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Environmental Literacy ProjectMichigan State University
Decomposers Unit Lesson 3 Activity 2
Fungi Digestion and Biosynthesis
How can a fungus digest food without a digestive system?
Digesting OUTSIDE the Body• Fungi can break down polymers (large organic
molecules) OUTSIDE their bodies• The cells in the hyphae send out digestive
enzymes that break the polymer into monomers (small organic molecules)
• The small monomers then can enter the cells of the hyphae and travel through the mycelium
Decomposers use food in two ways
4
Food Digestion
Materialsfor growth:
Biosynthesis
Energy:Cellular
respiration
Where are atoms moving from?
Where are atoms moving to?
The Movement Question
Which atoms and molecules move during digestion and biosynthesis?
amino acids
protein
amino acids
protein
How do amino acids and protein move during digestion?
What happens inside the fungus cell during biosynthesis?
Chemical change
9
Organic moleculesLARGE = Polymer SMALL = Monomers
STARCH
GLUCOSE (SUGAR)
10
Comparing molecules in dead stuff fungi eat
LIPIDS (FAT)
STARCH
PROTEIN CELLULOSE (FIBER)
GLUCOSE (SUGAR)
11
Monomers (small organic molecules)
Red paperclip = amino acid
Blue paperclip = glucose
Green paperclip = fatty acid
Purple paperclip = glycerol
12
Build food (dead stuff) molecules Build a STARCH molecule by linking together 6 glucose monomers.
13
Build food (dead stuff) molecules Build a FAT molecule by linking 3 fatty acid monomers to 1 glycerol molecule.
14
Build food (dead stuff) molecules Build PROTEIN molecules by linking 5 amino acid monomers.
15
Build food (dead stuff) molecules One type of carbohydrate is cellulose, also called fiber. Build a FIBER molecule by linking together 6 glucose monomers.
16
Food (dead stuff) polymers (large organic molecules)
LIPIDS (FAT) =link 3 fatty acid monomers to 1 glycerol
PROTEIN = 5 amino acid monomers
CELLULOSE (FIBER) = 6 glucose monomers
STARCH = 6 glucose monomers
17
Food molecules are dead
things like stumps
Place large food
molecules (dead stuff)
here in trunk
18
Food is digested by
fungal enzymes
outside the fungi’s body
Get ready to digest the
food molecules
here
19
Breakdown Food Molecules (Digestion)
Let’s focus on what happens to PROTEIN in food for fungi (dead stuff).(Put the other food molecules to the side of the poster for now.)
Digest PROTEIN molecules by breaking the protein into individual amino acids.
Chemical change
20
Breakdown Food Molecules (Digestion)
Digest STARCH molecules by breaking the starch into individual glucose monomers.
Chemical change
21
Breakdown Food Molecules (Digestion)
Digest FAT molecules by breaking the fat into individual fatty acid and glycerol monomers.
Chemical change
22
Breakdown Food Molecules (Digestion)
Digest FIBER molecules by breaking the cellulose into individual glucose monomers.
Chemical change
23
Move the small
molecules through the
fungal hyphae
Small molecules are taken up and
transported by fungal hyphae
24
Digested Monomers: where do they go?
glucose
glycerol amino acid
fatty acid
25
Build large molecules
here
Biosynthesis is the process of small organic molecules becoming large organic molecules in all body parts
26
What’s in a fungi (mushroom)?PROTEIN
FIBER
Mushrooms
27
Build a mushroom (Biosynthesis)Build PROTEIN molecules by linking 5 amino acid monomers.
Chemical change
28
Build mushroom (Biosynthesis)Build FIBER molecules by linking 5 glucose monomers.
Chemical change
29
What happens to food monomers that are not used in biosynthesis?
30
…put carbon dioxide from the cellular
respiration now outside the mushroom
31
Identify chemical energy at an atomic molecular scale:
Which molecules have chemical energy?Food
molecules:
Mushroom polymer
molecules:
Fungi food, dead stuff (tree trunk):
Digested monomers in mushroom’s
body:
Example: FAT
Example: AMINO ACID
Example: PROTEIN
Example:CARBOHYDRATES
32
Identify where chemical energy is located (macroscopic scale):
Chemical change
ProductsReactants
Protein polymer(+ water)
33
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion?
Amino acid monomers
Chemical change
ProductsReactants
Protein polymer(+ water)
34
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion?
Amino acid monomers
Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Chemical change
Products
Protein polymer(+ water)
Reactants35
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical
energy in biosynthesis?
Amino acid monomers
Chemical change
Products
Protein polymer(+ water)
Reactants36
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical
energy in biosynthesis?
Amino acid monomers
Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Digestion and biosynthesis of fats and carbohydrates (Optional)
37
Chemical change
Products
Fatty acids+ glycerol
Reactants
Fat(+ water)
38
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion?
Chemical change
Products
Fatty acids+ glycerol
Reactants
Fat(+ water)
39
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion?
Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Chemical change
Products
Fat(+ water)
Reactants40
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical
energy in biosynthesis?
Fatty acids+ glycerol
Chemical change
Products
Fat(+ water)
Reactants41
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical
energy in biosynthesis?
Fatty acids+ glycerol
Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Chemical change
ProductsGlucose monomers
Reactants
Starch polymer(+ water)
42
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion?
Chemical change
ProductsGlucose monomers
Reactants
Starch polymer(+ water)
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion?
43
Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Chemical change
ProductsGlucose monomers
Reactants
Cellulose polymer(+ water)
44
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion?
Chemical change
ProductsGlucose monomers
Reactants
Cellulose polymer(+ water)
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion?
45
Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Chemical change
Products
Starch polymer(+ water)
Reactants46
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical
energy in biosynthesis?
Glucosemonomers
Chemical change
Products
Starch polymer(+ water)
Reactants47
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical
energy in biosynthesis?
Glucosemonomers
Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
48
How do fungi digest dead plants?
Remember: Atoms last forever and Energy lasts forever
What forms of energy are in the reactants?
What molecules are carbon atoms in before the change?
What other molecules are involved?
Where are atoms moving from?
What forms of energy are in the products?
What molecules are carbon atoms in after the change?
What other molecules are produced?
Where are atoms moving to?
Chemical change
49
How do fungi grow?
Remember: Atoms last forever and Energy lasts forever
What forms of energy are in the reactants?
What molecules are carbon atoms in before the change?
What other molecules are involved?
Where are atoms moving from?
What forms of energy are in the products?
What molecules are carbon atoms in after the change?
What other molecules are produced?
Where are atoms moving to?
Chemical change
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