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Elements and Principles of Art
By Emily Bergen
Elements of Art
• Line• Color• Shape/Form• Texture• Space• Value
The SistersMary Cassat
Line
• An element of art: mark on a surface created by a tool (pencil, pen, brush)
Vincent Van Gogh Grove of Cypresses 1889
Color
• Appearance of object that is created by the differing qualities of light it reflects
Claude MonetImpression: Sunrise
1872
Shape/Form
• Two-dimensional area defined by line or color change
• Three-dimensional artwork such as sculpture, architecture, various crafts. Also shown by shading when drawing a 3-D form on a flat surface
John Frederick PetoThe Old Violin
1890
Texture
• Actual texture is the way a surface feels; visual texture is the way it looks as if it would feel
Mary CassattMargot in Blue
1902
Space
• Usually related to showing foreground, middleground, and background on a flat surface
M. C. EscherProcession in Crypt
1927
Value
• Lightness or darkness of a color; color added to white to create tints; black added to a color to create shades
Rembrandt van RijnSelf-Portrait
1659
Principles of Art
• Balance• Emphasis• Proportion• Movement• Rhythm, Repetition, and
Pattern• Variety• Unity
Starry NightVan Gogh
Balance
• A harmonious arrangement of parts or elements in a design
Chateau de Chambord
Emphasis
• Viewer’s attention is directed to focal point in an artwork
Cronos Devouring His Children
Goya
Proportion
• Relationship of one part to another
TipharetLeonardo da Vinci
Movement
• Motion; may be simulated or actual in an artwork
The Great Wave of Kanagawa
Katsushika Hokusai
Rhythm, Repetition, and Pattern
• Sense of visual movement regular or harmonious pattern created by repetition of lines, shapes, or colors
Marilyn MonroeAndy Warhol
Variety
• Principle of art in which elements are different and combined in a pleasing, non-chaotic manner
I SpyWalter Wick
Unity
• Seen or felt when all parts of an artwork give viewer a sense of harmony and completion
Mona LisaLeonardo da Vinci