Eitzen13e.chapter8 lecture.ppt 193990

Social Problems, 13eD. Stanley EitzenMaxine Baca ZinnKelly Eitzen Smith

Chapter 8Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Racial and Ethnic Inequality

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Learning Objectives

8.1 Understand how race is a socially (not biologically) defined category.

8.2 Give a brief historical overview of four nonassimilated racial/ethnic groups: African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Native Americans.

Learning Objectives continued

8.3 Discuss racial inequality from different theoretical perspectives: deficiency theories, bias theories, and structural discrimination theories.

8.4 Examine the role of public policy in both reducing racial bias and continuing racial bias in contemporary society.

8.5 Discuss and give examples of the growing racial strife in the United States.

8.1 - How to Think About Racial and Ethnic Inequality

• Dominant Group: refers to those holding power in a society, regardless of number

• Racial Stratification: a system of inequality in which better occupational opportunities, income, and education are afforded to Whites

LO 8.1

An important component of remaining the dominant group is to maintain __________.

A. discrimination

B. isolation

C. power

D. racial superiority

LO 8.1

An important component of remaining the dominant group is to maintain __________.

A. discrimination

B. isolation

C. power

D. racial superiority

LO 8.1

The forms of racism today are more subtle than the blatant racism of the past.

A. True

B. False

LO 8.1

The forms of racism today are more subtle than the blatant racism of the past.

A. True

B. False

8.2 - Racial and Ethnic Minorities

• Racial Categories

• Ethnic Groups and Their Differences

• Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States

LO 8.2 - Racial Categories

• Racial formation

• Census measurement of race

• Hispanics?

• Being racialized

LO 8.2 - Ethnic Groups and Their Differences

• Ethnic groups are distinctive on the basis of national origin, language, religion, and culture.

• Optional ethnicity

LO 8.2 - Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States

• Racial-ethnic groups– Systematic discrimination of socially constructed racial groups– Distinctive cultural arrangements

• African Americans• Latinos• Asian Americans• Native Americans

LO 8.2 - Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States continued

• African Americans

LO 8.2 - Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States continued

• Latinos

LO 8.2 - Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States continued

• Asian Americans

LO 8.2 - Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States continued

• Native Americans

LO 8.2

Recent immigration from Africa and the Caribbean has increased the cultural diversity of “African Americans.”

LO 8.2

LO 8.2

A clear example of race as a social construction in the United States is the __________.

A. changing the use of “Hispanic” by the U.S. Census Bureau

B. biological evidence of racial differences

C. sociological study of racial categories

D. immigration quota debate

LO 8.2

A clear example of race as a social construction in the United States is the __________.

A. changing the use of “Hispanic” by the U.S. Census Bureau

B. biological evidence of racial differences

C. sociological study of racial categories

D. immigration quota debate

LO 8.2

Optional ethnicity is the ability to choose whether to identify with a group of origin and which cultural traits to keep.

A. True

B. False

LO 8.2

Optional ethnicity is the ability to choose whether to identify with a group of origin and which cultural traits to keep.

A. True

B. False

8.3 - Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality

• Deficiency Theory

• Bias Theories

• Structural Discrimination Theories

LO 8.3 - Deficiency Theories

• Biological– Belief that the inferiority of some racial groups

is the result of flawed genetic traits

• Cultural– Hypothesis that the lifestyle (culture) of

minority groups is flawed and responsible for group’s inferiority status

LO 8.3 - Video: Prejudice and Stereotypes

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/sociology/videos/MSocL_ABC2008/Basic-Instincts.html

LO 8.3 - Bias Theories

• Blame the prejudiced attitudes of majority members.

• Many sociologists argue prejudice is not the essence of racism.

• Bias theories ignore the structural foundations of racism.

LO 8.3 - Structural Discrimination Theories

• Racism-in-the head versus racism-in-the-world– Individual versus institutional racism

• All structural theories agree:– On the importance of history– That discrimination can occur without

conscious bigotry– That Institutions are interrelated

LO 8.3

Which of the following theories on racial inequality theorizes that discrimination in education leads to lower-paying jobs?

A. individual deficiency theory

B. bias theory

C. cultural deficiency theory

D. structural discrimination theory

LO 8.3

Which of the following theories on racial inequality theorizes that discrimination in education leads to lower-paying jobs?

A. individual deficiency theory

B. bias theory

C. cultural deficiency theory

D. structural discrimination theory

LO 8.3

Bias theories ignore the structural element of racism.

A. True

B. False

LO 8.3

Bias theories ignore the structural element of racism.

A. True

B. False

8.4 - Discrimination Against African Americans and Latinos: Continuity and Change

• Income

• Education

• Unemployment

• Type of Employment

• Health

LO 8.4

LO 8.4

LO 8.4 - Unemployment

• 2011 unemployment rates– Latinos 11 percent– African Americans 15 percent – Whites 8 percent

LO 8.4

LO 8.4 - Health

• Limited access to healthcare

• Greater stress

• Shorter life span

• Higher rates of disease

• Environmental racism

LO 8.4

Natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina have more of a detrimental effect on low-income areas than on affluent ones. This is an example of __________.

A. systemic racism

B. institutional discrimination

C. environmental racism

D. deficiency theory

LO 8.4

Natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina have more of a detrimental effect on low-income areas than on affluent ones. This is an example of__________.

A. systemic racism

B. institutional discrimination

C. environmental racism

D. deficiency theory

LO 8.4

Substantial growth of the minority middle class has erased the problem of segregation.

A. True

B. False

LO 8.4

Substantial growth of the minority middle class has erased the problem of segregation.

A. True

B. False

8.5 - Contemporary Trends in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Relations

• Ongoing Racial Strife

• More Racially Based Groups and Activities

• Social and Economic Isolation in U.S. Inner Cities

• Racial Policies in the New Century

LO 8.5 - Explorer Activity: Race and Ethnicity: Improvement Is Better than Assistance? Race, Spending, and Patterns of Inequality

http://www.socialexplorer.com/pearson/plink.aspx?dest=http%3a%2f%2fwww.socialexplorer.com%2fSpiceMap%2f%3fv%3de15b3fb8722a4e5e

Please log into MySocLab with your username and password before accessing this link.

LO 8.5 - Ongoing Racial Strife

• Racial tension compounded by economic problems

• Anti-Hispanic sentiment

• Anti-immigration movement

Perceptions that immigrants are taking jobs from Anglos increase racial tensions.

LO 8.5

LO 8.5 - More Racially Based Groups and Activities

• Racial Extremism

• Profiling and Maltreatment

• Campus Racial Tensions

LO 8.5 - Social and Economic Isolation in U.S. Inner Cities

• Social and economic changes have removed jobs and resources from inner-city residents

• The explanation is structural

Inner cities are beset with a disproportionate share of social problems.

LO 8.5

LO 8.5 - Racial Policies in the New Century

• 1960s civil rights movement

• 1980s economic restructuring

• Color blindness today

LO 8.5

The social and economic isolation of inner cities results in __________.

A. continued poverty

B. common culture of poverty

C. new economic systems

D. human ingenuity

LO 8.5

The social and economic isolation of inner cities results in __________.

A. continued poverty

B. common culture of poverty

C. new economic systems

D. human ingenuity

LO 8.5

Racism is common on college campuses.

A. True

B. False

LO 8.5

Racism is common on college campuses.

A. True

B. False

LO 8.5Question for Discussion

Discuss the discrimination felt by minority group members and if there is hope for change.