EFFECTIVE LECTURING Dr. Mohammed O. Al-Rukban Assistant Professor of Family Medicine

EFFECTIVE LECTURING

Dr. Mohammed O. Al-Rukban Assistant Professor of Family Medicine

Believe it or NotBelieve it or NotThe believability of what we The believability of what we

communicate is influenced:communicate is influenced: 7% by words.7% by words. 38% by tone of voice. 38% by tone of voice. 55% by body language.55% by body language.

Believe it or NotBelieve it or Not The impact of visuals on memory The impact of visuals on memory

retention shows that they are very retention shows that they are very effective in reinforcing what you say.effective in reinforcing what you say.

Retention____Retention____ After 3hAfter 3h After 3 daysAfter 3 days

Tell onlyTell only 70%70% 10% 10%Show only Show only 72%72% 20% 20%Show & tell Show & tell 85%85% 65% 65%

Believe it or NotBelieve it or NotA study on the effect of lecture A study on the effect of lecture

information density on medical information density on medical student achievement indicated student achievement indicated that: that: increasing the information increasing the information density of a lecture reduced density of a lecture reduced retention of the basic informationretention of the basic information

During the Lecture, Maximum During the Lecture, Maximum student concentration rose student concentration rose in :10-15minin :10-15min

* Purposeful (match needs)

Principles of Adult LearningPrinciples of Adult Learning

* Active

* Need clear objectives

* Need feedback

Teaching StrategyTeaching Strategy

Set (preparation)Set (preparation)

DialogueDialogue

**

ClosureClosure**

**

TeachingTeaching StrategyStrategy ( Set )

* * RolesRoles

* * Objectives / OutlineObjectives / Outline

PreparationPreparationList the steps for presentation List the steps for presentation preparationpreparationCriticize the different types of Criticize the different types of audiovisual aidsaudiovisual aidsIdentify the ideal slide preparationIdentify the ideal slide preparationRecognize the different interactive Recognize the different interactive techniquestechniques

PreparationPreparationOrganize the material thoroughly Organize the material thoroughly Chose 3 main pointsChose 3 main pointsPrepare more material than Prepare more material than expectedexpectedCheck A/V as this will guide the Check A/V as this will guide the presentationpresentation

Preparing for a lecture, Consider:Preparing for a lecture, Consider:

Students ( Students ( prior knowledge / prior knowledge / assumptionsassumptions ) )

Major points (Major points (concrete examples / concrete examples / linking to student own experiencelinking to student own experience ) )

Logical structure.Logical structure. Connections with previously covered Connections with previously covered

material.material. Fitting into overall plan.Fitting into overall plan.

TeachingTeaching StrategyStrategy ( Set )

* * RolesRoles

* * Objectives / OutlineObjectives / Outline

* * EnvironmentEnvironment

EnvironmentEnvironmentLocationLocationRoom sizeRoom sizeRoom temperatureRoom temperatureChairsChairsDoors and windowsDoors and windowsLighteningLighteningTimingTimingSetting toneSetting tone

TeachingTeaching StrategyStrategy(Dialogue)

* * QuestionsQuestions

* Silence

النبي في قال أصحابه مخاطباً الحج :

هذا شهر ورسوله ؟ أي الله قلناأنه فسكت أعلم، ظننا حتى

أليس قال أسمه، بغير سيسميهالحج ذا سأل ؟ هذا ثم ، بال قلنا

الطريقة هذا بنفس بلد وأي ؟ أيهذا مرة ؟ يوم كل يسكتوفي

ثم الجواب قبلوأموالكم دمائكم أن قال

كحرمة حرام عليكم وأعراضكمفي هذا شهركم في هذا يومكم

هذا ؟ بلدكم

االنتباه إثارةبالصمت

** Repeat Students AnswersRepeat Students Answers

* * Negative ResponseNegative Response

Responding SkillsResponding Skills

** Positive responsePositive response

** Follow-up questionsFollow-up questions

** Re-direct the questionRe-direct the question

TeachingTeaching StrategyStrategy(Dialogue)

* * QuestionsQuestions

* Understanding

How do I Promote Understanding How do I Promote Understanding

** Limit key points to 3-5Limit key points to 3-5

** Emphasize key pointsEmphasize key points

** Summarize after each key pointSummarize after each key point

** Use a variety of examples, diagramsUse a variety of examples, diagramsand illustrationsand illustrations

) ً مثال الله ضرب كيف ترى ألمطيبة طيبة كشجرة كلمة

السماء في وفرعها ثابت أصلهاربها بإذن حين كل أكلها ) تؤتى

إبراهيم

القرآن من أمثلةالكريم

الدنيا و ( الحيوة مثل لهم أضربفاخت هأنزلن كماء السماء به لمن ط

تذروهُ هشيماً فأصبح األرض نباُت qشٍئ كل على الله وكان الرياح

الكهف) ًارمقتد

السنة من أمثلةالمطهرة

القرآن ( يقرأ الذي المؤمن مثل إنطيب األترجه كمثل طعمها

طيب )وريحها

يسقط ( ال شجرة الشجر من إنمثل وإنها المسلم ورقها

هي ما ) ؟ حدثوني

الله خط ً رسول قال خطا ثم ، مستقيماً الله سبيل وخط هذا

هذه قال ثم وشماله يمينه عنعليها اال سبيل فيها ليس السبل

اليه يدعو قرأ شيطان وأن ) ثموال فاتبعوه مستقيماً صراطي هذا

عن بكم فتفرق السبل تتبعوا(سبيله

الرسومات استخدامالتعليم في والبيان للتوضيح

النبوي

Local Changes in Digestive Tract

Receptors in Digestive Tract

Intrinsic Nerve Plexuses

Extrinsic Autonomic Nerves

Smooth Muscle

Exocrine Gland

Endocrine Gland

Gastrointestinal Hormones

Short Reflex

Long Reflex

Hormonal Response

Local Changes in Digestive Tract

Receptors in Digestive Tract

Smooth Muscle

Exocrine Gland

Endocrine Gland

Gastrointestinal Hormones

Hormonal Response

Local Changes in Digestive Tract

Receptors in Digestive Tract

Extrinsic Autonomic Nerves

Smooth Muscle

Exocrine Gland

Endocrine Gland

Long Reflex

Local Changes in Digestive Tract

Receptors in Digestive Tract

Intrinsic Nerve Plexuses

Smooth Muscle

Exocrine Gland

Endocrine Gland

Short Reflex

Local Changes in Digestive Tract

Receptors in Digestive Tract

Intrinsic Nerve Plexuses

Extrinsic Autonomic Nerves

Smooth Muscle

Exocrine Gland

Endocrine Gland

Gastrointestinal Hormones

Short Reflex

Long Reflex

Hormonal Response

TeachingTeaching StrategyStrategy((DialogueDialogue))

* * QuestionsQuestions

* * UnderstandingUnderstanding

* * Presentation skillsPresentation skills

Presentation SkillsPresentation Skills

* EyeEye contactcontact

* SpeechSpeech

*IntroductionIntroduction

* MovementsMovements

* BodyBody gesturegesture* FacialFacial expressionexpression

عائشة قالت : عن ً كالما الله رسول كالم كان

سمعه . من كل يفهمه فاصالً

في الكالم وضوحالنبوي الخطاب

Effective Lecture

Teacher Learnerinteraction

Interactive Lecture

Interactive PresentationInteractive Presentation

Definition:Definition:Interactive presentation implies active Interactive presentation implies active involvement and participation by the involvement and participation by the audience so they are no longer passive audience so they are no longer passive in the learning process.in the learning process.

Yvonne Steinert & Linda S. Snell, 1999

HOW??HOW??

TeachingTeaching StrategyStrategy((DialogueDialogue))

* * QuestionsQuestions

* * UnderstandingUnderstanding

* * Presentation skillsPresentation skills

* * TimingTiming

Teaching StrategyTeaching Strategy ( CLOSURE )

** ReviewReview ** ObserveObserve non-verbal communicationnon-verbal communication

** SummarySummary

** Get feedback ( Get feedback ( 2 minute essay2 minute essay ) )

* * Termination (Termination (Take Home MassageTake Home Massage))

How can I improve my lectureHow can I improve my lecture

Get Feedback

** Peer consultationPeer consultation

** Tape your lecture Tape your lecture

** Student ( Student ( verbalverbal && writtenwritten ))

CHECKLISTCHECKLIST

FORFOR

EFFECTIVE LECTURINGEFFECTIVE LECTURING

Be PreparedBe Prepared

** Outline Clear ObjectivesOutline Clear Objectives

** Develop an OutlineDevelop an Outline

* * Limit main points to 3– 5 Limit main points to 3– 5

* * Plan for Diverse LearnersPlan for Diverse Learners

Engage Your AudienceEngage Your Audience

** Focus Attention Focus Attention

** Share Your Outline Share Your Outline

** Exhibit Enthusiasm Exhibit Enthusiasm

** Give Students Time to Think Give Students Time to Think and Opportunities and Opportunities to Respond to Respond

Get FeedbackGet Feedback

** Observe non-verbal Communication Observe non-verbal Communication ((note-taking , face expressionsnote-taking , face expressions and eye contact and eye contact ) )

** Ask about areas of confusion Ask about areas of confusion

SummarySummary Be prepared and chose three important points, Be prepared and chose three important points,

issues for your presentationissues for your presentation Eye contact, voice, and body gesture are the Eye contact, voice, and body gesture are the

areas needed much to convey your message areas needed much to convey your message to the audience (interactive technique)to the audience (interactive technique)

Find out the audio-visual available, and have a Find out the audio-visual available, and have a backup planbackup plan

Change the mode of delivery every 15 min Change the mode of delivery every 15 min and keep it interactive.and keep it interactive.