Elements and Principles of Art - Berkeley County …...Elements and Principles of Art/Design * * *...

Elements and Principles

of Art/Design

* * * You will use these to personalize * * *

each side of your portfolio

Be sure that your name is on your portfolio also!

Elements of Art

• Line

• Shape

• Form

• Value

• Color

• Texture

• Space

Line• connects two points, usually longer than it is wide.

• a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It may be the path made

by a pencil or the stroke of a paintbrush, created by the wires of a mobile or

carvings in a stone sculpture, or formed when two objects meet or overlap.

• Lines can be thin, thick, continuous, interrupted, curved, zigzag, straight, etc.

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Structural Lines: Outline: outer edge of a silhouette Contour: describe the shape of an object Gesture: movement lines

lines that hold a design together and include interior detail emphasize direction and

fluidity

More about Line - Line Personality• direction or movement (vertical, horizontal, diagonal), quality, or weight

• general characteristics of a line, to convey a specific mood or feeling

• A thick line with sharp edges can produce a very different feeling than a thin,

flowing line

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Horizontal Lines suggest calmness, repose, balance.

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Diagonal Lines express action, movement,

tension; they are dramatic and dynamic.

Vertical Lines convey height, stability,

and dignity.

Shape

• Shape:

an element of design

that is two-

dimensional and

encloses area; has

height and width

but no depth

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Shape can geometric or organic.

Form• Form:

an element of design

that is three-

dimensional and

encloses volume; has

length, width, and

depth; usually has

weight and solidity

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Form can be real

or implied.

Value• an element of design that refers to the lightness or darkness of grays and colors

• can be used to create contrast and interest, as well as a sense of depth, form,

temperature, or mood

…

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artists can create value through…

• blending / shading

• hatching

• cross-hatching

• stippling

• and other mark-making

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Color• refers to specific hues

• has 3 properties, Chroma (Hue), Intensity (Saturation) and Value.

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• produced by

the way our

vision responds

to different

wavelengths

of light

• can be used

to express

emotion or to

suggest

temperature

Texture• a feature of surface quality

• the physical surface structure of a material

• in art, this structure may be real or implied

• Artists may use texture to convey or express meaning, to create a particular

experience, or for realistic representation

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Real Texture Implied Texture

Space• can be positive or negative

• can flow in, around, and through art

• can be represented in both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional art

• may be used to create a sense of depth in realism or an emotional response

in abstract art

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Positive Space: Negative Space:

what is there what isn’t there

Compare the use of space -

does the way the artist used space evoke a particular feeling or emotion?

Principles of Art

• Balance

• Unity / Harmony

• Contrast / Variety

• Emphasis

• Movement

• Rhythm

• Pattern / Repetition

Balance• how various parts of a design relate to one another

• in art, balance can be created using elements of design

such as space, shape, and color

• balance may be actual or visual

• type of visual balance are…

• Symmetrical Balance

• Approximate Symmetry

• Asymmetrical Balance

• Radial Balance

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Symmetrical Balance Asymmetrical Balance

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Approximate Symmetry Radial Balance

Unity / Harmony

• displayed when parts combine to

create a sense of oneness

• in art - when all of the parts of

a design work together to create

a feeling of wholeness

• can be achieved (in art) through

use of color, texture, and

repetition of shapes or forms

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How does the artist create a sense of unity/harmony in this painting?

Contrast / Variety• Contrast: describes larger differences in the elements of a design

• Variety: describes smaller differences within a design

• artists use contrast and variety to add interest, change the pace,

or develop/underscore a mood

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Contrast/Variety to create interest. Contrast to direct attention. Can you identify the contrast? Variety?

Emphasis• significance or importance that is given to something; a focal point or center of interest

• artists use a variety of methods to achieve emphasis which include relying on a single

element of design, simplifying the overall composition, and using special placement

• Artists use elements and principles of design to answer the questions,

“What is my work about?” and “What am I trying to say?”

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What is the focal point in these paintings? How is the artist emphasizing these areas? How is the artist emphasizing

her message of the strength and

dignity of the female form here?

Movement• visual movement creates a path for the viewer’s eyes to follow

across a composition

• movement can be actual, recorded, or compositional (compares the positions of

stationary objects or spaces within a design)

• movement can set a mood or create a feeling in a work of art

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Actual Movement Recorded Movement Compositional Movement

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Rhythm• visual rhythm: produced by repeating one or several units of a design (such as

a shape or color) in a certain order or pattern

• rhythms can be regular, flowing, or alternating

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Regular Rhythm

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Alternating RhythmFlowing Rhythm

Pattern / Repetition• visual pattern: the repetition of one or more elements (usually in a

regular, organized, and recognizable way)

• repetition: replication or copying of an element

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• pattern is used to help organize or unify an area or object,

and to provide visual enrichment and interest

How has the artist used pattern and repetition here?