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Energycane:First Year
Brian Baldwin, Herbaceous Feedstocks Meeting
San Antonio, Texas22 February 2010
Energycane- Hybrid of sugarcane and wild cane- Bred for high fiber, high biomass- Tolerance to cold weather- Fermentable sugars
Concept
• Energycane – Cellulose for bioethanol/biomass
• High yields and perennial• Limitations of sugarcane’s abilities in the “North”• Sugarcane infrastructure in place
– Advantage of sucrose• Can be fermented if harvestable• Sugary bagasse is subject to enhanced fermentation as a
precursor to cellulose SSF• Capture-able with slow pyrolysis
Common Energycane Germplasm
Germplasm Line* Pedigree
Ho 02-147 F1 (Wild Cane x Sugarcane)
Ho 02-144 F1 (Wild Cane x Sugarcane)
Ho 72-114 BC1 with Sugarcane
Ho 06-9001 BC1 with Wild Cane
Ho 06-9002 BC1 with Wild Cane
*from USDA-ARS-SRU, Houma, LA
Base Field Dimensions
• Plot = 10 m x 3 rows (6m)– Sacrifice row (Brix)– Harvest 2 rows
• Base Rep = 10m x 30m• Base Test = 132m x 30m– (or any combination)• inclusion of other
genotypes
Spring
• Emergence data – date and rating (shoots/plot)
• Date of 50% emergence and soil temp
• Data during growing season– Height, bi-weekly– Brix monthly from sacrifice row
Fall 2009• Harvest Data EOS– Each location needs to fix
that time• Stalk count and diameter• Final height• Rating after first hard frost
(differences?)• Final Brix – want a 50 ml sap
sample, freeze• Fresh harvest weight
– Sap yield– Stalk moist weight– Stalk dry weight– Stalk samples for fiber analysis
Starkville MS; Nov 2007
DoE Feedstock Partnership Collaborators
• Bill Anderson via Wayne Hanna (USDA via UGA, Tifton, GA)• Brian Baldwin (MSU, Starkville, MS)• Jürg Blumenthal (TAMU, College Station, TX)• Charlie Brummer (UGA, Athens, GA) – 2008 addition• Kenneth Gravois (LSU, St. Gabriel, LA)• Jimmy Ray Parish (MSU, Raymond MS)• Ed Richard /Tom Tew/Anna Hale (ARS-SRU, Houma, LA)• Goro Uehara, (U Hawaii, Waimanalo) – 2009 addition• Ted Wilson, et al. (TAMU, Beaumont, TX)
Issues/Major Factors
Location Issue/Major Factor Status
Waimanalo, HI LegislationHeat treatment of seed cane
Overturned, 2009Slow growth
Beaumont, TX Hurricane Rita spawned tornadoes Seed cane unavailable, 1 year behind
College Station, TX
Drought Lower yield, but on track
Starkville, MS Excessive rain Live with it
Obstacles to Data Collection• El Niño– Rain, rain, rain, rain, rain, and still rain– Starkville ended 2009 @ 84.5” (54” normal)– Same at: Tifton, Athens, St. Gabriel
• The weight of biomass – Energycane harvested at 60-70% moisture– A dry weight of 3 T/A is actually 4.2 T/A– Most sites harvest by hand
Energycane BrixStarkville, October 2008 and 2009
02468
101214161820
US 02-144
US 02-147
US 06-9001
US 06-9002
US 72-114
Della Bale All SS Average
Brix
%
Energycane Sweet Sorghum Sugarcane
1-Jul 15-Jul 1-Aug 15-Aug 1-Sep 15-Sep 1-Oct 15-Oct 1-Nov 15-Nov0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2009 Heights x Temperature
Ho (US) 02-147 (LA) Ho (US) 06-9001 (LA)Ho (US) 02-147 (MS) Ho (US) 06-9001 (MS)
Mea
n H
eigh
ts (m
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Monthly M
ean Temperature ( oC)
St. Gabriel, LA (oC) Starkville, MS (oC)
First Year Energycane DM Yield by Location
Energycane Genotype
Athens, GA
Starkville, MS
Raymond, MS
Tifton, GA
College Station, TX
St. Gabriel, LA
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yield (Mg/ha)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ho 02-144 5.60 c 7.79 ab 17.86 a 24.38 d 10.22 a 14.06 c
Ho 02-147 6.31 c 4.85 b 22.08 a 30.24 bc 11.37 a 17.65 ab
Ho 06-9001 9.72 ab 10.12 a 14.25 a 24.88 d 15.00 a 16.99 abc
Ho 06-9002 8.27 bc 7.43 ab 17.18 a 28.24cd 14.10 a 14.43 bc
Ho 72-114 11.53 a 6.94 ab 14.10 a 38.27 a 17.22 a 19.80 a
Ho 00-961 19.49 a 12.64 a
L79-1002 33.19 b
LSD α0.05 2.92 4.53 8.30 4.69 8.61 3.45
Ho (US) 02-144 Ho (US) 02-147 Ho (US) 06-9001 Ho (US) 06-9002 Ho (US) 72-114 Ho 00-961 L 79 10020
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
First Year Dry Matter Yield Energycane 2009-2010
Athens, GA Starkville, MS Raymond, MSTifton, GA College Station, TX St. Gabriel, LA
Mea
n M
g/ha
First Year Dry Matter Yield Energycane 2009-2010
Starkville, MSnorthern site
St. Gabriel , LAsouthern site
Tifton, GAsouthern site
Genotype Yield (Mg/ha)
Ho 06-9001 10.12 a 16.99 abc 24.88 d
Ho 02-144 7.79 ab 14.06 c 24.38 d
Ho 06-9002 7.43 ab 14.43 bc 28.24 cd
Ho 72-114 6.94 ab 19.80 a 38.27 a
Ho 02-147 4.85 b 17.65 ab 30.24 bc
Summary Findings
• Brix affected by rain• Brix affected by genotype
• Spring onset of growth different– Early onset in genotypes closer to sugarcane can
lead to higher yields at the southern locations– Early onset of genotypes closer to wild cane are
not good for maximum growth in the “North” (spring frost)
Summary Findings, cont’d
• Yield varies by genotype• Location matters, with Tifton, GA toping
locations– Well-drained soils, with excellent rainfall
• Ho 72-114 seems best adapted to all locations tested.
Energycane Drawbacks• Energycane – Of tropical origin
• Not photoperiodically senescing– Wet harvest– Removal of nutrients
• Limitations of sugarcane’s abilities in the “North”
– Advantage of sucrose• Limited accumulation, especially with excess rain• Sugar and fiber are inversely proportional
– Associative nitrogen fixation
Trans-species Comparison(Starkville 2008)
Ho 00-961
Ho 96-988
L 99-233
US 01-07
US 02-144
US 02-147
US 06-9001
US 06-9002
US 72-114
Swtg
'Alamo'
Mxg
'Freedom'
Della SO
R
Topper SOR
M81-E SO
R0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tonn
age
(Mg/
ha)
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