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ES 202Fluid and Thermal Systems
Applications of Thermodynamics
and Fluid Mechanics
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 2
Fuel Cell
Reference: http://www.fuelcells.org
An electro-chemical device that continuously converts the chemical energy of a fuel and oxidant to electrical energy or heat.
• Advantages: quiet, low emission and highly efficient• Disadvantage: currently high cost
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 3
Electronic Cooling
• Fast and compact microprocessor chip has a high energy dissipation rate per unit volume.
fins
fans
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 4
Blood Flow Through the Human Heart
Effect of cholesterol in blood flow: increase blood pressure
Courtesy of HeartPoint
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 5
Aircraft Engine
Courtesy of Pratt & Whitney
Gas turbine engine technology: highly efficient
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 6
Components of a Gas Turbine Engine
Diffuser Inlet
Combustor
Compressor
Turbine
Nozzle
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 7
Multiple Blade Set in Compressor/Turbine
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 8
Inside a Compressor/Turbine• Rotor blades add energy to the working fluid stream.• Stator blades direct the trajectory of the working fluid.• Multiple-stage design of compression/expansion is more efficient than
single stage.
Blade design in turbomachinery using computational methods.Images taken from Aerospace Computing Laboratory, Stanford University
stator blade
rotor blade
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 9
Future Quieter Airplane!!
Sawtooth geometry (chevron) in engine exhaust nozzle to reduce engine noise.
primarystream
secondary(bypass)stream
Applications ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems 10
Aerodynamic Design
Upper surface
Lower surface
High-speed civil transport:
Pressure coefficient at Mach 2.2:blue (low value), red (high value)
Images taken from Aerospace Computing Laboratory, Stanford University
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