Edu Psychology

Educational Psychology:Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Theory and Practice

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Educational Psychology:A Foundation for Teaching

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ISBN:0-205-37338-0

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003

Organizing QuestionsOrganizing Questions

What Makes a Good Teacher? What Is the Role of Research

in Educational Psychology? What Research Methods Are

Used in Educational Psychology?

What Makes a Good Teacher?What Makes a Good Teacher?

Knowing the Subject Matters Mastering Teaching Skills Can Good Teaching Be

Taught? The Intentional Teacher

Knowing the Subject MattersKnowing the Subject Matters

Good teachers know subject matter well and are prepared with a variety of examples that bring lessons to life.

Mastering Teaching SkillsMastering Teaching Skills

Managing the Classroom Assessing Prior Knowledge Motivating Students Accounting for Learner

Characteristics

Mastering Teaching SkillsMastering Teaching Skills

Assessing Learning Outcomes Reviewing Information Communicating Ideas

Effectively

Can Good Teaching Be Can Good Teaching Be Taught?Taught?

“An outstanding teacher does nothing that any other teacher cannot also do—it is just a question of knowing the principles of effective teaching and how to apply them.” (p. 5)

Determinants of good Determinants of good teachingteaching

Self-Knowledge and Self-Regulation

Decision Making Reflection Application of Education

Research

Components of Good Components of Good TeachingTeaching

Knowledge of the Subject and Teaching Resources

Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills

Knowledge of Students and their Learning

Teaching and Communication Skills

The Intentional TeacherThe Intentional Teacher

“Intentional teachers are those who are constantly thinking about the outcomes they want for their students and about how each decision they make moves children toward those outcomes.” (p.7)

Characteristics of the Intentional Characteristics of the Intentional TeacherTeacher

Purposeful Lesson Plans Experiments with Novel

Techniques that Arouse Student Curiosity

Accounts for Multiple Ability Levels

Uses Class Time Wisely

Characteristics of the Intentional Characteristics of the Intentional TeacherTeacher

Teacher Efficacy Open to Criticism Reflective

The (Un)Intentional TeacherThe (Un)Intentional Teacher

“…there are teachers with twenty years of experience and there are teachers with one year of experience 20 times.” (p. 9)

Research in Educational Research in Educational

PsychologyPsychology

The goal of research in educational psychology is to test ideas about factors believed to contribute to learning.

Educational Psychology Educational Psychology ResearchersResearchers

Test Ideas Using Sound Research Methodology

Discover or Refine Principles and Theories that Enhance Predictability and Control in Educational Settings

The Experimental MethodThe Experimental Method

Laboratory Experiments Field Experiments Single-case Experiments

Internal and External ValidityInternal and External Validity

Laboratory

Experiments

INTERNAL

EXTERNAL

Internal and External ValidityInternal and External Validity

FieldExperiments

INTERNAL

EXTERNAL

Characteristics of Experimental Characteristics of Experimental ResearchResearch

Random Assignment Experimental Group Control Group

An Attempt to Equalize All Factors Except the Treatment for the Experimental and Control Groups

Establishes Cause and Effect Creates Artificial Conditions

Correlation MethodCorrelation Method

Calculates Relations Between Variables As They Naturally Occur

Positive correlation (greater than zero but less than or equal to 1)

Negative correlation (less than zero but greater than or equal to –1)

No correlation (equal to zero)

Does Not Establish Cause and Effect

Correlation Method ExamplesCorrelation Method Examples

Positive Correlation Hours of Study Per Week and

Grades Negative Correlation

Days Absent and Grades No Correlation

Math Achievement in Virginia is Probably Unrelated to Achievement Motivation in California.

Descriptive ResearchDescriptive Research

Survey Method Interview Ethnography

Descriptive Research MethodsDescriptive Research Methods

Provides Rich Detail Works with Natural Situations May Lack Scientific Objectivity

Action ResearchAction Research

A Particular Form of Descriptive Research Carried Out by Educators in their Own Classrooms or Schools

Can Provide Deeper Insight from Front-Line Teachers than Research Conducted by Outsiders

Lacks Objectivity

“…it is best to apply the [research] principles with a hefty dose of common sense and a clear view of what is being taught to whom and for what purpose.” (p. 15)

Research + Common Sense = Effective Teaching

Teacher WisdomTeacher Wisdom

End of Chapter 1End of Chapter 1