Entry Task- Block #1 Nov. 6 th -7 th QUESTION: What holds atoms together AND what subatomic particle...

Entry Task- Block #1 Nov. 6th-7th

QUESTION:

What holds atoms together AND what subatomic particle is

involved?

You have 5 minutes!

AGENDA: Ionic vs. Covalent Substance DemoGo over Ch. 8 section 1-2 notesHW: Ch. 8 sec 1-2 ws

IONIC AND COVALENT

SUBSTANCES- DEMO

# Name Formula Phase Dissolves in water

Conduction Melting point

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Isopropyl alcohol

(CH3)2COH -88.0°CLOW

Copper II sulfate

CuSO4600°CHIGH

Sodium chloride

NaCl 800°CHIGH

Camphor C10H16O 177 °CLOW

Potassium nitrate

KNO3306°CHIGH

Naphthalene C10H8 80.5 °CLOW

Iodine I2113-114 °CLOW

Potassium Iodide

KI 681°CHIGH

SOLID YES YES

SOLID YES YES

Liquid YES NO

SOLID NO NO

SOLID YES YES

SOLID NO NO

SOLID NO NO

SOLID YES YES

THINK- TO YOURSELF Write your answer on the answer sheet- QUESTION #1 What is the correlation- connection- between

conduction and melting point? Sort the chemicals to make it easier.

Substance Conduction Melting point

PAIR- WITH ELBOW PARTNER

QUESTION #1 What is the correlation- connection- between

conduction and melting point? Tweak or add to your answer- discuss the

best answer.

Substance Conduction Melting point

THINK- TO YOURSELF Write your answer on answer sheet QUESTION #2 What is the correlation between dissolving in

water and conduction? Sort the chemicals to make it easier

Substance Dissolves in water Conduction

PAIR- WITH ELBOW PARTNER

QUESTION #2 What is the correlation between dissolving in

water and conduction? Sort the chemicals to make it easier

Tweak or add to your answer- discuss the best answer.

Substance Dissolves in water Conduction

THINK- TO YOURSELF Write your answer on answer sheet QUESTION #3 Look at the formulas- look up (on periodic table)

what kind of elements (metal/metalloid/nonmetal) makes up the substance. What is the correlation between substances with metal elements and melting point of the substance? Sort the chemicals to make it easier.Substance Have metals Melting point

PAIR- WITH ELBOW PARTNER

QUESTION #3 Look at the formulas- look up (on periodic table) what

kind of elements (metal/metalloid/nonmetal) makes up the substance. What is the correlation between substances with metal elements and melting point of the substance? Sort the chemicals to make it easier.

Tweak or add to your answer- discuss the best answer.Substance Have metals Melting point

THINK- TO YOURSELF Write your answer on answer sheet QUESTION #4 Pulling it ALL together. What did you discover?

What are the relationships that connect?

PAIR- WITH ELBOW PARTNER

QUESTION #4 Pulling it ALL together. What did you discover? What

are the relationships that connect? Tweak or add to your answer- discuss the best

answer.

FLIP PAPERS OVER

IONIC AND COVALENT SUBSTANCES

Substances- Made of elements

- Chemically bonded

Affect the substances properties

Metals/metalloids/nonmetal

Ionic versus covalent

IONIC SUBSTANCES

Contain Metals!!!

IF THE SUBSTANCE

Ionic Bonds

(Tight bonds)

IONIC SUBSTANCES

Solids at room temperature

High melting points

Hard and brittle

Dissolves in water

Conductive after dissolving in water

Properties

COVALENT SUBSTANCES

Contain Nonmetals only!!!

IF THE SUBSTANCE

Covalent Bonds

(Lose bonds)

COVALENT SUBSTANCES

Liquid/gas at room temperature

Low melting points

Does not dissolve in water

Not conductive

Properties

FLIP PAPERS OVER TO THE

FRONT

# Name Formula Phase Dissolves in water

Conducts Melting point Ionic or Covalent

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Isopropyl alcohol

(CH3)2COH -88.0°CLOW

Copper II sulfate

CuSO4600°CHIGH

Sodium chloride

NaCl 800°CHIGH

Camphor C10H16O 177 °CLOW

Potassium nitrate

KNO3306°CHIGH

Naphthalene C10H8 80.5 °CLOW

Iodine I2113-114 °CLOW

Potassium Iodide

KI 681°CHIGH

SOLID YES YES

SOLID YES YES

Liquid YES NO

SOLID NO NO

SOLID YES YES

SOLID NO NO

SOLID NO NO

SOLID YES YES

Ionic

Ionic

Covalent

Covalent

Covalent

Covalent

Ionic

Ionic

I CAN…. Define a chemical bond. Describe the formation of positive and

negative ions Create and name binary ionic compounds.

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS

DESCRIBE a chemical bond.

The force that holds two atoms together.

Chemical bonds may form by the attraction between the positive nucleus and negative electrons or the attraction between a positive ion and negative ion.

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDSProvide the electron dot structures for

groups 1A-8A.lithium

Liberyllium

Beboron

Bcarbon

C

nitrogen

Noxygen

Ofluorine

Fneon

Ne

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS

RECALL from Ch. 6, what is ionization energy?

Ionization energy is how easily an atom loses electrons.

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS

What is electron affinity?

How much attraction an atom has for electrons

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS

State the octet rule?

When atoms have 8 electrons in its valence orbit it’s chemically stable- like the noble gases

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS

How are positive ions formed? What are they called?

When atoms loses electrons they form positive ions called cations. Metals are cations

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS

What are the charges on group 1A?_______

What are the charges on group 2A________

What are the charges on group 3A?_______

1+

2+

3+

Predicting Ionic Charges

Group 1:Lose 1 electron to form 1+ ions

H+ Li+ Na+ K+

Predicting Ionic ChargesGroup 13: Loses 3 electrons to form 3+ ions

B3+ Al3+ Ga3+

Predicting Ionic ChargesGroup 14: Lose 4 electrons or gain 4 electrons?

Depends! If it’s a metal it will lose 4 electrons = +4

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDSWhat are pseudo-noble gas

configurations? YOU NEED TO READ!!When the inner groups 4-6 lose electrons to fill their s, p, d orbitals by “stealing” from the higher s group. This forms a “fake (pseudo) noble gas configuration.

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS

How are negative ions formed? What are they called?

When atoms gain electrons they form negative ions called anions. Nonmetals are anions

8.1 FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS

What are the charges on group 5A?_______

What are the charges on group 6A________

What are the charges on group 7A?_______

3-

2-

1-

Predicting Ionic ChargesGroup 17: Gains 1 electron to form 1- ions

F1-

Cl1-

Br1-

Fluoride

Chloride

Bromide

I1- Iodide

Predicting Ionic ChargesGroup 18: Stable Noble gases do not form ions!

Predicting Ionic ChargesGroups 3 - 12:

Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation state.Iron(II) = Fe2+ Iron(III) = Fe3+

Predicting Ionic ChargesGroups 3 - 12:

Some transition elements have only one possible oxidation state.

Zinc = Zn2+ Silver = Ag+

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

Formation of an Ionic Bond- READ THIS PART!!

DESCRIBE an ionic bond

When atoms transfer electrons creating a positive-negative ion, the electrostatic forces that hold these opposing particles together is called ionic bonding

Transfer electrons+/-Metal-nonmetalCompound

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

What are ionic compounds?

Compounds that contain ionic bonds are called ionic compounds

Transfer electrons+/-Metal-nonmetalCompound

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

What are binary ionic compounds?

Compounds that contain 2 different elements

EXAMPLES:NaClMgF2

Al2O3

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

Properties of Ionic Compounds What are ionic crystals?

When ionic compounds are packed in a repeated pattern of +/- they create an ionic crystal

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

Properties of Ionic Compounds What are crystal lattices?

Crystal lattices are three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles. Each positive ion is surround by a negative ion

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

What specific properties do ionic crystals have?

They have high melting and boiling points. The color is related to their structure.Brittle solidsDissolves in waterConductive (when dissolved in water) Electrolytes

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

What causes these particular properties?

The bonded atoms have a strong attraction to each other (+/-).

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

What creates an electrolyte?

When ionic compounds dissolve in water the ions are free from each other and conduct a current.

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

Energy and the ionic bond  What is an endothermic reaction?

Exothermic?When energy is absorbed during a chemical reaction, the reaction is endothermic.

When energy is released during a chemical reaction, the reaction is exothermic.

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

Energy and the ionic bond The creation of an ionic bond is which type of

energy reaction?

Exothermic.

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

Energy and the ionic bond What is lattice energy? What is the strength

determined by?

Lattice energy is the energy required to separate ions from each other in an ionic compound.

The strength is determined by hold of each ion has to each other. The MORE negative the lattice energy the stronger the attraction

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

Energy and the ionic bond How does the size of the ions affect lattice

energy?

The smaller the ion the MORE negative value for lattice energy (stronger the attraction).

This is because the valence electrons are closer to the nucleus.

8.2 THE FORMATION & NATURE OF IONIC BONDS

Energy and the ionic bond How does the charge affect lattice energy?

Large positives (+3) and large negatives (-3) the more negative the lattice energy (stronger the attractions).

Mg2+ and O2- = MgO has 4 times the lattice energy than Na1+ and F1- = NaF

8.3 NAME AND FORMULAS FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS

Define formula unit

Since ionic compounds exist as a crystal lattice, we call the simplest form of the lattice as the formula unit.

NaCl exist as NaClNaClNaClClNaClNaClNaNaClNaClNaClClNaClNaClNaNaClNaClNaClFormula unit

8.3 NAME AND FORMULAS FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS

Define monatomic ion

Monatomic ion is one-atom ion like Mg2+ or Br1-.

MONATOMIC IONS TO BINARY COMPOUNDS

One –atom ion (Monatomic ions)Fluorine atom gains 1 electrons + Fluorine ion

(F-1)Lithium atom loses 1 electron + Lithium ion

(Li+1) Binary compounds

Form when 2 monatomic ion bond to make a formula unit.

Oxidation numbers (charges) have to cancel out

8.3 NAME AND FORMULAS FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS

Define polyatomic ion

Polyatomic ions are made of bonded atoms (covalently bonded) that carries a charge.

EXAMPLE- phosphate ion PO43-

8.3 NAME AND FORMULAS FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS

Define oxyanion

Oxyanion are polyatomic ions that contain a nonmetal (covalently) bonded to an oxygen.

EXAMPLE- phosphate ion PO43-

HOMEWORK:

CH. 8 SEC. 1-2 WS