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GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 1
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR A TYRE PYROLYSIS PLANT FOR THE RECYCLING OF END OF LIFE/USED TYRES TO PRODUCE FUEL OIL, CARBON BLACK, GAS AND STEEL ON A PORTION (PORTION
A) OF PORTION 15 OF THE FARM OTJIWARONGO TOWNLANDS SOUTH NO.
308, OTJOZONDJUPA REGION
JUNE 2019
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 2
Project Name:
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR A TYRE PYROLYSIS PLANT FOR THE RECYCLING
OF END OF LIFE/USED TYRES TO PRODUCE FUEL OIL, CARBON BLACK, GAS AND STEEL ON A PORTION (PORTION A) OF PORTION 15 OF THE FARM OTJIWARONGO TOWNLANDS SOUTH NO.
308, OTJOZONDJUPA REGION
The Proponent:
Pneumatic Green Energy CC
P.O. Box 41005 Windhoek
Prepared by:
Release Date:
June 2019
Consultant:
C. Du Toit
C. Van Der Walt
Cell: 081 127 3145
Fax: 061 248 608
Email: charlie@greenearthnamibia.com
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Green Earth Environmental Consultants were appointed by the proponent, Pneumatic
Green Energy CC, to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment to obtain an
Environmental Clearance for the construction and operation of a tyre pyrolysis plant for
the recycling of end of life tyres for the production of fuel oil, carbon black, gas and steel
on a Portion of Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308, Otjozondjupa
Region. The land within the immediate vicinity of the project site is predominately
characterized by residential, industrial, farming and business activities. In terms of the
Regulations of the Environmental Management Act (No 7 of 2007), an Environmental
Impact Assessment has to be done to address the following ‘Listed Activities’:
WASTE MANAGEMENT, TREATMENT, HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
ACTIVITIES
2.1 The construction of facilities for waste sites, treatment of waste and disposal
of waste.
2.2 Any activity entailing a scheduled process referred to in the Atmospheric
Pollution Prevention Ordinance, 1976.
2.3 The import, processing, use and recycling, temporary storage, transit or
export of waste.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TREATMENT, HANDLING AND STORAGE
9.1 The manufacturing, storage, handling or processing of a hazardous
substance defined in the Hazardous Substances Ordinance, 1974.
9.2 Any process or activity which requires a permit, licence or other form of
authorisation, or the modification of or changes to existing facilities for any
process or activity which requires an amendment of an existing permit, licence or
authorisation or which requires a new permit, licence or authorisation in terms of
a law governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution, effluent or
waste.
The main positive impacts to be derived from this project are that opportunities will be
created from the recycling of tyres and to reduce the impact of end of life tyres on the
Namibian Environment in general but specifically on the landfill sites around the country.
Employment opportunities will be created during construction and operation of the plant.
The negative impacts associated with the proposed project are the impact on the
vegetation, trees, bushes, the natural drainage systems, noise and dust during, the
transmission of diseases from people or to people involved in construction and the loss
of land during the construction of the bulk municipal services (roads, sewer, electrical
and water reticulation). The plant will be constructed and operated on a disturbed
natural environment with most of the vegetation removed; therefore, the impacts will not
be severe. However, the project will put further pressure on water supply resources and
infrastructure. Mitigation measures will be provided that can control the extent, intensity
and frequency of these named impacts in order not to have substantial negative effects
or results.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 4
The type of activities that will be carried out on the site will not negatively affect the
amenity of the locality and the activities do not adversely affect the environmental quality
of the neighbouring portions or areas. None of the potential impacts identified are
regarded as having a significant impact to the extent that the proposed project should
not be allowed. However, the construction and operational activities further on need to
be controlled and monitored by the assigned subcontractors and the proponent.
The Environmental Impact Assessment which follows upon this paragraph was
conducted in accordance with the guidelines and stipulations of the Environmental
Management Act (No 7 of 2007) meaning that all possible impacts have been
considered and the details are presented in the report.
Based upon the conclusions and recommendations of the Environmental Impact
Assessment Report and Environmental Management Plan following this paragraph the
Environmental Commissioner of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism is herewith
requested to:
1. Accept the Environmental Impact Assessment;
2. Approve the Environmental Management Plan;
3. Issue an Environmental Clearance for the construction and operation of the tyre
pyrolysis plant for the recycling of end of life tyres for the production of fuel oil,
carbon black, gas and steel on Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South
No. 308, Otjozondjupa Region and for the following “listed activities”:
WASTE MANAGEMENT, TREATMENT, HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
ACTIVITIES
2.1 The construction of facilities for waste sites, treatment of waste and disposal
of waste.
2.2 Any activity entailing a scheduled process referred to in the Atmospheric
Pollution Prevention Ordinance, 1976.
2.3 The import, processing, use and recycling, temporary storage, transit or
export of waste.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TREATMENT, HANDLING AND STORAGE
9.1 The manufacturing, storage, handling or processing of a hazardous
substance defined in the Hazardous Substances Ordinance, 1974.
9.2 Any process or activity which requires a permit, licence or other form of
authorisation, or the modification of or changes to existing facilities for any
process or activity which requires an amendment of an existing permit, licence or
authorisation or which requires a new permit, licence or authorisation in terms of
a law governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution, effluent or
waste.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 7
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ 8
LIST OF APPENDIXES .................................................................................................. 9
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 10
2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON PROJECT .................................................. 11
2.1. LOCALITY AND DESCRIPTION ........................................................................ 11
2.2. LAND OWNERSHIP, SIZE AND ZONING.......................................................... 14
2.3. CURRENT UTILIZATION OF SITE .................................................................... 14
2.4. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................... 16
3. BULK SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................... 21
3.1. ACCESS AND INTERNAL ROADS ................................................................ 21
3.2. RAIL FACILITIES ........................................................................................... 24
3.3. WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................ 24
3.4. ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ................................................................................. 24
3.5. SEWAGE DISPOSAL ..................................................................................... 24
3.6. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ............................................................................ 25
4. TERMS OF REFERENCE ..................................................................................... 25
5. APPROACH TO THE STUDY ............................................................................... 26
6. ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS .................................................................... 27
7. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY REQUIREMENTS .............................. 27
8. AFFECTED RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ............................................................ 37
8.1. BIODIVERSITY AND VEGETATION .................................................................. 37
8.2. GEOLOGY AND SOILS ..................................................................................... 40
8.3. PREVAILING HYDROGEOLOGY ...................................................................... 41
8.4. SURFACE WATER ............................................................................................ 43
8.5. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ........................................................ 44
8.6. CLIMATE ........................................................................................................... 44
8.7. HYDROLOGICAL COMPONENT ....................................................................... 45
8.8. CULTURAL HERITAGE ..................................................................................... 46
9. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION ....................................................... 46
10. POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ................................... 47
11. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .......................................... 48
11.1. IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................. 49
11.1.1. ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND REQUIREMENTS .................................... 49
11.1.2. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES ............................................................ 49
11.1.3. WATER USAGE AND REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 50
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11.1.4. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS ............................................................................ 50
11.1.5. DUST POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY ..................................................... 50
11.1.6. NOISE IMPACT ........................................................................................... 51
11.1.7. HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY........................................................... 51
11.1.8. CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER ................................................... 52
11.1.9. SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION ............................................................. 53
11.1.10. GENERATION OF WASTE ......................................................................... 53
11.1.11. CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATER ................................................ 54
11.1.12. TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY .................................................................. 54
11.1.13. FIRES AND EXPLOTIONS ......................................................................... 54
11.1.14. SENSE OF PLACE AND GENERAL AMBIANCE....................................... 55
11.2. IMPACTS DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE ................................................. 55
11.2.1. FLUE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ........................................... 55
11.2.2. WASTEWATER GENERATION .................................................................. 57
11.2.3. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS ............................................................................ 57
11.2.4. DUST POLLUTION, ODOUR AND AIR QUALITY ...................................... 57
11.2.5. CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER ................................................... 58
11.2.6. GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE .......................... 58
11.2.7. FAILURE IN RETICULATION PIPELINES .................................................. 59
11.2.8. FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS ......................................................................... 59
11.2.9. HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY........................................................... 59
11.2.10. STORAGE OF TYRES AND HARMFUL SUBSTANCES ............................ 60
11.3. CUMMULATIVE IMPACTS ............................................................................. 60
12. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................... 61
13. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 61
14. RECOMMENDATION ......................................................................................... 62
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Locality of Project Site .............................................................................................. 11
Figure 2: Project Site ................................................................................................................. 12
Figure 3: Site plan...................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 4: Floor/site plan ............................................................................................................ 13
Figure 5: Buildings on the site (1) ........................................................................................... 14
Figure 6: Buildings on the site (2) ........................................................................................... 15
Figure 7: Buildings on the site (3) ........................................................................................... 15
Figure 8: Buildings on the site (4) ........................................................................................... 15
Figure 9: Buildings on the site (5) ........................................................................................... 16
Figure 10: Buildings on the site (6) ......................................................................................... 16
Figure 11: Component of Tyre (Evens, 2006) ....................................................................... 17
Figure 12: Basic setup of plant ................................................................................................ 19
Figure 13: Fuel oil ...................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 14: Recovered Carbon Black ...................................................................................... 20
Figure 15: Steel .......................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 16: Current Access to Project Site .............................................................................. 21
Figure 17: Current Access not supported by Roads Authority ........................................... 22
Figure 18: Future Access supported by Roads Authority .................................................... 22
Figure 19: Future Access as per Structure Plan (1) ............................................................. 23
Figure 20: Future Road as per Structure Plan (2) ................................................................ 23
Figure 21: Siding 9000 .............................................................................................................. 24
Figure 22: Flowchart of the Impact Process .......................................................................... 36
Figure 23: Biomes in Namibia (Atlas of Namibia, 2002) ...................................................... 37
Figure 24: Trees on the Project Site ....................................................................................... 40
Figure 25: Geology of Namibia ................................................................................................ 41
Figure 26: Groundwater basin & rock types .......................................................................... 41
Figure 27: Hydrogeological Map of Namibia (Geological Survey of Namibia, 2015) ...... 43
Figure 28: Average annual temperatures in Namibia .......................................................... 45
Figure 29: Wet Scrubber Image .............................................................................................. 56
Figure 30: Noise Exposure Limits and Times ....................................................................... 58
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 8
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CAN Central Area of Namibia
EC Environmental Clearance
ECO Environment Control Officer
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ELT’s End of life/used tyres
EMP Environmental Management Plan
I&APs Interested and Affected Parties
MET Ministry of Environment and Tourism
SQM Square Meters
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LIST OF APPENDIXES APPENDIX A: NEWSPAPER NOTICES
APPENDIX B: BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT
APPENDIX C: LIST OF I&APS
APPENDIX D: COMMENTS FROM I&APS
APPENDIX E: DEED OF TRANSFER
APPENDIX F: LEASE AGREEMENT
APPENDIX G: CURRICULUM VITAE OF CHARLIE DU TOIT
APPENDIX H: CHARLIE DU TOIT IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENT
APPENDIX I: CURRICULUM VITAE OF CARIEN VAN DER WALT
APPENDIX J: CARIEN VAN DER WALT IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENT
APPENDIX K: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 10
1. INTRODUCTION The Proponent, Pneumatic Green Energy CC, appointed Green Earth Environmental
Consultants to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment and develop an
Environmental Management Plan to obtain an Environmental Clearance for the
construction and operation of a tyre pyrolysis plant for the recycling of end of life/used
tyres for the production of oil/diesel, carbon black, gas and steel on Portion A (±2ha) of
Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308, Otjozondjupa Region.
The Environmental Management Act (No. 7 of 2007) and the Environmental Impact
Assessment Regulations (GN 30 in GG 4878 of 6 February 2012) stipulates that an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report and management plan is required as the
following 'Listed Activities' are involved:
WASTE MANAGEMENT, TREATMENT, HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
ACTIVITIES
2.1 The construction of facilities for waste sites, treatment of waste and disposal
of waste.
2.2 Any activity entailing a scheduled process referred to in the Atmospheric
Pollution Prevention Ordinance, 1976.
2.3 The import, processing, use and recycling, temporary storage, transit or
export of waste.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TREATMENT, HANDLING AND STORAGE
9.1 The manufacturing, storage, handling or processing of a hazardous
substance defined in the Hazardous Substances Ordinance, 1974.
9.2 Any process or activity which requires a permit, licence or other form of
authorisation, or the modification of or changes to existing facilities for any
process or activity which requires an amendment of an existing permit, licence or
authorisation or which requires a new permit, licence or authorisation in terms of
a law governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution, effluent or
waste.
The Environmental Impact Assessment below contains information on the proposed
project and the surrounding areas, the proposed development and activities, the
applicable legislation to the study conducted, the methodology that was followed, the
public consultation that was conducted, and the receiving environment’s sensitivity and
any potential ecological, environmental and social impacts.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 11
2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON PROJECT
2.1. LOCALITY AND DESCRIPTION
Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308 (the old cement factory site) is
located ±3km to the north-east of Otjiwarongo east of the B1 National Road leading to
the town of Otavi. See below plans to show the locality of Portion 15:
Figure 1: Locality of Project Site
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Figure 2: Project Site
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Figure 4: Floor/site plan
Figure 3: Site plan
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2.2. LAND OWNERSHIP, SIZE AND ZONING
Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308 is registered in the name of
Namibia Development Corporation which is now part of NIDA (Namibia Industrial
Development Agency). The Portion is 12, 3108 hectares in extent and zoned ‘general
industrial’. The proposed plant can be accommodated under the zoning ‘general
industrial’ on condition the Otjwarongo Municipality grant consent for a ‘noxious industry’.
It is the intension to use ±2 hectares for the construction and operation of the tyre
pyrolysis plant.
2.3. CURRENT UTILIZATION OF SITE
Various buildings are present on the site. The bulk of these buildings have been
vandalized (roof sheets and doors have been removed and windows are broken). The
site is used for the dumping of household and industrial waste. It was observed that the
site is used for the storage and handling of charcoal and people residing (loitering and
squatting on the site).
Figure 5: Buildings on the site (1)
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Figure 6: Buildings on the site (2)
Figure 7: Buildings on the site (3)
Figure 8: Buildings on the site (4)
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2.4. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
It is the intention of the proponent to establish a tyre pyrolysis plant for the recycling of
ELT’s (end of life/used tyres) into fuel oil, carbon black, gas and steel. From info
obtained from City of Windhoek, 2000 to 2500 tyres are received per month at the
Kupferberg Landfill site outside Windhoek. It is estimated that the same amount can be
sourced from the coastal and the northern towns of Namibia. Some of the mines have
also indicated that they have large volumes of used tyres which are currently a problem
to dispose of. These tyres take up space and shorten the lifespan of landfill sites. It is
the intension to refund or put incentives in place to motivate members of the general
public and businesses to supply tyres to the plant. It is expected to employ 15 workers
in the project process. The following image demonstrates the components of a tyre:
Figure 9: Buildings on the site (5)
Figure 10: Buildings on the site (6)
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 17
Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process used to decompose organic material, namely
heat treatment in the absence of oxygen. In the recycling industry, tyre pyrolysis works
the same way: heat is applied to feedstock in vacuum or at atmospheric pressure to
decompose whole or shredded tires into marketable materials. Four main materials
derived from end-of-life tyres by weight/volume in descending order are fuel oil, carbon
char, steel wire and gas. The table below shows the materials as a percentage of weight
from which a tyre is made:
Table 1: Composition of a Tyre
Material
Passenger Car Tire, %
of total weight
Truck Tire, % of total
weight
Rubber 48 45
Carbon Black 22 22
Metal 15 25
Textile 5 –
Zinc Oxide 1 2
Sulphur 1 1
Other Additives 8 5
Figure 11: Component of Tyre (Evens, 2006)
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 18
During the pyrolysis process, ELTs are heated in an oxygen free environment most
commonly in a reactor vessel to temperatures ranging between 300 and 800 degrees
Celsius. Once heat is applied to feedstock, it begins to soften, and tire polymers break
down. Products of this process can be divided into three basic categories - vapors,
liquids and solid remainder. Smaller molecules exit the reactor in the form of vapor. A
bigger part of the vapors is collected and condensed into an oily liquid, while another
fraction of vapors is collected as gas outside the vessel and is then burnt for energy
generation. The heavier minerals originally present in tyres remain in the reactor as a
solid residual and consist of carbon char - referred to as carbon black - and steel.
Roughly, output shares are:
These values may vary depending on technology and processing temperature
equipment. The quantity and quality of each product depends on several variables such
as feedstock quality, processing temperature, pressure, and processing time. For
instance, higher processing temperatures are associated with higher yields of gas.
Thus, the share of gas among other outputs may vary from 10% to 15%. The set up of
the proposed pyrolysis plant will in principle be as follows:
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 19
Figure 12: Basic setup of plant
Nowadays, there are different types of equipment available on the market for a good-
quality tire pyrolysis. Apart from treatment temperature, there are batch and continuous
feed systems available. A pyrolysis pant is normally set up as follows:
1 Hopper, 2 Input sluice, 3 Thermolysis coke hot, 4 Thermolysis coke cold, 5
Thermolysis raw gas, 6 Permanent gas, 7 Permanent gas, cleaned, 8 GPL / natural gas,
10 Rotary kiln unit, 20 Condensation, 21 Cooler, 22 Bypass filter. The products derived
from the pyrolysis process will be used as follows:
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 20
Fuel oil
Figure 13: Fuel oil
The main fields of application are:
maritime fuel
fuel for vehicular engines
fuel for stationary engines (generators)
furnace fuel used by local (community) heating companies
Carbon Black
Figure 14: Recovered Carbon Black
Recovered carbon black is a mixture of carbon, ash, zinc and sulphur. It is the intension
to press the carbon black through a briquetting process into sticks or blocks with large
diameter and different shapes to be used as industrial fuel. NamPower has shown
interest in this product for the Van Eck Powerplant as the recovered carbon fibre has a
high calorific value. Cement plants are also users of the product.
Steel
Figure 15: Steel
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 21
Recovered steel will be further recycled to be sold as a commodity or it as scrap metal
without applying additional treatment.
Gas Gas output makes up the smallest fraction of tire pyrolysis output. Gas released during
thermal decomposition of ELT has sufficiently high calorific value to power the operation
and it is the intension to use it as such in the proposed plant.
3. BULK SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
The bulk services that will be provided will be as follows:
3.1. ACCESS AND INTERNAL ROADS
Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308 is currently accessed from a
private/municipal road that runs south-eastwards towards the town and joins the D2440
from which the B1 and the Town can be accessed in a south-westerly direction. This
private/municipal road also link up with the Main Road B1, crossing the railway line,
directly northwest of the site. See current access in Figure below.
As this section of Main Road B1 falls under the jurisdiction of the Roads Authority, their
comments were requested. The Roads Authority indicated that:
“The access point of the private/municipal road onto the B1 is for the Roads Authority
problematic as this creates with the D2430 a cross intersection that is potentially very
dangerous for users of the B1 and should be closed”. See attached a copy of the email
from Roads Authority regarding the access. Therefore, this access is not supported and
will probably be closed by Roads Authority.
Figure 16: Current Access to Project Site
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The Otjiwarongo Structure Plan provides for a future access to Portion 15 of Farm
Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308 from the eastern side via a road still to be
constructed which will link up with District Road D2440 in the south from where the B1
and the Town can be accessed. This road will also provide access to developments
planned to the north of Portion 15. See Google Image and Structure Plan below for the
alignment of the future road.
Figure 17: Current Access not supported by Roads Authority
Figure 18: Future Access supported by Roads Authority
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New Road
Figure 19: Future Access as per Structure Plan (1)
Figure 20: Future Road as per Structure Plan (2)
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This will thus be the future access to the plant once constructed. The positioning of the
plant and layout of the site is also done in such way as to take access from this road
once constructed.
3.2. RAIL FACILITIES
The site has access to the TransNamib Rail Network via siding No. 9000. TransNamib
confirmed that the siding can still be used although some upgrading work is required.
3.3. WATER SUPPLY
Water is supplied to the site from the existing municipal water reticulation system.
3.4. ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
Electricity is supplied to the site from the Cenored network. The plant will be gas driven
from the gas generated through the process.
3.5. SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Currently no sewer infrastructure is available for this development. The site will thus be
serviced by an enclosed waterborne sewer system which will treat the effluent for reuse
Figure 21: Siding 9000
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 25
on site. The proposed systems will be designed and constructed according to Municipal
standards and with their approval.
3.6. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Household and other waste generated from the activity should be collected by the
Municipality under their normal waste management and collection services. If the
Municipality cannot render this service at this site it is proposed that the normal
household waste and industrial waste which will be generated on the site be sorted into
glass, paper, metal, plastics, noxious materials and others and stored in a dedicated
area on the site from which it is collected by a professional waste management and
recycling company like Rent-A-Drum.
4. TERMS OF REFERENCE
To be able to implement the proposed project, an Environmental Impact Assessment
and Environmental Clearance is required. For this environmental impact exercise Green
Earth Environmental Consultants followed the terms of reference as stipulated under the
Environmental Management Act.
The aim of the environmental impact assessment was:
- To comply with Namibia’s Environmental Management Act (2007) and its
regulations (2012);
- To ascertain existing environmental conditions on the site in order to determine
its environmental sensitivity;
- To inform I&APs and relevant authorities of the details of the proposed
development and to provide them with an opportunity to raise issues and
concerns;
- To assess the significance of issues and concerns raised;
- To compile a report detailing all identified issues and possible impacts, stipulating
the way forward and identify specialist investigations required;
- To outline management guidelines in an Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
to minimize and/or mitigate potentially negative impacts.
The tasks that were undertaken for the Environmental Impact Assessment included the
evaluation of the following: climate, water (hydrology), vegetation, geology, soils, socio
economic impact, cultural heritage, groundwater, sedimentation, erosion, biodiversity,
sense of place, socio-economic environment, health, safety and traffic.
The EIA and EMP from the assessment will be submitted to the Environmental
Commissioner for consideration. The Environmental Clearance will only be obtained
(from the DEA) once the EIA and EMP has been examined and approved for the listed
activity.
The public consultation process as per the guidelines of the Act has been followed. The
methods that were used to assess the environmental issues and alternatives included
the collection of data on the project site and surrounding area, info obtained from the
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 26
proponent and the professional team appointed for planning and construction and the
Ministry of Environment and Tourism and identified and affected stakeholders.
Consequences of impacts were determined in five categories: nature of impact,
expected duration of impact, geographical extent of the event, probability of occurring
and the expected intensity.
Interested and affected parties were invited to register in terms of the assessment
process to give input, comments and opinions regarding the proposed project. All other
permits, licenses or certificates that are further on required for the operation of the
proposed project still needs to be applied for by the proponent.
5. APPROACH TO THE STUDY
The assessment included the following activities:
a) Desktop sensitivity assessment
Literature, legislation and guidance documents related to the natural environment and
land use activities available on the portion and area in general were reviewed in order to
determine potential environmental issues and concerns.
b) Site assessment (site visit)
The proposed project site and the immediate neighbourhood and surrounding area were
assessed through several site visits to investigate the environmental parameters on site
to enable further understanding of the potential impacts on site.
c) Public participation
The public were invited to give input, comments and opinions regarding the proposed
project. Notices were placed in two local newspapers namely The Namibian and New
Era (see Appendix) on 25 April and 2 May 2019 inviting public participation and
comments on the proposed project. The closing date for questions, comments, inputs or
information on the proposed Newspaper Notice was 24 May 2019. Background
Information Documents have been sent to Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) and
to relevant authorities. The closing date for questions, comments, inputs or information
on the Background Information Document was also 24 May 2019. See Appendix for
comments received from the Interested and Affected Parties and from the Public.
d) Scoping
Based on the desk top study, site visit and public participation, the environmental
impacts were determined in five categories: nature of project, expected duration of
impact, geographical extent of the event, probability of occurring and the expected
intensity. The findings of the scoping have been incorporated in the environmental
impact assessment report below.
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e) Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
To minimize the impact on the environment, mitigation measures have been identified to
be implemented during planning, construction and implementation. These measures
have been included in the Environmental Management Plan to guide the planning,
construction and operation of the project/development which can also be used by the
relevant authorities to ensure that the project is planned, developed and operated with
the minimum impact on the environment.
6. ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
It is assumed that the information provided by the proponent (Pneumatic Green Energy
CC) is accurate. Alternative sites namely the Remainder of Portion 56, Brakwater Stand
No. 9 were evaluated but it has no access to bulk municipal services and is also located
next to a residential area. The zoning of the Portion is residential which does not allow
industrial use. The proposed site (Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No.
308) for the development was chosen because of the location, zoning, size of the portion
and proximity to the main road leading through Namibia (B1). The site was visited
several times and any happenings after this are not mentioned in this report. (The
assessment was based on the prevailing environmental conditions and not on future
happenings on the site.) However, it is assumed that there will be no significant changes
to the proposed project, and the environment will not adversely be affected between the
compilation of the assessment and the implementation of the proposed activities.
7. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY REQUIREMENTS
To protect the environment and achieve sustainable development, all projects, plans,
programs and policies deemed to have adverse impacts on the environment require an
EIA according to Namibian legislation. The administrative, legal and policy requirements
to be considered during the Environmental Assessment for the tyre pyrolysis plant on
Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308, Otjozondjupa Region are the
following:
The Namibian Constitution
The Environmental Management Act (No. 7 of 2007)
The Otjiwarongo Town Planning Scheme
Other Laws, Acts, Regulations and Policies
THE NAMIBIAN CONSTITUTION
Article 95 of Namibia’s constitution provides that:
“The State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting,
inter alia, policies aimed at the following:
Management of ecosystems, essential ecological processes and biological diversity of
Namibia and utilization of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 28
of all Namibians, both present and future; in particular, the Government shall provide
measures against the dumping or recycling of foreign nuclear and toxic waste on
Namibian territory.” This article recommends that a relatively high level of environmental
protection is called for in respect of pollution control and waste management.
Article 144 of the Namibian Constitution deals with environmental law and it states:
“Unless otherwise provided by this Constitution or Act of Parliament, the general rules of
public international agreements binding upon Namibia under this Constitution shall form
part of the law of Namibia”. This article incorporates international law, if it conforms to
the Constitution, automatically as “law of the land”. These include international
agreements, conventions, protocols, covenants, charters, statutes, acts, declarations,
concords, exchanges of notes, agreed minutes, memoranda of understanding, and
agreements (Ruppel & Ruppel-Schlichting, 2013). It is therefore important that the
international agreements and conventions are considered (see section 4.9).
In considering these environmental rights, the Proponent should consider the following in
devising an action plan in response to these articles:
Implement a “zero-harm” policy that would guide decisions.
Ensure that no management practice or decision result in the degradation of
future natural resources.
Take a decision on how this part of the Constitution will be implemented as part
of the Environmental Control System (ECS).
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT (NO. 7 OF 2007)
The Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations (GN 30 in GG 4878 of 6 February
2012) of the Environmental Management Act (No. 7 of 2007) that came into effect in
2012 requires/recommends that an Environmental Impact Assessment and an
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) be conducted for the following listed activities in
order to obtain an Environmental Clearance Certificate:
WASTE MANAGEMENT, TREATMENT, HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
ACTIVITIES
2.1 The construction of facilities for waste sites, treatment of waste and disposal
of waste.
2.2 Any activity entailing a scheduled process referred to in the Atmospheric
Pollution Prevention Ordinance, 1976.
2.3 The import, processing, use and recycling, temporary storage, transit or
export of waste.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TREATMENT, HANDLING AND STORAGE
9.1 The manufacturing, storage, handling or processing of a hazardous
substance defined in the Hazardous Substances Ordinance, 1974.
9.2 Any process or activity which requires a permit, licence or other form of
authorisation, or the modification of or changes to existing facilities for any
process or activity which requires an amendment of an existing permit, licence or
authorisation or which requires a new permit, licence or authorisation in terms of
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 29
a law governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution, effluent or
waste.
Cumulative impacts associated with the development must be included as well as public
consultation. The Act further requires all major industries and mines to prepare waste
management plans and present these to the local authorities for approval.
The Act, Regulations, Procedures and Guidelines have integrated the following
sustainability principles. They need to be given due consideration, particularly to achieve
proper waste management and pollution control:
Cradle to Grave Responsibility
This principle provides that those who handle or manufacture potentially harmful
products must be liable for their safe production, use and disposal and that those who
initiate potentially polluting activities must be liable for their commissioning, operation
and decommissioning.
Precautionary Principle
It provides that if there is any doubt about the effects of a potentially polluting activity, a
cautious approach must be adopted.
The Polluter Pays Principle
A person who generates waste or causes pollution must, in theory, pay the full costs of
its treatment or of the harm, which it causes to the environment.
Public Participation and Access to Information
In the context of environmental management, citizens must have access to information
and the right to participate in decisions making.
CONCLUSION AND IMPACT
It can be concluded that Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308 was
already used for ‘industrial’ purposes. Some of the site has been cleared from
vegetation and structures have been constructed on them or are in the process of being
constructed. The proposed activity will thus fit in with the surrounding activities and not
have a negative impact on the prevailing environment. It will be ensured that protected
trees and plant species will be retained where possible.
THE OTJIWARONGO TOWN PLANNING SCHEME
The Otjiwarongo Town Planning Scheme (as amended in Otjiwarongo Amendment
Scheme No. 15 – approved 26 June 2015) applies to the area as indicated on the scheme
maps and corresponds with the Townlands Diagram for Otjiwarongo Town and
Townlands. Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308 falls within the
area of the Scheme.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 30
The general purpose of this Scheme is the coordinated and harmonious development of
the area of Otjiwarongo (including, where necessary, the reconstruction and
redevelopment of any part which has already been subdivided whether there are
buildings on it or not) in such a way as will most effectively tend to promote health,
safety, order, amenity, convenience and general welfare as well as efficiency and
economy in the process of development and improvement of communications, and
where it is expedient in order to promote proper planning or development, may provide
for the suspending the operation of any provision of law or any bylaw or regulation made
under such law, in so far as such provision is similar to or inconsistent with any of the
provisions of the Scheme.
According to the Town Planning Scheme, Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands
South No. 308 is 12, 3108 hectares in extent and zoned ‘general industrial’. Clause 8.10
of the Town Planning Scheme allows the primary uses as is stipulated in the table below
on an erf which is zoned ‘general industrial’:
It was confirmed with Mr Slabbert and Ms De Wet from Otjiwarongo Municipality that:
“the nature of the business will be classified as a noxious trade and will require Council’s
consent under the “general industrial” zoned property”. See below email received from
Council in this regard.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 31
Email received from Council
From: Charlie du Toit <charlie@dutoitplan.com>
Sent: Thursday, 14 March 2019 3:17 PM
To: Rene De Wet <rene@Otjimun.org.na>
Subject: Die vorige sementfabriek
Hallo Rene
Kan jy my dalk help met die erf/porsie nommer van die perseel waarop die vorige
sement fabriek geleë was. Ons het ‘n klient wat ‘n projek daarop wil doen en ek moet
uitvind insake die gebruiksregte en dienste beskikbaarheid vir die gedeelte.
Die klient beplan om ‘n tyre recycling facility van die perseel af te bedryf. Dit is ‘n
industriele aktiwitweit wat noxious van aard is. Die NDC het die grond aan hulle
aangebied vir die projek.
Kan jy my help hiermee asb.
Dankie en groete
From: Rene De Wet <rene@Otjimun.org.na>
Sent: Thursday, March 14, 2019 3:41 PM
To: Charlie du Toit <charlie@dutoitplan.com>
Subject: RE: Die vorige sementfabriek
Middag Charlie
Dis Portion 15 of Townlands South No 308 South. Sy sonering is General Industrial en
hy is 12,3108 HA
Groete, Rene
From: Charlie du Toit <charlie@dutoitplan.com>
Sent: Friday, 5 April 2019 9:10 AM
To: Rene De Wet <rene@Otjimun.org.na>
Cc: carien@greenearthnamibia.com; 'Elmarie du Toit' <elmarie@dutoitplan.com>
Subject: RE: Die vorige sementfabriek
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 32
Dear Rene
We have been appointed to attend to the Town Planning and Environmental Procedures
for the construction and operation of Tyre Pyrolysis Plant on a 2ha portion of Portion 15
of Townlands South No 308 South, Otjiwarongo.
Initially it was the intension to locate the plant in the Windhoek Municipal Area but a
suitable site could not be found. See attached a BID prepared for the initial site which
give some info on the proposed project. Although the plant has limited impact on the
environment we are of the opinion that it is of a noxious nature and that it should thus be
done with Council’s ‘consent’.
The Portion is zoned ‘General Industrial’ ant it is 12,3108 ha in extent. With this email I
want to confirm the following:
If the proposed project will be classified as ‘noxious’ and if so;
If Council’s consent must be obtained as a ‘noxious’ industry is a consent use under the
zoning ‘general business ‘;
The implementation of the project is subject to obtaining an Environmental Clearance
and Council’s ‘consent’(if required).
Your urgent feedback in this regard is highly appreciated as we need to inform the client
and landlord on this.
Kind regards
Dear Charlie
I can confirm as follows:
The nature of the business will be classified as a noxious trade and will require Council’s
consent under the “general industrial” zoned property.
Regards, Rene
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 33
The Otjiwarongo Town Planning Scheme defines a ‘noxious industry’ as follows:
An application was therefore submitted to the Otjiwarongo Municipality by Du Toit Town
Planning Consultants for:
Consent to use Portion A (±2ha) of Portion 15 of the Farm Otjiwarongo
Townlands South No 308, Otjozondjupa Region, for a tyre pyrolysis plant which
is defined as a ‘noxious industry’
This application is currently awaiting Otjiwarongo Municipality’s approval. The approval
of the consent to use Portion A of Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No
308 for the tyre pyrolysis plant is subject to obtaining an environmental clearance from
the Environmental Commissioner for the listed activities triggered by the proposed
project.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 34
CONCLUSION AND IMPACT
It is believed that the proposed tyre pyrolysis plant on Portion A of Portion 15 of Farm
Otjiwarongo Townlands South No 308 will not have a detrimental impact on the
neighbourhood as the proposed development will fit in with the surrounding uses and
complement the existing uses.
The proposed consent to use Portion A for a ‘noxious industry’ has been considered
under the stipulations of the Otjiwarongo Town Planning Scheme and the Local
Authorities Act. The proposed consent use will not have a negative impact on the public.
OTHER LAWS, ACTS, REGULATIONS AND POLICIES
The laws, acts, regulations and policies listed below have also been considered during
the Environmental Assessment:
Table 1: Laws. Acts, Regulations and Policies
Laws, Acts, Regulations & Policies consulted:
Water
Resources
Management
Act
The Water Resources Management Act (No 11 of 2013) stipulates
conditions that ensure effluent that is produced to be of a certain standard.
There should also be controls on the disposal of sewage, the purification of
effluent, measures should be taken to ensure the prevention of surface and
groundwater pollution and water resources should be used in a sustainable
manner.
Nature
Conservation
Ordinance
The Nature Conservation Ordinance (No 4 of 1975) covers game parks and
nature reserves, the hunting and protection of wild animals, problem animals,
fish and indigenous plant species. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism
(MET) administer it and provides for the establishment of the Nature
Conservation Board.
Forestry Act The Forestry Act (No 12 of 2001) specifies that there be a general protection
of the receiving and surrounding environment. The protection of natural
vegetation is of great importance, the Forestry Act especially stipulates that no
living tree, bush, shrub or indigenous plants within 100m from any river,
stream or watercourse, may be removed without the necessary license.
Soil
Conservation
Act
The Soil Conservation Act (No 76 of 1969) stipulates that the combating and
preventing of soil erosion should take place; the soil should also be conserved,
protected and improved, vegetation and water sources and resources should
also be preserved and maintained. When proper mitigation measures are
followed along the construction and implementation phase of the project, the
natural characteristics of the property is expected to have a moderate to low
impact on the environment.
Labour Act The Labour Act (No 11 of 2007) states regulations to ensure the health,
safety and welfare of employees and to protect employees from unfair labour
practices. The Act also states that the employees should be provided with a
working environment that is without risk to their health.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 35
Local
Authorities
Act (No. 23 of
1992)
The purpose of the Local Authorities Act is to provide for the determination, for
purposes of local government, of local authority councils; the establishment of
such local authority councils; and to define the powers, duties and functions of
local authority councils; and to provide for incidental matters.
CONCLUSION AND IMPACT
Green Earth Environmental Consultants believe the above administrative, legal and
policy requirements which specifically guides and governs the project had been followed
and complied with in the assessment of the activity. A flowchart indicating the entire EIA
process is shown in the Figure below.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 36
Figure 22: Flowchart of the Impact Process
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 37
8. AFFECTED RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT
8.1. BIODIVERSITY AND VEGETATION
Portion 15 forms part of the Tree and Shrub Savannah Biome (specifically the Highland
Savannah). The project site has previously accommodated a cement factory and has
been cleared to construct and operate the factory and supporting infrastructure, roads,
parking and storage areas, and boundary walls and is thus showing evidence of human
interference where the vegetation was cleared on some areas of the Portion to provide
for the placement of the buildings and roads. The trees that have been spared from the
previous activities should be retained as far as possible.
Figure 23: Biomes in Namibia (Atlas of Namibia, 2002)
According to Mannheimer and Curtis (2009), the area is home to Prosopis Trees
especially near water courses namely small rivers/streams. Acacia Mellifera (Black
Thorn), Acacia erioloba (Camelthorn), Boscia Albitrunce, Albicia antihelmintica, Aloe
Littorallis, Commiphera spp. and Acacia erubescens are all located on the project site
and are protected plant species and are listed under the Forest Ordinance of 1952.
Central Namibia is regarded as “average to high” in overall (all terrestrial species)
diversity while the overall terrestrial endemism is “high” (Mendelsohn et al. 2002).
Central Namibia has between 161-200 endemic vertebrates (all vertebrates included).
The overall diversity and abundance of large herbivorous mammals (big game) is viewed
as “high” with 7-8 species while the overall diversity of large carnivorous mammals (large
predators) is determined at 3 species with Leopard and Cheetah being the most
important with “high” densities (Mendelsohn et al. 2002).
It is estimated that at least 78 reptile, 9 amphibian, 73 mammal and 209 bird species
(breeding residents) are known to or expected to occur in central Namibia of which a
high proportion are endemics.
Project Site
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 38
Mountainous and rocky features in the Highland Savannah are viewed as unique and
often critical habitat to a variety of vertebrate fauna of concern – e.g. Python anchietae &
Verreaux’s Eagle (“Near Threatened”). Such habitats should be protected, especially
isolated patches thereof, as these often have an “island” effect with a variety of rock and
crevasse dwelling species dependent on these areas.
Ephemeral drainage lines with associated riparian habitat, especially bigger trees, and
temporary pools (and/or perennial springs and seeps) are also viewed as important
habitat for a variety of vertebrate fauna – e.g. bark roosting bats; South African Gallago;
cavity nesting birds (Monteiros & Damara Hornbills and Rüppells Parrot), etc. Important
habitats for vertebrate fauna identified during the site visits are viewed as the rocky,
mainly schist outcrops and few ephemeral drainage lines.
It is estimated that at least 78 reptiles, 9 amphibian, 81 mammal and 209 bird species
(breeding residents) are known to or expected to occur in the area of which a large
proportion are endemics. Endemics include at least 36% of the reptiles, 33% of the
amphibians, 9.9% of the mammals and 71% (10 of the 14 Namibian endemics) of all the
breeding and/or resident birds known and/or expected to occur in the general area.
Although these endemics are known to occur in the general area, it is currently not clear
if any of these are associated with the proposed development area(s) or how exactly
they will be affected by this development.
The Highland Savannah, although varied, is classified by Combretum apiculatum subsp.
apiculatum and Acacia hereroensis, Acacia reficiens and Acacia erubescens amongst
others and the climax grasses on undisturbed areas dominated by Anthephora
pubescens, Brachiaria nigropedata and Digitaria eriantha (Giess 1971). The best
palatable grasses have often been denuded in the general area over time due to over-
and selective grazing practices (Giess 1971). The overall vegetation structure can be
classified as “dense shrubland” and “shrubs and low trees” (Mendelsohn et al. 2002).
According to Curtis and Mannheimer (2005) and Mannheimer and Curtis (2009) between
66 and 83 species of larger trees and shrubs are known and/or expected to occur in the
general area, respectively. Twenty-seven (32.5%) species of larger trees and shrubs
have protected status in the general area. Five species (6.1%) are endemic, 3 species
(3.7%) near-endemic, and 16 species (19.3%) protected by Forestry laws, 3 species
(3.7%) protected by Nature Conservation laws.
During the site visit, various species of trees/shrubs were identified in the proposed
development area. Of these, 6 species (Acacia erioloba, Albizia anthelmintica, Boscia
albitrunca, Ozoroa crassinervia, Searsia lancea & Ziziphus mucronata) are protected
under Forestry legislation with 1 species also being “near-endemic” (Ozoroa
crassinervia).
The most important tree/shrub species expected from the general area are the various
protected species and species of conservation concern and include Commiphora dinteri
(endemic), Cyphostemma bainesii (endemic, NC), Cyphostemma currorii (NC) and
Heteromorpha papillosa (endemic). All aloe species are protected in Namibia and other
species potentially occurring in the general area are Aloe hereroensis and Aloe zebrina
(Rothmann 2004). None of the species are exclusively associated with the area.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 39
Up to 101 grasses are expected in the area of which 4 species are viewed as endemic
(Eragrostis omahekensis, Eragrostis scopelophila, Pennisetum foermeranum and
Setaria finite). Pennisetum foermeranum is associated with rocky mountainous terrain
and consequently only expected is such suitable habitat. Eragrostis omahekensis is
virtually only found on disturbed soils – e.g. close to watering points – while Eragrostis
scopelophila is associated with mountainous areas under trees and shrubs. The
endemic Setaria finita is associated with drainage lines in the general area; never very
common and probably the grass species most likely to be affected most by development
in the area. None of the species are exclusively associated with the area. The dominant
grass throughout the proposed development area was Brachiaria nigropedata.
Due to the high priority and urgency of the project, as it forms part of the Harambee
Prosperity Plan, the contractor cleared the site to be able to complete a detailed site
survey for the civil works which will follow. The site will be landscaped, and platforms
will be created on which the facilities will be constructed. During the clearance of the
site, the contractor kept the protected tree species and plants although the rest of the
vegetation was removed.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 40
The natural characteristics of the project site namely the vegetation clearance and the
destruction of habitats is expected to further on have a low impact on the environment
before the mitigation measures are taken and after the mitigation measures are taken,
the impact will be very low.
8.2. GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308 is in the Khomas Trough on a
geological area classified as Damara Supergroup and Gariep Complex. See Map below.
Figure 24: Trees on the Project Site
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 41
(Atlas of Namibia Project, 2002)
The Khomas Trough was formed during sedimentation of the Late Proterozoic Damara
Sequence. The basin that was filled by a thick sequence, now preserved as
metagreywackes and pelites of the Kuiseb Formation, which were subsequently multiply
deformed and thrusted during the Damaran Orogeny. Minor lithologies included are
graphite schists, calc-silicates and scapolite schists.
8.3. PREVAILING HYDROGEOLOGY
The bedrock geology of the area consists primarily of highly deformed rocks of the
Kuiseb Formation rocks of the Swakop Group. The dominant lithologies are
metagreywacke and mica schist.
Project Site
Figure 25: Geology of Namibia
Figure 26: Groundwater basin & rock types
Project Site
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 42
Structures present in the larger area are mainly north-south faults and joint systems. The
north-south fault systems are less developed in the micaceous lithologies of the Kuiseb
Formation rocks, as the mica schist undergoes plastic deformation rather than brittle
fracturing. No faults are mapped within the development area.
Some geological observations made during the field visit are:
- The schist is generally more massive and foliation is not very well developed.
- Some north-west – south-east striking joints are cross-cutting the massive schist.
- Quartz veins are present.
- The area is largely covered by a thin “quartz-pebble mulch” covering much of the
soil horizon.
To understand the occurrence of groundwater and the potential pollution impact of the
development on groundwater, it is necessary to describe the prevailing geohydrological
conditions, and to understand some of the fundamental geohydrological concepts. The
predominant geology is the determining factor in the behaviour and characteristics of the
geohydrological environment. The underlying geology is primarily schist, which is
considered having a low groundwater potential and low risk of groundwater
contamination.
Along drainage channels and rivers, alluvium may be found which have a moderate to
high groundwater potential, with an associated higher risk of groundwater pollution. The
main aquifer type found in the area is secondary fractured aquifers hosted in the mica
schist of the Kuiseb Formation, with perceived limited (small) aquifers formed along the
ephemeral river courses that are associated with river alluvials, or where groundwater
recharge takes place during flood events.
Schist, being a naturally poor host of groundwater, acts as an aquiclude, or when
hosting groundwater, at best as an aquatard. The weathering product of schist is clayey
material, which also is not favourable for transmitting groundwater. The field
observations made regarding some of characteristics of the schist, namely its massive
nature together with cross-cutting joints, is important in that:
1. The massive schist will be even more impervious than well-foliated schist, thereby
further reducing the potential for groundwater flow.
2. The joints, if open at depth, will have higher transmissivity in relation to the matrix rock
transmissivity, thus resulting in higher percolation rates and flow rates of groundwater in
the joints.
3. If the quartz veins are a result of quartz intrusion from depth, these veins can act as
preferential flow paths, and it can also store significant quantities of groundwater, thus it
can potentially act as good secondary aquifers.
It must however be borne in mind that, even if flow rates can be higher in certain parts of
the schist, the rock type in general is at best an aquatard. Furthermore, the
“geohydrologically better” portion of the schist in relation to the “geohydrologically poor”
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 43
portion of the schist is most likely negligibly small. The most significant negative aspect
of this higher transmissivity characteristic in joint zones is that pollutants can enter and
disperse through such joint zones easier. At the same time however, it will be difficult to
remove or abstract any pollutant from the schist due to its over-all poor transmissivity.
All information suggests that the area in general has poor groundwater potential and the
predominant geology in the area results in very little risk of groundwater contamination,
unless pollutants end up in geological structures acting as preferential groundwater flow
paths (faults or open joints) or along the river courses where groundwater flow in the
alluvial sediments will be higher. Under such conditions the transmissivity is higher;
therefore, the potential to transmit pollutants can also be moderate to high.
The Hydrogeological Map of Namibia shows that the study area falls in a zone of rock
bodies with little groundwater potential (generally low; locally moderate potential) in an
area of metamorphic rocks.
Figure 27: Hydrogeological Map of Namibia (Geological Survey of Namibia, 2015)
It can therefore be concluded that the geological and geohydrological settings: limit the
flux of groundwater between different groundwater bodies or aquifers in the schist
bedrock, thus limiting the movement of potential pollutants within this rock type; limit the
probability that groundwater utilisation in one area will adversely affect groundwater
availability in surrounding areas, and could result in higher flux within homogenous
layers (Geological Survey of Namibia, 2015).
8.4. SURFACE WATER Surface water flow in a catchment is largely determined by rainfall (quantity and
intensity), potential evapotranspiration and catchment relief. A drainage system
comprises all the elements of the landscape through which or over which water travels
within that drainage basin. These elements include the soil, vegetation growing on it,
geological materials underlying the soil, stream channels carrying surface water and the
PTN Re/56 Ongos
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 44
zones where water is held in the soil and moves below the surface. It also includes
constructed elements such as pipes and culverts, cleared and compacted land surfaces,
and pavement and other impervious surfaces unable to absorb water. The hydrology of
a region is thus characterised by the collection, movement and storage of water through
a drainage basin.
Alteration of a natural drainage basin through for instance urbanisation can impose
dramatic changes in the movement and storage of water. These changes can have
negative impacts on other parties that use water for industrial, domestic and livestock
watering purposes in the immediate vicinity or downstream.
According to Grunert (2003), the Geology of Namibia centrally is dominated by Damara
Sequence. Pre-Cambrian aged metasedimentary strata of the Kuiseb Formation of the
Damara Sequence are underlain on the project site. The Kuiseb Formation comprises of
more than 6000m thick succession of mica schist, graphic schist, marble and quartzite.
Biotite schist is the dominating rock type identified on the project site. Minor strata of
micaceous quartzite, feldspathic schist and amphibole schist are also present (Grunert,
2003).
The project site is generally uneven with rock outcrops at places. Natural slopes are
seen near natural drainage courses on the project site. The soil is suitable for
development however the soil is also erodible and should not be used for building of
infrastructure. Removing soil and using it for building purposes could cause erosion.
Any additional filling material required for the creation of the platforms should be
obtained from commercially approved suppliers.
8.5. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The character of the surrounding land is already of an industrial nature. Establishing the
tyre pyrolysis plant on Portion 15 will thus not have further negative impacts on the
neighbourhood as people are already used to the daily movement of construction
vehicles, large trucks as well as the operations of manufacturing facilities in this area.
The project site will be properly serviced by bulk services constructed to municipal
standards and therefore be of limited nuisance to the surrounding landowners.
The tyre pyrolysis plant is expected to provide employment for ±15 people in the
construction phase and in the operational phase for ±10 people. Some of the jobs to be
created are drivers, tyre collectors, managers, operators, administrative officers and
cleaners. Employment creation will have a positive impact.
8.6. CLIMATE
No specific climate data is available for Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands
South No 308, Otjozondjupa Region however in general the area is characterized with a
semi-arid highland savannah climate typified as very hot in summer and moderate dry in
winter. The highest temperatures are measured in December with an average daily
temperature of maximum 31ºC and a minimum of 17ºC. The coldest temperatures,
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 45
conversely, are measured in July with an average daily maximum of 20ºC and minimum
6ºC (Weather - the Climate in Namibia, 1998 – 2012). The area therefore has low frost
potential.
Rainfall in the form of thunderstorms is experienced in the area during the summer
months between October and April. The annual average rainfall is 350mm to 400mm
however the average evaporation rate is 3 400mm a year (Weather - the Climate in
Namibia, 1998 – 2012). Over 70% of the rainfall occurs in the in the summer months’
period between November and March. Rainfall in the area is typically sporadic and
unpredictable however the average highest rainfall months are January to March.
The prevailing wind direction is expected to prevent the spread of any nuisance namely
noise and smell. The predominant wind in the region is easterly with westerly winds
from September to December (Weather - the Climate in Namibia, 1998 – 2012).
Extreme winds are experienced in the months of August and September and thus
significant wind erosion on disturbed areas is visible.
(Atlas of Namibia Project, 2002)
8.7. HYDROLOGICAL COMPONENT
The area where the project site is located has generally a low to average groundwater
potential from a permeability and yield perspective (Grunert, 2003). However,
groundwater is one of the important water sources and the protection thereof should be
regarded as a high priority. The main uses of water in the area are for business,
industrial and domestic purposes and agriculture and farming activities.
Although most of the surface water evaporates, runoff can be expected due to the
impermeability of soils (Grunert, 2003). The storage and accumulation of substances,
which might pollute river courses or basins because of surface water drainage, should
be prevented. No potential pollutants should be channeled or directed towards any
rivers.
Figure 28: Average annual temperatures in Namibia
Project Site
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 46
From the hydrological assessment perspective, no major geological structures that will
enhance groundwater recharge or flow are evident on the proposed project site and the
development that will take place will not pose any long-term negative effects on the
hydrological cycle (Grunert, 2003).
8.8. CULTURAL HERITAGE
The proposed project site is not known to have any historical significance prior to or after
Independence in 1990. The specific area does not have any National Monuments and
the specific site has no record of any cultural or historical importance or on-site
resemblance of any nature. No graveyard or related article was found on the site.
9. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
The Environmental Impact Assessment sets out potential positive and negative
environmental impacts associated with the proposed project site which is located on
Portion 15 of the Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No 308, Otjozondjupa Region.
The following assessment methodology will be used to examine each impact identified,
see Table below:
Impact Evaluation Criterion (DEAT 2006)
Criteria Rating (Severity)
Impact Type +VE Positive
O No Impact
-VE Negative
Significance of impact being either
L Low (Little or no impact)
M Medium (Manageable impacts)
H High (Adverse impact)
Probability: Duration:
5 – Definite/don’t know 5 - Permanent
4 – Highly probable 4 – Long-term (impact ceases)
3 – Medium probability 3 – Medium term (5 – 15 years)
2 – Low probability 2 – Short-term (0 – 5 years)
1 – Improbable 1 - Immediate
0 - None
Scale: Magnitude:
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 47
5 – International 10 – Very high/don’t know
4 – National 8 - High
3 – Regional 6 - Moderate
2 – Local 4 - Low
1 – Site only 2 - Minor
0 - None
10. POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT
The Environmental Impact Assessment carried out identified the negative and positive
impacts on the socio-economic environment especially relating to the long term health
and safety of people involved in the operations and residing or working in the immediate
surroundings of the site as well as the impacts on the bio-physical environment. The
proposed project has been evaluated over the different stages of the project cycle
namely:
- Planning
- Construction
- Operations
- Decommissioning
During the EIA the following impacts were identified and evaluated:
Flue and Greenhouse gas emissions
Energy consumption and requirements
Social and cultural issues
Water usage and requirements
Ecological impacts
Dust pollution and air quality
Noise impact
Health, safety and security
Contamination of groundwater
Sedimentation and erosion
Generation of and management of building, household and noxious waste
Contamination of surface water
Traffic and road safety
Fires and explosions
Storage of tyres and harmful substances
Sense of Place and general ambiance
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 48
11. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The overview/summary of the Environmental Impact Assess is presented in Table 2
below. The activities identified that could potentially have significant environmental
impacts have been identified and is discussed in the section below Table 2. Mitigatory
actions for activities with negative impacts are also included in these discussions.
Table 2: Summary of Impacts Phase Aspect/ Activity Impact
Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance of
Impact
- Unmitigated
- Mitigated
Construction Energy
consumption/
requirements
O 3 3 4 3 - M
- L
Social and
Cultural
+VE 4 5 4 3 - L
- L
Water Usage -VE 3 4 6 4 - M
- M
Ecology -VE 3 4 6 4 - M
- M
Dust & Air
Quality
-VE 3 4 6 4 - M
- M
Noise -VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
Safety & Security -VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
Groundwater -VE 3 4 6 3 - M
- M
Erosion and
Sedimentation
-VE 1 3 4 2 - M
- M
Waste -VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
Surface water -VE 2 3 6 2 - M
- M
Traffic -VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
Fires and
Explosions
-VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
Nuisance
Pollution
-VE 1 4 6 3 - M
- M
Operation Emissions -VE 3 4 6 3 - M
- M
Wastewater -VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
Ecology -VE 1 4 6 3 - M
- M
Dust & Air
Quality
-VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
Groundwater
contamination
-VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 49
Waste
Generation
-VE 1 4 6 3 - M
- M
Failure of
Reticulation
Pipeline
-VE 1 4 6 3 - M
- M
Fires and
Explosions
-VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
Safety & Security -VE 1 4 6 3 - M
- M
Storage -VE 1 4 6 3 - M
- M
Cumulative
Impacts
-VE 2 4 6 3 - M
- M
The impacts on the receiving environment are discussed in the paragraphs below.
11.1. IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Some of the impacts that the development has on the environment includes water will be
used for the construction and operation activities, electricity will be used, a sewer system
will be constructed, and wastewater will be produced on the site that will have to be
handled.
11.1.1. ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND REQUIREMENTS
The electricity consumed during construction is expected to vary however the electricity
consumed during operation has been estimated at 200 kWh daily. Energy/electricity
usage is not expected to be an issue however it is recommended to use
energy/electricity only when needed.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Energy O 3 3 4 3 M L
11.1.2. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES
The tyre pyrolysis plant is expected to provide employment for ±15 people in the
construction phase and in the operational phase for ±10 people. Some of the jobs to be
created are drivers, tyre collectors, managers, operators, administrative officers and
cleaners. Employment creation will have a positive impact.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 50
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Social and Cultural
+VE 4 3 4 3 L L
11.1.3. WATER USAGE AND REQUIREMENTS
Water is a scarce resource in Namibia and therefore water usage should be monitored
and limited in order to prevent unnecessary wastage. The proposed tyre pyrolysis plant
will make use of water in its construction phase and operations however it is not
anticipated that it will entirely be water-based operations. The emission control
equipment (wet scrubber) will consume 0.7 m³ per day. All pipes and tanks should be
checked and monitored in order to prevent water being lost due to leakages.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Water Usage
-VE 3 4 6 4 M M
11.1.4. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
The proposed tyre pyrolysis plant will be constructed in a semi disturbed natural area
which is sparsely covered with vegetation. Special care should be taken to limit the
destruction or damage of the vegetation. However, impacts on fauna and flora are
expected to be minimal. Disturbance of areas outside the designated working zone is
not allowed.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Ecology -VE 3 4 6 4 M M
11.1.5. DUST POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY
Dust generated during the transportation of building materials; construction and
installation of bulk services, and problems thereof are expected to be low and site
specific due to the sandy nature of the top soils. Dust is expected to be worse during the
winter months when strong winds occur. Release of various particulates from the site
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 51
during the construction phase and exhaust fumes from vehicles and machinery related to
the construction of bulk services are also expected to take place. Dust is regarded as a
nuisance as it reduces visibility, affects the human health and retards plant growth.
It is recommended that regular dust suppression be included in the construction
activities, when dust becomes an issue. No unnecessary revving of engines or
operation of vehicles is allowed. In general, the servicing of these extensions is
envisaged to have minimal impacts on the surrounding air quality.
Impact evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Dust & Air Quality
-VE 3 4 6 4 M M
11.1.6. NOISE IMPACT
An increase of ambient noise levels at the proposed site is expected due to the
construction activities. Noise pollution due to excavation, heavy-duty equipment and
machinery will be generated.
It is not expected that the noise generated during construction will impact any third
parties due to the distance of the neighbouring activities. Ensure all mufflers on vehicles
are in full operational order; and any audio equipment should not be played at levels
considered intrusive by others. Construction works should not be carried out during
undue hours or at nighttime. The construction staff should be equipped with ear
protection equipment.
In the operational phase of the plant, noise will be produced through a shredder, valves
and pumps. The expected noise level at 500 m and 1000 m will be 58 dBA and 45 dBA
respectively. The noise level will be inline within the prescribed limits of industrial noise.
Impact evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Noise -VE 2 4 6 3 M M
11.1.7. HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY
The safety, security and health of the labour force, employees and general public are of
great importance. Workers should be orientated with the maintenance of safety and
health procedures and they should be provided with PPE (Proper Protective Equipment).
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 52
A health and safety officer should be employed to manage, coordinate and monitor risk
and hazard and report all health and safety related issues in the workplace.
Safety issues could arise from the earthmoving equipment and tools that will be used on
site during the construction phase. This increases the possibility of injuries and the
contractor must ensure that all staff members are made aware of the potential risks of
injuries on site. The presence of equipment lying around on site may also encourage
criminal activities (theft).
Sensitize operators of earthmoving equipment and tools to switch off engines of vehicles
or machinery not being used. The contractor is advised to ensure that the team is
equipped with first aid kits and that they are available on site, always. Workers should
be equipped with adequate personal protective gear and properly trained in first aid and
safety awareness.
No open flames, smoking or any potential sources of ignition should be allowed at the
project location. Signs such as ‘NO SMOKING’ must be prominently displayed in parts
where inflammable materials are stored on the premises. Proper barricading and/or
fencing around the site especially trenches for pipes and drains should be erected to
avoid entrance of animals and/or unauthorized persons. Safety regulatory signs should
be placed at strategic locations to ensure awareness. Adequate lighting within and
around the construction locations should be erected, when visibility becomes an issue.
Impact evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Safety & Security
-VE 2 4 6 3 M M
11.1.8. CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER
Care must be taken to avoid contamination of soil and groundwater. Use drip trays when
doing maintenance on machinery. Maintenance should be done on dedicated areas with
linings or concrete flooring. The risk can be lowered further through proper training of
staff. All spills must be cleaned up immediately. Excavations should be backfilled and
sealed with appropriate material, if it is not to be used further. Fuel oil that is produced
and handled can pollute ground and surface water if not handled and stored properly.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Groundwater -VE 3 4 6 3 M M
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 53
11.1.9. SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION
Vegetation stabilizes the area against wind erosion. Vegetation clearance and creation
of impermeable surfaces could result in erosion in areas across the proposed area. The
clearance of vegetation will further reduce the capacity of the land surface to slow down
the flow of surface water, thus decreasing infiltration, and increasing both the quantity
and velocity of surface water runoff. The proposed construction activities will increase
the number of impermeable surfaces and therefore decrease the amount of groundwater
infiltration. As a result, the amount of storm water during rainfall events could increase.
If proper storm water management measures are not implemented this will impact
negatively on the water courses close to the site.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Erosion and Sedimentati
on
-VE 1 3 4 2 M M
11.1.10. GENERATION OF WASTE
This can be in a form of rubble, cement bags, pipe and electrical wire cuttings. This
waste should be gathered and stored in enclosed containers to prevent it from being
blown away by the wind. Contaminated soil due to oil leakages, lubricants and grease
from the construction equipment and machinery may also be generated during the
construction phase. It is expected that ±15 workers will be employed on site that will
produce domestic waste.
The oil leakages, lubricants and grease must be addressed. Contaminated soil must be
removed and disposed off at a hazardous waste landfill. The contractor must provide
containers on-site, to store any hazardous waste produced. Regular inspection and
housekeeping procedure monitoring should be maintained by the contractor. Waste
should be stored, recycled and removed from site to a designated waste landfill site.
Metal waste and other scrap should be sent to a recycling facility.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Waste -VE 2 4 6 3 M M
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 54
11.1.11. CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATER
Contamination of surface water might occur through oil leakages, lubricants and grease
from the equipment and machinery during the installation, construction and maintenance
of bulk services at the site. Oil spills may form a film on water surfaces in the nearby
streams causing physical damage to water-borne organisms.
Machinery should not be serviced at the construction site to avoid spills. All spills should
be cleaned up as soon as possible. Hydrocarbon contaminated clothing or equipments
should not be washed within 25m of any surface water body.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Surface water
-VE 2 3 6 2 M M
11.1.12. TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY
All drivers of delivery vehicles and construction machinery should have the necessary
driver’s licenses and documents to operate these machines. Speed limit warning signs
must be erected to minimise accidents. Heavy-duty vehicles and machinery must be
tagged with reflective signs or tapes to maximize visibility and avoid accidents.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Traffic -VE 2 4 6 3 M M
11.1.13. FIRES AND EXPLOTIONS
There should be enough water available for firefighting purposes. Ensure that all fire-
fighting devices are in good working order and are serviced. All personnel must be
trained about responsible fire protection measures and good housekeeping such as the
removal of flammable materials on site. Regular inspections should be carried out to
inspect and test firefighting equipment by the contractor.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 55
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Fires and Explosions
-VE 2 4 6 3 M M
11.1.14. SENSE OF PLACE AND GENERAL AMBIANCE
The placement, design and construction of the proposed tyre pyrolysis plant should be
as such as to have the least possible impact on the natural environment. The proposed
activities will not have a large/negative impact on the sense of place in the area since it
will be constructed in a manner that will not affect the neighbouring portions and it will
not be visually unpleasing.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Nuisance Pollution
-VE 1 4 6 3 M M
11.2. IMPACTS DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE
11.2.1. FLUE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
The pyrolysis plant will not contribute to GHG emissions as it does not require oxygen,
thus does not produce CO². The waste does not comprise of halogens, therefore there
will be no hazardous emissions. The production of hydrogen chloride (HCI) is avoided
by the absence of polyvinyl chlorine (PVC) in the mixed plastic waste. Rubber, carbon
black, metal, textile, zinc oxide, sulphur and additives will however contribute to
hydrogen chloride. The particulate matter will comprise of carbon black, sulphur, zinc
oxide, clay filler, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and silicates (EPA, 1991).
The pyrolysis units are expected to have minimal air pollution impacts since most of the
pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis process will be burned as fuel in the process.
During burning, the organic compounds will be destroyed. Assuming complete
combustion, the products will be water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen from excess
gas and hydrogen from pyrolysis gas. The table below shows the composition of
pyrolytic gas used for energy recovery in the gas burner:
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 56
A wet scrubber should be used in order to minimise the impacts that emissions may
have on the environment. A wet scrubber is wetted packed towers to reduce gas. The
scrubber is used to remove contaminants namely NO×, SO×, fly ash and particulate
matter from the gas stream by passing the stream through a packed structure which
provides a wetted surface area to reduce contact between the gas and the scrubbing
liquor. The contaminant is absorbed into or reacted with the scrubbing liquor. A
demister is fitted at the top of the tower to prevent entrainment of droplets of the
scrubbing liquor into the extraction system or stack. See below an example of a wet
scrubber:
Fugitive emissions will comprise of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Approximately
100 MT of tyres per day, 50 kg of VOC are emitted (EPA, 1991). It is estimated that the
plant (5 MT/day) will produce 2.5 kg of VOC per day. VOC will be reduced through
supervision, maintenance practices, training of personnel and the use of specific
components (valves, pumps, compressors).
Table 3: Gas Composition from Pyrolysis (EPA, 1991)
Figure 29: Wet Scrubber Image
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 57
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Emissions -VE 3 4 6 3 M L
11.2.2. WASTEWATER GENERATION Employees will produce domestic wastewater and water will be used in the scrubber
liquor in the flue gas cleaning operation. Ozone and sulphuric acid are formed in the
cleaning operation. The wastewater produced must be treated. The wastewater will be
pumped into bag filters and then recycled to the spray nozzles of the wet scrubber. The
particulate solids will be collected and dried prior to disposal at the landfill.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Wastewater -VE 2 4 6 3 M M
11.2.3. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
Staff and visitors should only make use of walkways and existing roads to minimise the
impact on vegetation. No firewood may be collected on the site. Minimise the area of
disturbance by restricting movement to the designated working areas during
maintenance and drives.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Ecology -VE 1 4 6 3 M M
11.2.4. DUST POLLUTION, ODOUR AND AIR QUALITY
Vehicles transporting goods and staff will contribute to the release of hydrocarbon
vapours, carbon monoxide and sulphur oxides into the air. Possible release of sewer
odour, due to sewer system failure of maintenance might also occur. Odour due to the
burning of tyres may also occur. All maintenance of bulk services and infrastructure at
the project site must be designed to enable environmental protection.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 58
The site should be enclosed to avoid causing dust nuisance to the neighbouring
activities. The project area should be sprayed with grey water to reduce dust generation.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Dust & Air Quality
-VE 2 4 6 3 M M
11.2.5. CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER
Spillages might also occur during maintenance of the sewer system. This could have
impacts on groundwater especially in cases of large sewer spills. Proper containment
should be used in cases of sewerage system maintenance to avoid any possible
leakages. Oil and chemical spillages may have a heath impact on groundwater users.
Potential impact on the natural environment from possible polluted groundwater also
exits.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Groundwater
contamination
-VE 2 4 6 3 M M
11.2.6. GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE
Household waste from the activities at the tyre pyrolysis plant and from the staff working
at the site will be generated. This waste will be collected, sorted to be recycled and
stored in on site for transportation and disposal at an approved landfill site.
Figure 30: Noise Exposure Limits and Times
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 59
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Waste Generation
-VE 1 4 6 3 M M
11.2.7. FAILURE IN RETICULATION PIPELINES
There may be a potential release of sewage, stormwater or water into the environment
due to pipeline/system failure. As a result, the spillage could be released into the
environment and could potentially be health hazard to surface and groundwater. Proper
reticulation pipelines and drainage systems should be installed. Regular bulk services
infrastructure and system inspection should be conducted.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Failure of Reticulation
Pipeline
-VE 1 4 6 3 M M
11.2.8. FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS
Food will be prepared on gas fired stoves. There should be enough water available for
firefighting purposes. Ensure that all fire-fighting devices are in good working order and
are serviced. All personnel must be trained about responsible fire protection measures
and good housekeeping such as the removal of flammable materials on site. Regular
inspections should be carried out to inspect and test firefighting equipment by the
contractor.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Fires and Explosions
-VE 2 4 6 3 M M
11.2.9. HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY
The safety, security and health of the labour force, employees and neighbours are of
great importance, workers should be orientated with the maintenance of safety and
health procedures and they should be provided with PPE (Proper Protective Equipment)
such as gloves, helmet and steel-toes shoes. Workers should be warned not to
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 60
approach or chase any wild animals occurring on the site. A health and safety officer
should be appointed on site.
No open flames, smoking or any potential sources of ignition should be allowed at the
project location. Signs such as ‘NO SMOKING’ must be prominently displayed in parts
where inflammable materials are stored on the premises. Fire extinguishers should be
placed on site. No open-air burning will be allowed near the storage facility and plant.
No welding or heat generating devices is allowed near the site.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Safety & Security
-VE 1 4 6 3 M M
11.2.10. STORAGE OF TYRES AND HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
There are risks associated with storage of scrap tyres and waste plastics. Tyre fires if
not managed can cause environmental and air pollution. This may cause health
problems such as skin and eye irritation, cancer and nervous system ailments.
There is also a possibility for tyre leachate; this may contaminate groundwater, surface
water and soil. Improper storage of tyres may become a breeding ground for
mosquitoes, rodents and other animals. Therefore, the storage of tyres should be away
from surface water courses, flood zones and groundwater recharge points. The storage
area should have a concrete flooring to prevent leachate. Flammable or combustible
liquids should not be stored near the tyre storage site.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Storage -VE 1 4 6 3 M M
11.3. CUMMULATIVE IMPACTS
These are impacts on the environment, which results from the incremental impacts of the
construction and operation of the proposed tyre pyrolysis plant when added to other
past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what person
undertakes such other actions. Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor
but collectively significant actions taking place over time. In relation to an activity, it
means the impact of an activity that in it may not become significant when added to the
existing and potential impacts resulting from similar of diverse activities or undertakings
in the area.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 61
Possible cumulative impacts associated with the proposed project includes sewer
damages/maintenance, vegetation and animal disturbance, uncontrolled traffic and
destruction of the natural environment. These impacts could become significant
especially if it is not properly supervised and controlled. This could collectively impact
on the environmental conditions in the area. Cumulative impacts could occur in both the
operational and the construction phase.
Impact Evaluation
Aspect Impact Type
Scale Duration Magnitude Probability Significance
Unmitigated Mitigated
Cumulative Impacts
-VE 2 4 6 3 M M
12. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides management options to ensure
impacts of the proposed construction and operation of the tyre pyrolysis plant are
minimised. An EMP is an environmental management tool used to ensure that undue or
reasonably avoidable adverse impacts of the operations are prevented, and the positive
benefits of the projects are enhanced.
The objectives of the EMP are:
to include all components of the proposed project;
to prescribe the best practicable control methods to lessen the environmental
impacts associated with the project;
to monitor and audit the performance of the project personnel in applying such
controls; and
To ensure that appropriate environmental training is provided to responsible
project personnel.
The EMP acts as a document that can be used during the various phases of the
proposed project. The contractor constructing the tyre pyrolysis plant and associated
facilities as well as the management and staff should be made aware of the contents of
the EMP. See Appendix for EMP.
13. CONCLUSION
The EIA has been completed in line with the requirements of the Environmental
Management Act, 2007 and Regulations and it is concluded and recommended that the
specific site identified for the construction and operation of the tyre pyrolysis plant has
the full potential to be used for the proposed activities. The identified environmental and
social impacts can be minimized and managed through implementing preventative
measures and sound management systems. It is recommended that the environmental
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 62
performance be monitored regularly to ensure compliance and that corrective measures
be taken if necessary.
In general, the construction and operation of the proposed plant would pose limited
environmental risks, provided that the EMP for the activity is used properly during the
planning, construction and operational phases. The EMP should be used as an onsite
tool during the construction and operation of the project. Parties responsible for non-
conformances of the EMP should be held responsible for any rehabilitation that has to
be undertaken.
After assessing all information available on this project, Green Earth Environmental
Consultants are of the opinion that the proposed project site is suitable for the proposed
establishment of the tyre pyrolysis plant. The accompanying EMP will focus on
mitigation measures that will remediate or eradicate the negative or adverse impacts.
14. RECOMMENDATION
It is therefore recommended that the Ministry of Environment and Tourism through the
Environmental Commissioner support and approve the Environmental Clearance for: A
TYRE PYROLYSIS PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OIL/DIESEL, CARBON
BLACK, GAS AND STEEL ON PORTION 15 OF FARM OTJIWARONGO
TOWNLANDS SOUTH NO. 308 and to issue an Environmental Clearance for the
following ‘Listed Activities’:
WASTE MANAGEMENT, TREATMENT, HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
ACTIVITIES
2.1 The construction of facilities for waste sites, treatment of waste and disposal
of waste.
2.2 Any activity entailing a scheduled process referred to in the Atmospheric
Pollution Prevention Ordinance, 1976.
2.3 The import, processing, use and recycling, temporary storage, transit or
export of waste.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TREATMENT, HANDLING AND STORAGE
9.1 The manufacturing, storage, handling or processing of a hazardous
substance defined in the Hazardous Substances Ordinance, 1974.
9.2 Any process or activity which requires a permit, licence or other form of
authorisation, or the modification of or changes to existing facilities for any
process or activity which requires an amendment of an existing permit, licence or
authorisation or which requires a new permit, licence or authorisation in terms of
a law governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution, effluent or
waste.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 63
LIST OF REFERENCES
Atlas of Namibia Project, 2002. Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and
Tourism. http://www.unikoeln.de/sfb389/e/e1/download/atlasnamibia/pics/climate/temperature-
annual.jpg [accessed: February 19, 2014].
Christelis, G.M. & Struckmeier, W. 2001. Groundwater in Namibia, an Explanation of the
Hydrogeological Map. Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development. Windhoek. Namibia,
pp 128.
Commencement of the Environmental Management Act, 2012. Ministry of Environment and
Tourism. Windhoek. Namibia, pp. 3 – 22.
Constitution of the Republic of Namibia, 1990. National Legislative Bodies. Namibia, pp. 6 – 63.
DEAT. 2006 Guideline 4: Public Participation in support of the Environmental Impact Assessment
Regulations, 2006. Integrated Environmental Management Guideline Series, Department of
Environmental Affiars and Tourism (DEAT, Pretoria.
DEAT. 2006 Guideline 5: Assessment of Alternatives and Impacts in support of the
Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2006. Integrated Environmental Management
Guideline Series, Department of Environmental Affiars and Tourism (DEAT, Pretoria.
Environmental Management Act, 2007. Ministry of Environment and Tourism. Windhoek.
Namibia, pp. 4 - 32.
Forestry Act, 2001. Office of the Prime Minister. Windhoek. Namibia, pp. 9 – 31.
Grunert, N. 2003. Namibia Fascination of Geology: A Travel Handbook. Windhoek. Klaus Hess
Publishers. pp. 35 – 38.
Mannheimer, C. & Curtis, B. 2009. Le Roux and Muller’s Guide to the Trees & Shrubs of Namibia.
Windhoek: Macmillan Education Namibia, pp. 249 – 439.
Namibian Environmental Assessment Policy, 1995. Ministry of Environment and Tourism.
Windhoek. Namibia, pp. 3 – 7.
Nature Conservation Ordinance, 1975. Windhoek. Namibia, pp. 4 – 47.
Soil Conservation Act, 1969. Office of the Prime Minister. Windhoek. Namibia, pp. 1 – 14.
Water Resource Management Act, 2004. Office of the Prime Minister. Windhoek. Namibia, pp. 6
– 67.
Weather - the Climate in Namibia, 2012. http://www.info-namibia.com/en/info/weather [accessed:
June 24, 2013].
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 64
APPENDIX A: NEWSPAPER NOTICES
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APPENDIX B: BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT
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APPENDIX C: LIST OF I&APS
'amakalim@mawf.gov.na';
'bertam.swartz@mawf.gov.na';
'bertram.swartz@mawf.gov.na';
'Cane' <caneshivute@gmail.com>;
'damian nchindo' <damian.nchindo@met.gov.na>;
'dePaauwe@ra.org.na';
'du Plessis Nicolaas' <PlessisN@namwater.com.na>;
'Elmarie du Toit' <elmarie@dutoitplan.com>;
'enquiries@otjimun.org.na';
'ferdinand.ganaseb@transnamib.com.na';
'franciskus.witbooi@mawf.gov.na';
'gabes.shihepo@outlook.com';
'Grant Cloete' <grant.cloete@sascoafrica.com>;
'info@agrinamibia.com.na'
'info@namwater.com.na';
'info@ncci.org.na';
'joagh007@gmail.com';
'Liezle.duPlessis@ndc.org.na';
'MurangiJ@namwater.com.na';
'nat.control@nampower.com.na';
'Ralphton.VanWyk@ndc.org.na';
'Rene De Wet' <rene@Otjimun.org.na>;
'Saima Angula' <saima@webmail.co.za>;
'sakeus.ihemba@mawf.gov.na';
'Theo.Nicodemus@ndc.org.na';
'Uparura.Kuvare@nida.com.na';
'vmwazi@live.com';
'webinfo@nampower.com.na';
'Werner van Riet' <werner.vanriet@cgnpc.com.cn>;
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APPENDIX D: COMMENTS FROM I&APS
Comments Dear Sir/Madam
Green Earth Environmental Consultants are conducting an Environmental Impact
Assessment for the construction and operation of a tyre pyrolysis plant for the recycling
of end of life/used tyres for the production of oil/diesel, carbon black, gas and steel on
Portion 15 of the Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands South No. 308, Otjozondjupa Region.
You have been identified as an Interested and Affected Party to the proposed activity.
See attached a Background Information Document which provides information on the
proposed activity, the possible impacts on the receiving environment and the
environmental assessment process to be followed.
Should you have any questions regarding the project, please contact Green Earth
Environmental Consultants at the contact details provided on Page 1 of this document.
The closing date for any questions, comments, inputs or information on the proposed
project is 24 May 2019.
A public meeting will be held only if there is enough public interest. Only I&APs that
registered will be notified of the possible public meeting to be held.
Kind regards
Carien
Morning Ms van der Walt
Portion 15 currently has access from a private/municipal road (that runs south-eastwards
towards the town and joins the D2440) and not a district road. District road D2430
commences on the western side of the B1 and runs westwards. The access point of the
private/municipal road onto the B1 is for the Roads Authority problematic as this creates
with the D2430 a cross intersection that is potentially very dangerous for users of the B1
and should be closed. Please see attached Google Earth image and copy of SPC
drawing indicating future road along route A-B which should be used as access from the
D2440 northwards to the pyrolysis plant.
Regards
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EAM de Paauw
From: Abraham Kanime <itemb.kan@gmail.com> Sent: Wednesday, May 8, 2019 4:00 PM To: charlie@greenearthnamibia.com Subject: I&AP for proposed Pyrolysis Plant Good day, May you please register me as Interested Party for this project EIA. Name: Abraham Kanime Specific interest: air quality, waste management and supply of waste tyres Please share draft scoping report. Regards, Abraham From: Rene De Wet <rene@Otjimun.org.na>
Sent: Monday, May 27, 2019 12:18 PM
To: Carien <carien@greenearthnamibia.com>
Subject: FW: Background Information Document - Portion 15 of the Farm Otjiwarongo
Townlands South No 308, Otjozondjupa Region
Good morning
Below is confirmation from our front desk that no enquiries or comments were received.
Regards, Rene
From: Adelma Seibes <enquiries@Otjimun.org.na>
Sent: Monday, 27 May 2019 12:12 PM
To: Rene De Wet <rene@Otjimun.org.na>
Subject: RE: Notices - Consent and EIA - Portion 15 of Farm Otjiwarongo Townlands
South No. 308
Hi Rene
No objection that I can find on Adelma’s computer.
From: Miriam Gomes <miriam@Otjimun.org.na>
Sent: Monday, 27 May 2019 9:17 AM
To: Rene De Wet <rene@Otjimun.org.na>
Subject: RE: Background Information Document - Portion 15 of the Farm Otjiwarongo
Townlands South No 308, Otjozondjupa Region
Good morning Rene
In front office there were not any objections received. I will check with Adelma office
whether she have and let you know.
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 72
Regards
From: Rene De Wet
Sent: Monday, May 27, 2019 8:13 AM
To: Miriam Gomes; Adelma Seibes
Subject: FW: Background Information Document - Portion 15 of the Farm Otjiwarongo
Townlands South No 308, Otjozondjupa Region
Morning Ladies
Can you kindly confirm if any comments were received on the notice for the EIA being
conducted?
Regards, Rene
From: Werner van Riet <werner.vanriet@cgnpc.com.cn> Sent: Monday, April 29, 2019 10:21 AM To: charlie@greenearthnamibia.com; carien@greenearthnamibia.com Subject: Recycling of used tyre Good morning Hope all is well , Could you please give more details concerning the above as we are in the process of looking for someone to dispose/Sell our tyres , We have the world’s biggest tyres on site 59/80R63. Thank you very much Kind Regards … Werner Werner Van Riet Team Leader Tyre Mining Maintenance <image005.png> Husab Mine I Swakopmund I Namibia PO Box 8667 I Swakopmund I Namibia Direct Extension : +264 (0) 64 – 411 1241 Mobile : +264 (0) 81 224 6333 E-mail : Werner.Vanriet@cgnpc.com.cn Website : www.swakopuranium.com From: charlie@greenearthnamibia.com [mailto:charlie@greenearthnamibia.com] Sent: Monday, April 29, 2019 4:53 PM To: 'Werner van Riet'; carien@greenearthnamibia.com; 'Joagh Matsi' Subject: RE: Recycling of used tyre Dear Werner Your email below refers. Please note that we are only doing the EIA on this project. Our client, Mr Joagh Matsi, will definitely be interested in sourcing tyres from you. I
GREEN EARTH Environmental Consultants 73
copied him in this email and trust that he will be in contact with you in this regard. Kind regards Charlie
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APPENDIX E: DEED OF TRANSFER
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APPENDIX F: LEASE AGREEMENT
(the complete copy is available on request)
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APPENDIX G: CURRICULUM VITAE OF CHARLIE DU TOIT
1. NAME : Charlie du Toit
2. DATE OF BIRTH : 29 October 1960
3. NATIONALITY : Namibian
4. EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING:
Institution: Boland Agricultural High School, Paarl, Republic of
South Africa
Date :from (month / year) :
To (month / year) :
January 1974
December 1978
Diploma obtained: Grade 12
Institution: University of Stellenbosch, RSA
Date :from (month / year) :
To (month / year) :
1979
1982
Certificate obtained: BSc Agric Hons (Chemistry, Agronomy and Soil
Science)
Institution: University of Stellenbosch, RSA
Date :from (month / year) :
To (month / year) :
1985
1987
Degree obtained: Hons B (B + A) in Business Administration and
Management
5. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE (most recent experience first):
EXPERIENCE (SELECTED RECORDS)
Name of Project Date Client
EIA Omaruru Trade and Industrial
Estate which includes a service
station on a portion of the Remainder
of Portion B and Portion 57 of
Omaruru Town and Townlands No. 85
2015 NDC
EIA Kwando North Gateway Resort in
the Babatwa Park
2015 Mufiljo Investment CC
EIA Farm Wanderdunen No. 23
Rezoning to Industrial
2014 Private owners and developers
EIA Service Station on Portion 52 of
Farm Koichas No. 89, Mariental
2014 Private owners and developers
ERF 1581 Rundu, Regional Head
Office of Ministry of Agriculture, Water
and Forestry. EIA for closure of public
2013 NDC/Ministry of Agriculture,
Water and Forestry
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open space and rezoning of erf
EIA Erf 376, Outjo development of
Tourist Market and SME Center
EIA Omugongo Trade and Industrial
Estate
EIA of for Industrial development on
portion 51 - 52, Dobra
2013 NDC/Ministry of Trade and
Industry
Private Developers
EIA for industrial development on
Portion 428 of Farm Brakwater No. 48
EIA for rezoning of Portion 176 of
Farm Brakwater 48 to industrial
EIA for rezoning to industrial and to
use Portion 87 of Farm Brakwater 48
for a slaughter house
2012 Private owners and developers
Environmental Management Plan
Taranga Island Lodge
EIA Industrial development and use
Portion 35 of Farm Dobra No. 49
2011 Private owners
Layout Planning and Subdivision for
residential development of Portion 33
of Farm Nubaumis No. 37
Layout planning and subdivision for a
residential development on Portions
89 & 90 of Farm Brakwater
Application for Goreangab Waterfront
Development on Erf 3188, Goreangab
under Special Projects Policy of City
of Windhoek
2010 Private owners and developers
Feasibility, layout planning and
subdivision Portion 75 of Okahandja
Town and Townlands
Layout Planning and Subdivision of
Oshakati Town and Townlands No.
880
EIA Portion 24 of Farm Brakwater No.
48
Layout Planning and Subdivision of
Portion 24 of Farm Brakwater No. 48
2009 NDC
NDC
Private Developer
Layout Planning and Subdivision –
new Dairy Production Unit, Farm
Purple Gold 511, Seëis
2008 Private Developer
Layout Planning and Subdivision
Farm Arcadia No. 134, Seëis
2008 Private Developer
Assisting in the Layout Planning and
Formalization of Sukulu Wildlife
Development, Farm Augeigas
2007 Private Developers
Layout Planning and Subdivision of
various Brakwater Portions:
2006 - 2008 Private Owners and Developers
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Portion Re/38, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 44, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 46, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 48, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 51, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 52, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 55, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 57, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 59, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 62, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 77, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 83, Farm Brakwater No.48
Portion 114, Farm Brakwater No.48
Layout Planning and Subdivision of
various Nubaumis Portions:
Portion 20/59, Farm Nubaumis No. 37
Portion 21, Farm Nubaumis No. 37
Portion 30, Farm Nubaumis No. 37
Portion 45/63, Farm Nubaumis No. 37
2005 -2008 Private Owners and Developers
Layout Planning and Subdivision of
various Dobra Portions:
Portion 12, Farm Dobra No. 49
Portion 17, Farm Dobra No. 49
Portion 18, Farm Dobra No. 49
2005 -2008 Private Owners and Developers
General Manager Commercial and
Marketing – Reporting to the MD -Key
responsibilities:
Marketing - to analyse market trends
and to ensure that customer
expectations were met;
Procurement – To establish, maintain,
develop and optimise sound supplier
relationships;
Inventory management – to optimise
the stockholding of the Group through
the implementation of systems to
manage slow moving and excess
stock, the availability of stock and the
product range;
Logistics – to manage the inbound
supply chain;
2003 - 2005 Pupkewitz Megabuild
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Co-ordination with the operational,
finance and admin and the human
resources functions.
General Manager Trade – Reporting
to the CEO - Key Responsibilities
Determination of Product range and
mix;
The selection of suppliers/vendors
and transporters;
The pricing strategy;
The growth of turnover and the
retention and improvement of
margins;
Inventory management;
The simplification of processes and
tasks at branch level;
The reduction of shrinkage;
The evaluation of Agra business units
on positioning and performances;
Feasibility studies on new
investments.
1995 - 2003 Agra Cooperative Limited
Chief Agricultural Consultant
Agricultural Specialist acting as
project leader on various projects
undertaken by the NDC/FNDC on own
initiative or on behalf of the
governmental or private institutions.
The own NDC operations managed by
myself include the Eersbegin Date
project, the Naute Irrigation project,
the Shitemo project, the Musese
project, the Vungu-Vungu dairy, the
Shadikongoro project and the
Mahangu and Cotton Farmers’
Support programs. Projects managed
on an agency basis are the Etunda
and Omega farmer settlement
schemes. This operations include
about 800 ha under irrigation and 3
000 ha under rain fed conditions.
Crops like mahangu, groundnuts,
cotton, wheat, dates, barley and
vegetables are produced.
1989 - 1995 Pneumatic Green Energy CC in
partnership with the Namibia
Industrial Development Agency
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Agricultural Researcher with the
Department of Agriculture acting as
researcher and assistant other senior
agricultural researcher on various
assignments of the Department
1985 - 1988 Ministry of Agriculture
I hereby declare that the information portrayed in this CV is accurate and true.
__________________________________
Charlie du Toit
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APPENDIX H: CHARLIE DU TOIT IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENT
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APPENDIX I: CURRICULUM VITAE OF CARIEN VAN DER WALT
1. Proposed Position : Environmental Consultant/Practitioner
2. Name : Carien van der Walt
3. Date of Birth : 06 August 1990
4. Nationality : Namibian
5. Education:
Years Institution Degree/Diploma
2009 to 2011 University of Stellenbosch B.A. (Degree) Environment and
Development
2012 to 2013 University of South Africa B.A. (Honours) Environmental
Management
6. Languages:
Language Speaking Reading Writing
English Excellent Excellent Excellent Afrikaans Excellent Excellent Excellent
7. Employment History:
Elmarie Du Toit Town Planning Consultants 2010/2011 Vacation Work
Green Earth Environmental Consultants 2011/2012 Permanent
8. Work undertaken that best illustrates capability to handle the tasks assigned:
Name of assignment or project: Taranga Safari Lodge
Year: 2012
Location: Rundu, Namibia
Client: Mr Cobus Bruwer
Main project features: Environmental Management Plan compilation
Status: Clearance Certificate Obtained
Name of assignment or project: The sand mining operations of Sand Worx CC
Waterfront Development Project
Year: 2012
Location: Windhoek, Namibia
Client: Green Building Construction
Main project features: Environmental Management Plan compilation
Status: Clearance Certificate Obtained
Name of assignment or project: Erf 35, Farm Brakwater No. 48
Year: 2012
Location: Windhoek (Brakwater)
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Client: Ms CJ Maposa
Main project features: Scoping Assessment for Rezoning to Industrial and
Environmental Management Plan
Status: Clearance Certificate Obtained
Name of assignment or project: Erf 176, Farm Brakwater No. 48
Year: 2012
Location: Windhoek (Brakwater)
Client: Mr Andre van Staden
Main project features: Scoping Assessment for Rezoning to Industrial and
Environmental Management Plan
Status: Clearance Certificate Obtained
Name of assignment or project: Erf 428, Farm Brakwater No. 48
Year: 2012
Location: Windhoek (Brakwater)
Client: Mr D Barnard
Main project features: Scoping Assessment for Rezoning to Industrial and
Environmental Management Plan
Status: Clearance Certificate Obtained
Name of assignment or project: Erf 87, Farm Brakwater No. 48
Year: 2012
Location: Windhoek (Brakwater)
Client: Indraai Abattoir
Main project features: Scoping Assessment for Rezoning to Industrial and
Environmental Management Plan
Status: Clearance Certificate Obtained
Name of assignment or project: Areva Uranium Mine
Year: 2012
Location: Swakopmund
Client: Areva Uranium Mine
Main project features: Scoping Assessment for Road Construction and
Environmental Management Plan
Name of assignment or project: Wispeco Namibia
Year: 2012
Location: Windhoek (Northern Industrial Area)
Client: Wispeco Namibia
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Main project features: Environmental Auditing Report for site and
Environmental Management Plan
Name of assignment or project: Tsumeb Industrial Development
Year: 2012
Location: Tsumeb
Client: Sand Worx CC
Main project features: Scoping Assessment for Industrial Development and
Environmental Management Plan
Status: Clearance Certificate Obtained
I hereby declare that the information portrayed in this CV is accurate and true.
__________________________________
Carien van der Walt
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APPENDIX J: CARIEN VAN DER WALT IDENTIFICATION
DOCUMENT
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APPENDIX K: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
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