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Effects of Big Science in Education
Corey Goodwin, Kyle Kim, Terry Park, Nora Richter, Mandy Ziffer
Is the cost increase in
education related to Big Science?
Big Science and Education in the
U.S.Cold WarSputnik in 1957
Wave of education reforms in U.S.Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS)
Physical Science Study Committee (PSSC)
United States
Science Education Programs
Department of Energy
National Academy of SciencesNational Science Education Standards (1996)National Academy of Engineering (1964)Institute of Medicine (1970)National Research Council
National Science Foundation (NSF)
http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/history-nsf/timeline/index.jsp?year=1952
U.S. Spending in Science Education
Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Summary — February 14, 2011
$300 million for a new round of i3 (Investing in Innovation) grants.$175 million in competitive grants to boost college completion.$90 million for a new education research and development program and $60 million more for research and evaluation programs at IES.
Education Departmenthttp://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/history/edhistory.pdf
U.S. vs. International
National Center for Education Statistics
http://nces.ed.gov/timss/idetimss/exportgenerater.aspx
Europe Educationhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/education/data/main_tables
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD)
Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)
1947
run the US-financed Marshall Plan
OECD founded 1961http://pisa2009.acer.edu.au/interactive.php
Broad National Analysis
How big science has affected educationHigh School Education
National Universities
National Labs
High School Education
Multiple AP science classes in preparation for college
AP Chemistry
AP Biology
AP Physics B
AP Physics C
Countless hours of lab experience involved
National Universities
Large and impacting labs present in every university
Many important discoveries have been created in university labs
Lyrica – created at northwestern by Richard Silverman
Northwestern University
Beitel Biology Research Laboratory
Morimoto Lab
The Stupp Lab
Backman Lab
Silverman lab
Nanotechnology labs
Biomedical labs
Neurobiology labs
Physics labs
Particle physics labs
Chemistry labs
University of Illinois
Kent labs
Noyes labs
Morrisey labs
Bochemistry labs
Cell and developmental biology labs
Neuroscience labs
Microbiology labs
Molecular biology labs
Chemical biology labs
Inorganic chemistry labs
Organic chemistry labs
Materials chemistry labs
Analytical chemistry labs
Engineering labsChemical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Biomedical engineering
Biomolecular engineering
University LabsMillion dollar budgets
Gigantic labs with hundreds of employees
Silverman Hall
Many universities are heavily research based
Universities attract professors not through academic means, but through a guarantee of lab space
National LabsNational Labs all over the world have summer programs for students to get involved in
Fermi Lab
Oak Ridge National Lab
Los Alamos National Lab
Argonne National Lab
Research at Northwestern
• One of the country’s leading private research universities
• Annual budget: 1.5 billion
• Office for Sponsored Research (OSR) facilitates $556 million additional dollars• Materials Research Center (for Material Research)
• Biomedical Engineering• Neuroscience
• Nanotechnology
• Biotechnology
• Drug discovery
Program of African Studies
Performance Studies
Marketing
Institute for Policy Research Partners
Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
Feinberg School of Medicine
National Laboratories
Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational
Programs (DEP)interlaces the U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory and the academic community
research participation programs directly sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy
intent to promote, develop, and facilitate educational and research interactions among Argonne and interested institutions, organizations and agencies
collaborates to provide educational opportunities for persons at all educational levels
universities
colleges
technical institutes
informal educational centers
consortia
precollege community
K-12 Programs
Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day
NEWTON
Rube Goldberg Machine Contest
Science Careers in Search of Women Conference
Educational Field Trips
Academies Creating Teacher Scientist Programs
Middle School Science Bowl
Teacher Resources/Workshops & Classes
Pre-Service Teacher (PST) Program
Indian Education Renewable Energy Challenge
Undergraduate Programs
Fall, spring, and summer undergraduate laboratory internships
Community college student internships
Pre-Service Teacher (PST) Program
Tribal Internship Program
Research Aide Appointments
Cooperative Education
Faculty and Student Team (FAST) Fellowships
Undergraduate Research Experience in Accelerator Physics (Lee Teng Internship)
Indian Education Renewable Energy Challenge
Graduate Programs
Laboratory-Graduate Research Appointments
Guest Graduate Appointments
Thesis-Parts Appointments
Research-Aide Appointments
Cooperative Education
National School on Neutron & X-
ray Scattering
Faculty Programs
Faculty Research Participation (Short-Term Appointments)
Faculty Research Leave (Sabbatical Leave)
Guest Faculty Research Participation Programs
Faculty &
Student Team (FAST) Fellowships
Postdoctoral Programs
Argonne Named Postdoctoral Fellowships
Directors Postdoctoral Fellowships
Division Postdoctoral Appointments
International Impact of Big
Science
Major International
InitiativesWeaponryCountries racing against each other
Nuclear weapons
Space RaceBegan as countries racing against each other
More recently, countries are working together and promoting unity in the name of science (further international unity)
International Space Station
CERN
OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
DevelopmentInternational cooperation – 34 countries involved
Oversee Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry, among many other things
International connectivity in the name promoting and furthering science and technology
CERNYes, CERN again.
One of Europe’s major unifying efforts
Countries rely on each other, thus promoting peace and unity in all fields
INTERNATIONAL STABILITY
Stable vs. Instable NationsToday, in order for a country to be regarded as advanced and reputable, it must boast a dedication to scientific innovation and research
Instability in many countries has hindered their respective abilities to effectively embrace Big Science, as must of the Western World has since WWII
Think Russia pre- and post- Cold War
Think China – recent decades of stagnation vs. centuries of flourishing vs. current improvements
Stability vs. Instability
Big Science has put stable countries at even more of an advantage than they would be at without it – they have the ability to further improve their standards of living, as we have learned is a result of Big Science
broader disparity of wealth
Exploitation of less developed, more tumultuous countries in the name of science
Sierra Leon and Angola: conflict diamondsMicroscopes, computer memory, lasers, drug research and administration
Education: Changes for the
FutureTP
What is up with schools today?
Teacher tenure debate
New rankings of schools
Everyone agrees that something must be done about the current U.S. education system, but what?
Theories on Education
In the following sections, we’ll look at different ideas about education.
Dan MeyerHigh school math teacher
Spoke at TED Talk- “Math class needs a makeover”
Math problems, and by extension, physics and chemistry problems, all share similar shortcomings
Math class needs a makeover
Students are given formulas and told how to find solutions to a problem.
E.g. “A cylinder holds 1 gallon of water. If water is poured in at a rate of 0.5 liters/min, how long will it take to fill the entire cylinder?”
Only required information given
No thinking required
In the FutureThe proper method of learning should be a form of active learning
Discover how to solve problems
Formulate answers to real life problems
Encourage discussion of ways to solve problems
Harder to teach this way, since most textbooks teach using the same methods
Sir Ken RobinsonAuthor and speaker on education
Knighted in 2003 for services to education
Pictures!
Robinson’s IdeasWhat does it mean by “ need to raise educational standards”?
Current system based on that of Industrial Revolution
Model of the functioning mind:Deductive reasoning
Knowledge of the classics
Academic vs Non-academic
Ideas Click icon to add picture
Fig 1. Map of Prescriptions for ADHD Across the U.S.
Source: CDC
Robinson’s IdeasTechnology provides more stimulation for children now than ever->academic learning looks boring
Incentives for following educational path?Job security
Application
Interest
The previous map showed more prescriptions for ADHD in the East side. Why? Possible that over stimulation mistaken for ADHD?
Model of Traditional EducationChildren separated by age
Placed in similar sized classes
Starts at 8AM and ends at 3PM
Teach using standard education methods
Evaluate using more and more standardized tests
This is a Factory-Line education
In the FutureMultiple ways to the solution->Don’t stifle creativity
Used to thinking one way that solutions can’t be found
Pictures!
Subjects aren’t separated->Integration of thoughts
Everyone learns differently-> Diversified education
Students learn best through collaboration
Discussion and Plans
Following will be things that are happening now amongst discussions for new plans
National Academies of
SciencesProvides advising about sciences on a national level
Started a series of meetings at the Keck Center of National Academies on Aug 17, 2009 to discuss amongst other things:
Redefining core ideas in science and how they can be taught
New structure for teaching sciences
Share experiences about different teaching methods
U.S. Department of Education
National Educational Technology Plan
Seven Steps:1. Strengthen Leadership
Need tech-savvy leaders and programs that incorporate use of more technology
Get students involved in planning process
2. Consider Innovative BudgetingAllot a percentage of totally budget for technology
Reallocate budgets that are already out
US Department of Education
3. Improve Teacher TrainingTrained in use of technology, data, and increased accountability
4. Support e-Learning Virtual SchoolsAccess provided for every student, encourage use of e-learning to meet No Child Left Behind requirements
5. Encourage Broadband Access
6. Move Toward Digital ContentCost saving and allow for connectivity
7. Integrate Data SystemCut down on administrative costs
Assessment of children on an individual level
National Science Foundation
Program: Computing Education for the 21st Century (CE 21)
Premise: Computer engineering is the basis of a lot of innovative machines today, but there has been a decreasing trend in those in the computer technology related work force
College freshman’s interest in becoming a computer engineer has decreased by 70% over the past decade
NSF [continued]CE 21 hopes to engage students in K-14 students early on in the computer sciences
Side note: K-14 is a new idea where students are helped to transition into community college after high school graduation, thereby increasing graduation rates
Plan is to fund 3 types of proposals:Type I: Studies in small scale schools to learn how best to teach and to learn computing and strategies
Type II: Studies in large scale schools
Or any proposals that will help Types I or II succeed
ConclusionNeed a large scale modification (some say “revolution”) of current educational system
Many plans proposed, but most have no concrete solutions
Class Ideas?Cost
Impact on those involved in the current educational system
Effectiveness
Works Citedhttp://www.nationalacademie
s.org/
http://www.energy.gov/
http://www.scied.science.doe.gov/scied/sci_ed.htm
http://objectivistindividualist.blogspot.com/2009/10/effectiveness-of-federal-government.html
http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1998/nsf9865/nsf9865.htm
http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/10facts/edlite-chart.html
http://kevinbenglish.wordpress.com/2009/12/27/estonia-kicks-butt-on-us-science-education/
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pubs/main2009/2011451.asp
http://nces.ed.gov/timss/idetimss/report.aspx
http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/history/edhistory.pdf
http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/discip07.pdf
http://www.nsf.gov/
http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3675,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/europe/09/eu_budget_spending/img/graph_education_466x485.gif
http://newsok.com/technological-advancements-claim-roots-in-wwii-era/article/3174637
Works Cited, cont.http://www.un.org/peace/africa/Diamond.html
http://www.time.cokm/time/world/article/0,8599,1712812,00.html
http://www.abazias.com/diamondblog/diamond-news/scientific-and-medical-applications-of-diamonds
http
://europa.eu/index_en.htm
http://www.research.northwestern.edu/about/index.htmlhttp://www.dep.anl.gov/
http://www.research.northwestern.edu/about/index.htmlhttp://www.dep.anl.gov/
http://www7.nationalacademies.org/bose/Core_Ideas_Homepage.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academies_of_Science
http://sirkenrobinson.com/skr/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Robinson_(British_author)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDZFcDGpL4U
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWUFjb8w9Ps
http://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_meyer.html
http://www.cdc.gov/NCBDDD/adhd/images/adhd_PrevalenceDataChart.jpg
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/os/technology/plan/2004/site/theplan/edlite-Recommendations.html
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