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El Preterito talks about something that happened in the past.
It is used when the action described has already been completed.
Regular preterite verbs, like present tense verbs, are formed by adding tense endings.
Preterite –ar verbs
Ejemplo: Hablar
Yo -é
Nosotros -amos
Tú -aste
-
Él, ella -óusted
Ellos, ellas -aronustedes
Hablé hablamos
hablaste -
habló hablaron
Preterite –er & -ir verbs
Ejemplo: Comer Vivir
Yo -í
Nosotros -imos
Tú -iste
-
Él, ella -ióusted
Ellos, ellas -ieronustedes
comí comimos
comiste
-
comió comieron
viví vivimos
viviste -
vivió vivieron
* Regular –er and –ir verbs take the same endings.
The nosotros form of –ar and –ir verbs are the same in the preterite and in the present tense. But we can usually tell if someone is referring to the past or the present from the context.
Abuela says:
-Yo viajé a Costa Rica el verano pasado. Acampamos en un parque y caminamos por San José.
I traveled to Costa Rica last summer. We camped in a park and walked through San José.
Even though Abuela uses the words acampamos y caminamos, we know that she is talking about an event in the past because she used the word viajé in the previous sentence.
Preterite: -car, -gar, -zar
In the preterite, verbs that end in –car, -gar, -zar are spelled differently in the yo form. The spelling changed in order to keep the pronunciation the same.
c qu sacar yo saqué
z c almorzar yo almorcé
g gu jugar yo jugué
Verbs with –car, -gar, -zar Spelling Changes
c qu Explicar (to explain)
Buscar ( to look for)
practicar ( to practice)
Tocar (to touch, to play an instrument)
z c comenzar (e – ie) (to start)
empezar (e-ie) (to begin)
g gu llegar ( to arrive)
pagar ( to pay)
An unaccented i between two vowels changes to y.
Papá lo leyó ayer. ( verb leer in the él form) = leió = leyó
No oyeron las noticias.
The verbs ir, ser, and hacer, which are very common, are irregular in the preterite.
* Ir and ser have the same irregular forms.
ir Ser hacer
yo Fui Fui Hice
tú Fuiste Fuiste Hiciste
Él, ella, usted
Fue Fue Hizo
nosotros Fuimos Fuimos Hicimos
Ellos, ellas, ustedes
Fueron Fueron hicieron
Adjectives of Nationality Adjectives of a nationality whose singular masculine form
ends in –o have a feminine form ending in –a. the plural of these adjectives is formed by adding –s.
argentino chino hondureño salvadoreño chilenoboliviano dominicano italiano guatemalteco sueco
brasileño ecuatorianomexicano suizocolombiano europeo paraguayo uruguayocoreano filipino peruano
venezolanoCubanogriego puertorriqueño ruso
Singular plural
Masculine Colombiano Colomianos
Feminine Colombiana colombianas
Adjectives of Nationality Adjectives of nationality whos singluar form ends in –
e, -a, or an accented í have only one form which is masculine and feminine.
Canadiense marroquí israelitaCostarricense nicaragüense vietnamitaEstadounidense paquistaní
Singular Plural
Masc. & Fem.
CanadienseIsraelitapaquistaní
CanadiensesIsraelitaspaquistaníes
Adjectives of nationality
Adjectives of nationality that end in a consonant from the feminine singular by adding –a. The plural of these adjectives is formed by adding –es to masculine adjectives and –s to feminine ones.
Aleman francés irlandésEscocés holandés japonésEspañol inglés portugués
Singular Plural
Masculine españoljaponés
españolesjaponeses
Feminine españolajaponesa
españolasjaponesas
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