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CCOP-GSJ/AIST-GAI CASM-AsiaWorkshop on the State-of-the Art of Science and Technology to
Protect the Environment and People
Environmental Sampling for
Mercury StudyDr. B.Tumenbayar*, Dr. S. Murao**, J. Uramgaa*,
T. Maidar* (* BEMM/SFP, Mongolia, **JGS/AIST Japan)
27-29 November 2006, Bandung, Indonesia
This is not mercury sampling
ASM family
During the sampling for mercury study we must always remember properties
of Metallic Mercury (Hg)• Metallic mercury is a liquid at room temperature
(Hg is the only metal with this property)
• Also evaporates to create a vapor at room temperature• Vapor saturation concentration: 13.2 mg/m3 (20°C)*• Vapor has a high absorption rate in the airway (80% or more in
humans)*• Human,inhalation: 150 µg/m3 /46 days** (toxicities reported)
• Human, oral ingection: 43 mg/kg*** (toxicities reported)
• References:* - Preventive Measures against Environmental Mercury Pollution and Its Health Effect. Japan Health Association (2001)** - Archives of Environmental Health 33,186,1978*** - Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology 31, 487,1993
Sampling for Mercury study
• Soil (Surface soil, bottom sediment of river, lake)
• Air (Village center, nomad’s home)
• Water (river and lake)Dr. Viktor Magalambayan’s kindly shared with his sampling methodology, material distributed
• Human exposure (in hair, nail, blood and urine) analyzed by PIXE ( Dr. K.Sera and S. Murao.)
Our survey area was in Northern Forest part of Mongolia
Our survey area named Boroo was near the several hard rock gold deposits, where
active ASM
Sampling of polluted soil is followed by instructions from the Japan Public Health Association. (Preventive Measures against Environmental Mercury Pollution and Health Effect. 2001)
1. Surface soil Sampling• In 1 point we took 5 samples from
different places in 10 cm deep within 900-1000 m3 space.
• Used Shovels • Don’t forget to use Mask, glows
One of surface sampling point. In the each point taken 5 samples.
We are carefully mixed all 5 samples in the pan than took one sample from it. Before we removed foreign objectives ( pebbles, shells, pieces of animals, plants and other) from the sampleAnd stored in Glass can (in our case) or possible use plastic bag, too.
One of our staff was very carifull man, always use mask during the sampling surface dusty soil
2. Bottom soil Sampling
• We also took 5 samples (20 cm deep )in 1 point from different places of river bottom trying to cover more different places
• Used hand made simple grab like EckmanGrab. (possible to use Peterson grab, too)
• Don’t forget to use gloves and robber boots, in case of shallow water.
Eckman grab for sampling bottom if river or lake (we not used)
Eckman Grab for sampling bottom sediment(Peterson Grab also looks same)
In case of shallow water we used Shovel, grab and removed pebbles, shells, pieces of animals, plants and other) from the sample
Always used rubber boots and gloves
In case of need to took detail sample by laeyrs, we dig pit and sampled
Air sampling, it was very complicated for our survey, and didn’t give good result due to strong
wind in Mongolia
Sample storage• Glass container is best (although other container may be also used)• Wash the containers beforehand using hydrochloric acid other
agents free from Mercury
Soil sampling• One Sampling point (mixture of 5 locations about every
1000m2)• Not contain gravel or wood chips• Collect 10 cm of the surface layer (if river or lake from
the bottom)• Remove pebbles, shells, pieces of animals, plants and
other foreign objectives from the sample• Try to collect clay layer under the sand on the bottom of
river• All samples should be well mixed and passed through a
2 mm mesh sieve• Samples should be placed in a stopped glass bottle.• Date, location (GPS), general condition (appearance,
color, smell, impurities etc.) should be recorded.
Some useful information
• The soil surrounding the contamination source should be sampled.• Location and topography (including geological strata if possible)
should be recorded• When contamination source is less than 10 m above the ground and
has radius of 10 m, soil samples should be collected from the intersections of a 30 m grid centered on the contamination source are
• When the contamination source is 20-40 m. above the ground and spread over a radius that exceed 100m, topography and other factors should be considered and samples should be collected from the intersections of 30 m grid oriented in the down-wind direction.
Analytical methods
• Determination of mercury content by means of cold vapor spectrometer
• PIXE analysis (later will be presented by Dr. K.Sera and Dr. S. Murao)
• Possible use another instruments like Lumex (see next page)
Portative Mercury analyzer
Lumex Ltd.Russia190005 St. Petersburg, 19 Moskovsky pr.tel. (812) 718-53-90/91, fax. (812) 718-53-99e-mail: aac@lumex.ru
RESULTof soil sampling in the fences of Bor nuur village.70-85 % of fences has high content of Mercury
Mandal bag
Mandal bag Bichigt district
Bichigt district
Lognormal Distribution of Mercury in the Boroo river Bottom sediment
00.30.60.91.21.51.82.12.42.7
33.33.63.94.2
BS
-300
BS
-305
BS
-310
BS
-315
BS
-320
BS
-325
BS
-330
BS
-335
BS
-340
BS
-345
BS
-350
BS
-355
BS
-360
BS
-365
BS
-370
BS
-375
BS
-380
BS
-385
BS
-397
3680(ppm)
Mer
cury
Boroo river (22.03 km) Kharaa river (18.27 km)
Permissible Hg content
Bayangol(Baruunkharaa)
0.15
Fig.50. Mercury content of the bottom sediments of the Boroo and Kharaa rivers.
Boroo gold recovery plant with mercury spill
Distribution of Mercury in the river
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
Me
rcu
ry c
on
ten
t (p
pb
)
W-5
24W
-528
no d
ata
no d
ata
no d
ata
no d
ata
W-3
99no
dat
ano
dat
ano
dat
ano
dat
ano
dat
ano
dat
ano
dat
aW
-301
W-3
03W
-305
W-3
07W
-309
W-3
11W
-313
W-3
15W
-317
W-3
19W
-321
W-3
23W
-325
W-3
27W
-329
W-3
31W
-333
W-3
35W
-337
W-3
39W
-341
W-3
43W
-345
W-3
47W
-349
W-3
51W
-353
W-3
55W
-357
W-3
59W
-361
W-3
63W
-365
W-3
67W
-369
W-3
71W
-373
W-3
75W
-377
W-3
79W
-381
W-3
83W
-385
W-3
87W
-396
Sample
0.0005
Boroo River
SujigteiKhargana
Zuunmod
Tsagaan chuluut
Ikh Dashir
Boroo River
Permissible Hg content
Kharaa River
Mercury permissible level*• 0.0005 mg/l (ppb) Water pollution control Law of Japan
• Soil 0,15- 0,2 mg/kg (ppm)• If more 1,0 mg/kg (ppm) there is a risk of
discharge from the soil into the other environmental sector
• Mercury contamination in nearby water systems must be therefore also be investigated in this case
References:* - Preventive Measures against Environmental Mercury Pollution and Its Health Effect. Japan Health Association (2001)
• From this study, approximately 2-3 tons of mercury have been show to have accumulated along a distance of 40 kms of the Boroo River and Kharaa River
Soil pollution in fenced-off yards related to urine mercury content
Õº ðñí èé áî õèðäî ë áà õ¿í èé ø ýýñýí äàõü ì º í 㺠í óñí û àãóóëãà
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.027 0.044 0.128 0.343 0.405 5.23
Mercury in households yard ml/kg
Mer
cury
in u
rine
Mkg
/ml
Gantsetseg 41(Sumber) Dolgormaa 20
(Sumber)Amraa 1(Sumber)
Uranchimeg 84(Bayangol)
Oyunsuren 52(bayangol)
Narlagmaa 129(Bornuur)
Permissible Hg content
Perm
issi
ble
Hg
cont
ent
THANK YOU
(please don’t forget take off your gold rings)
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