Figure 31.0x Decomposers

Figure 31.1 Fungal mycelia

Figure 31.2 Examples of fungal hyphae

Figure 31.2x Septate hyphae (left) and nonseptate hyphae (right)

Figure 31.3 Generalized life cycle of fungi (Layer 3)

Dip

lom

on

ads

Par

abas

alid

s

Kin

eto

pla

stid

s

Eu

gle

nid

s

Din

ofl

agel

late

s

Ap

ico

mp

lexa

ns

Cil

iate

s

Oo

myc

ete

s

Dia

tom

s

Go

lden

alg

ae

Bro

wn

alg

ae

Ch

lora

rach

nio

ph

ytes

Fo

ram

inif

era

ns

Rad

iola

rian

s

Gym

nam

oeb

as

En

tam

oeb

as

Pla

smo

dia

l sl

ime

mo

lds

Cel

lula

r sl

ime

mo

lds

Fu

ng

i

Ch

oan

ofl

agel

late

s

Met

azo

an

s

Red

alg

ae

Ch

loro

ph

ytes

Ch

aro

ph

ycea

ns

Pla

nts

Ancestral eukaryote

Ch

loro

ph

yta

Pla

nta

e

Rh

od

op

hyt

a

An

imal

ia

Fu

ng

i

(Opisthokonta)(Archaeplastida)Dip

lom

on

adid

a

Par

abas

ala

Eu

gle

no

zoa

Alveolata Stramenopila Cer

cozo

a

Rad

iola

ria

Amoebozoa

ChytridsZygote

fungiArbuscular mycorrhizal

fungi

Sac fungi

Club fungi

Ch

ytr

idio

myc

ota

Zy

go

myc

ota

Glo

me

rom

yco

ta

As

co

my

cota

Ba

sid

iom

yc

ota

Figure 31.5 Chytridiomycota (chytrids)

0.5 mm

Figure 31.7 The life cycle of the zygomycete Rhizopus (black bread mold)

2.5 m

Figure 31.9 Ascomycetes (sac fungi): Scarlet cup (top left), truffles (bottom left), morel (right)

Figure 31.10 The life cycle of an ascomycete

Figure 31.11 Basidiomycetes (club fungi): Greville's bolete (top left), turkey tail (bottom left), stinkhorn (right)

Figure 31.12 The life cycle of a mushroom-forming basidiomycete

Figure 31.12x Gills

Figure 31.16 Lichens

Figure 31.17 Anatomy of a lichen

Figure 31.18 Mycorrhizae

(a) Corn smut on corn (b) Tar spot fungus on maple leaves (c) Ergots on rye