Emerging Pedagogies, Learning Spaces and Communities

Emerging Pedagogies, Learning Spaces and CommunitiesSteve Wheeler

@timbuckteethPlymouth University

Technologies

http://scoop.intel.com/what-happens-in-an-internet-minute/

Digital Graffiti

“Delicious is like a virtual fieldtrip through a library built by the recommendations of others.”

– Chris Sessums (2010)

Social Tagging

http://www.oliverquinlan.com

Taxonomies are

defined by

the community

Folksonomies

define a

community

Disruptive Technology

M

www.cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at

Gutenberg

1439: Mass produced

movable type (Disruptive

Technology)

What disruptive technology do we see in

university today?

Clue: 99% of students own one or more

The First Mobile Phone

http://www.xianet.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/first-mobile-phone.jpg

The ‘Brick’

Neutral technologies?

http://www.oldukphotos.com

http://www.slideshare.net/courosa/why-social-networks-matter

Communities

“We are becoming distributed beings. Mobile makes the trend more explicit.” - Mark Curtis (2005)

Digital Cultural Capital

“Where digital communication has fractured the tyranny of distance and computers have become pervasive and ubiquitous, identification through digital mediation has become the new cultural capital”.

- Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes

Image Source: http://www.coreideas.com.au/

(Membership of the Tribe)

Digital Totems

For digital tribes ... their totems are their social networking tools within the World Wide Web.

http://www.faqs.org

Source: Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes

Digital Totems

• Gathering place• Rituals and rules• Celebration and fun• Transmission of customs,

social mores and values (storytelling)

• = Tribal identity• = Social networks

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jcbwalsh/3412625028/

Source: Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes

Flickrites and Facebookers

http://www.travel-images.com http://www.coal-is-dirty.com

Wikipedians

(Deletionism + Exclusionism) /Inclusionism= “What I Know Is..”

Connected

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Image source: http://i.imwx.com

The Future...?

• 1990: ‘The future is multi-media’• 2000: ‘The future is the Web’• 2010: ‘The future is smart mobile’

Multimedia brought the world into the classroom...

Smart technologies will take the classroom into the world.

www.canada.com

Web 3.0Semantic Web

Web 1.0The Web

Web x.0Meta Web

Web 2.0Social Web

Degree of Social Connectivity

Deg

ree

of In

form

ation

Con

necti

vity

Adapted from : Nova Spivak

Web 3.0Semantic Web

Web 1.0The Web

Web x.0Meta Web

Web 2.0Social Web

Degree of Social Connectivity

Deg

ree

of In

form

ation

Con

necti

vity

Connects information Connects people

Connects knowledge Connects intelligence

The (Smart) eXtended Web

We are already seeing early evidence of the Smart eXtended Web

http://chemistscorner.com

Intelligent Filtering Recommender Systems

http://abdtechnology.com/tag/google-glass/

Personal Devices

Enhanced Vision

Ubiquitous connection

Theories

Technological Pedagogical Symbiosis*

Source: http://www.learnerosity.com/?p=890

TI PI*

Transformation?

(McRae, 2012)

http://schipul.com/photos/3659/in/122/

Flipping the classroom?

TED

Flip the roles, not the classroom

http://campussolutionsinc.com/tag/reach-college-students/

We learn by teaching

Bearpit Pedagogy

http://open.salon.com

TD Effects (Close TD)

ST

Dialogue

++

Structure

- -

Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance

TD Effects

ST

Dialogue

+Structure

+

Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance

TD Effects (Remote TD)

T S

Structure

++

Dialogue

- -

Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance

Cognition

Communication

Cooperation

3 key human interaction characteristics...

Cooperation

Communication

Cognition

Blog

Social Network

... and web tools that facilitate them

Wiki

“We are seeing peer-based learning networks where students are learning as much from each other as they are from their mentors and tutors.” – John Seely-Brown

Image source: http://businessinnovationfactory.com

http://www.flickr.com/photos/luc/

Paragogy

Source: George Siemens www.connectivism.ca/http://www.sciencedaily.com

Connectivism

We live in a techno-social world

Learning occurs inside and outside of people – we store our knowledge in

computers and in other people – George Siemens

Making connections

In connectivism, learning involves creating connections and developing a network. It is

a theory for the digital age drawing upon chaos, emergent properties, and self

organised learning.

(It’s not what you know but who you know)

Source: Wikipediahttp://www.pestproducts.com

Since we cannot experience everything, other people’s experiences, and hence other people,

become the surrogate for knowledge.

http://bradley.chattablogs.com

‘I store my knowledge in my friends’ is an axiom for collecting knowledge through collecting people. - Karen Stephenson

RhizomesDeleuze & Guattari

Anarchy of the Web

“...multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit points in data representation and

interpretation.”

Rhizomatic learning

http://archbold-station.org

Rhizomatic learning

“A rhizomatic plant has no centre and no defined

boundary; rather, it is made up of a number of semi-

independent nodes, each of which is capable of growing

and spreading on its own, bounded only by the limits

of its habitat.”

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Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/

“In the rhizomatic view, knowledge can only be negotiated, [and is] a personal knowledge-creation process with mutable goals and constantly negotiated premises.”

Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/

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Rhizomatic learning

If ... information is recognized as useful to the community ... it can be counted as knowledge. The community, then, has the power to create knowledge within a given context and leave that knowledge as a new node connected to the rest of the network’.

– Dave Cormier (2008)

Open Networks

http://inperspire.blogspot.com

Community as curriculum

Our Students

Three kinds of learner support

Social support

Academicsupport

Technicalsupport

Source: Carnwell (2000)

Traditionally the domain of the teacher/tutor

These are usually provided by peers

Digital Natives?

The Net

Generation?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/56155476@N08/5667863948/

Homo

Zappiens?

Millennials?

Power users 14%

Ordinary users 27%

Irregular users 14%

Basic users 45%

Source: Kennedy et al (2010) Beyond Digital Natives and Immigrants: Exploring types of net generation students, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26 (5).

n = 2096, mean age range 17-23 years

http://truedantalion.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/silver-surfers.html

Digital Residents or Visitors?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/will-lion/3601144842/sizes/l/in/photostream/

25 million views 46 million views

447 million views51 million views

Viral Video

“Lee Harvey and the Wailers”(Lee Harvey did not jam alone)

http://www.myspace.com/hsu/photos/6850630

“60% of all Internet pages contain

misleading information.”

- Thomas Edison

Learners need ‘digital wisdom’

“Knowledge that is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.”

- SocratesPlato

http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-713124904

Darwikianism

Wikipedia is crowdsourcing

evaluation

MOOC

“How can technology make a person better? Only in this way: by providing each person with chances.”

- Kevin Kelly

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W: steve-wheeler.netE: swheeler@plymouth.ac.ukB: steve-wheeler.blogspot.comT: @timbuckteeth