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ELEMENTS OF THREE DIMENSIONAL
COMPARISON of 2-D & 3-D
SIMULARITIES:• Basic design elements are organized to communicate ideas, express
emotions, and create functional objects.• Basic principles of designed are used to create images and objects
that offer an effective balance between unity and variety• In both 2-D/3-D design, concept development and critical thinking
are essential aspects of the creative process.
DIFFERENCES:• 2-D we use our technical, perceptual, and conceptual skills to create
flat visual patterns and convincing illusions. • 3-D our experience is physical and direct.• 3-D the materials used determines its structural strength as well as
its aesthetic appeal.
What is Form?
EXAMPLE:2-D SHAPES: CIRCLE, SQUARE, AND A TRIANGLE
gone
3-D FORMS: SPHERE, CUBE, AND A PYRAMID
CHAPTER 6: FORM WAS DEFINED AS THE
PHYSICAL MANIFESTATION OF AN IDEA.
TYPES OF FORM: VOLUME MASS
DEFINITIONS:•Volume:• 2-D: A three-dimensional form that has been represented using the illusion of space• 3-D: A empty three-dimensional form
•MASS:• 3-D: A solid three dimensional form
Jiang Yan-zeAssemblage-1, 2002
Slip casting, bone china
VOLUMEMASS
David Fried, Stemmers, 2006, solid acrylic forms and urethane,
paint
3-Dimensional Composition
Robert LongoEric, 1994, lithograph
Ron MueckUntitled, 1999
ORGANIC FORMS• Definition: Forms that visually suggest nature or natural forces.
Also known as biomorphic shapeOrganic forms create a very different effect than geometric forms
Ninety artists from Belgium shipped 100 miles of wooden beams to the playa, and nail-gunned them into a free-form cavern 15 stories high.
Jan Kriekels and Arne Quinze, Uchronia, Measuring almost 200 feet long, 100 feet wide and almost 50 feet tall, Burning Man 2006
MOVEMENT IN FORMSTATIC FORMS: Appear stable and unmoving
Rachel Whiteread, Ghost, 1990, casted concrete
DYNAMIC FORMS – Implies movement, energy
Richard Serra, A Matter of Time, 2005, 8 bent steel, 32,000 square foot
KINETIC FORMS: Forms that actually moves
Alexander CalderNumbered One to Seven1950painted sheet metal and wire82 x 62 inches
George Rickey Eight Lines
1987kinetic sculpture of brushed aluminum
62 ½ by 55 by 6 inches
Theo Jansen
Christian Cerrito & Petra Farinha's Solar chandelier
FORM AND FUNCTION
AN ARTIST SEEKS TO EXPRESS CONCEPTS AND EVOKE EMOTIONS
An artist explores an idea, chooses materials, and develops a composition based on his or her
aesthetic intention.
DESIGNERS uses the same mastery of concept, composition, and materials to create an object that is functional as well as beautiful.
Form must fulfill a specific function or purpose.
Designer: Reddish, Tub Chair,A bath, steel, 70L X 58W X 70H cm
Designer: Jan PuylaertLTB illuminated sink, actual size sink
Designer and Sculptor
Both have a different purposes yet both uses the same basic elements and principles of design:
– Organize line, plane, volume, mass, space, texture, and color into coherent form
– Structural integrity in a sculpture is just as important as the structural integrity of a teapot or a public art project
THE THREE DIMENSIONS IN A 3-D DESIGNHEIGHT x WIDTH x DEPTH
Depth or z axis
Width or x axis
Three-Dimensional form on a Two Dimensional surface
In computer aided designs you used the same axes as used in geometry
Height or y axis
DEGREES OF DIMENSIONALITYThe degree of our physical involvement with the artwork strongly affects
our understanding of both the form and the content
FOUR VARIATIONS
RELIEF
Robert Longo Corporate Wars 1982 casted aluminum lacquer on wood relief 7x9x3’
Relief starts with a flat backing as a base for the three dimensional form, like a sculptural painting.
LOW RELIEF
More three-dimensional: front and two sides
THREE-QUARTER WORKS
Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux
The Dance
1869
Randolphlee McIver, Girl Front ViewAugust 30, 1996, Plaster Relief,
30″ × 25″ × 9½″
Designed to be seen from all sides -“in the round”
FREESTANDING WORKS
Crowd, 2004, Cast burlapMagdalena Abakanowicz
80 backs, 1976-80, burlap and resin life size
Presents a space than can be physically enteredSuch works often require audience participation and
may present a series of images, ideas, and experiences that unfold over time
ENVIRONMENTAL WORKS
INSTALLATIONS
Usually presented indoors
Usually an installation is an ensemble of images and objects that are presented within a three-dimensional environment
Installations can involve multi media and technology
INSTALLATIONS
Cai Guo-Qiang "I Want To Believe”
Car installation at the Guggenheim in NY city
• Usually present outdoors
• An earthwork is a large scale outdoor installation
• Can expand great distances in time and space
• Require substantial physical engagement by the artist, audience, and inhabitants of the site
• An artwork that extends far beyond the walls of a museum or gallery
EARTHWORKS
EARTHWORKS
Maya Lin Wave Field, 90’x90’
SITE-SPECIFIC ARTWORK
Toronto 1989
Catedral de Cadeiras, Ville de Reims France 2007
TADASHI KAWAMATA
An artwork that is specifically designed and
installed a particular place
Three-Dimensional uses the following elements as part of its basic building blocks:
Line Plane
VolumesMassSpace
TextureLight Colorand Time
Line Shape
TextureValueand
Color
LINELine can connect, define, or divide a design. It can be static or
dynamic, increasing or decreasing the stability of the form.Line can be created through a series of adjacent points
Ant Farm’s (Chip Lord, Hudson Marquez, Doug Michels) Cadillac Ranch, 1974 commissioned by a rancher in Texas
Christo and Jeanne-Claude Running Fence, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California 1972-76, 24.5 miles
“a celebration of the landscape.... The fabric is a light-conductor for the sunlight, and it will give shape to the wind. It will go over the hills and into the sea, like a ribbon of light.”
Christo
LINE• A connection between points
• A point in motion
Orientation horizontal, vertical, or diagonal
Direction refers to the implied movement of a line
LINE QUALITY
Continuity or linear flow can increase movement and accentuate form
MARK DI SUVEROARIKIDEA1982Cor-Ten steel, steel, wood
MARK DI SUVERO MOLECULE 1983steel, paint
Can connect, define, or divide a design
ACTUAL LINES
Gordon Matta-Clark
Splitting: Exterior
1974
Splitting: Interior
Are created through mental rather than physical connections
IMPLIED LINESSight line - A viewing line that is established by the arrangement of objects within one’s field of vision
Nancy Holt
Sun Tunnels
1973-76
LINE NETWORKS
Eve Hesse, Untitled, 1970
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