Metacognition

EDU 330: Educational Psychology

Dr. Daniel Moos

Let’s Review: The IPT Model(1) 2 minute summary of model(2) Identify one concrete implication (what does this theory suggest about what teachers can do to improve student learning?)

What is Metacognition?

Cognition refers to… The manner in which information is processed

(the way in which students process, store, retrieve, manipulate knowledge)

Metacogntion refers to… Knowledge about these operations and how they

may be best used to achieve a learning goal

What is Metacognition according to Flavell (1987)?

Knowledge-of-person variables Individual understanding (are you better at math

or English?) Knowledge-of-task variables

Knowledge of tasks (which tasks take you longer to complete?)

Knowledge-of-strategy variables Knowledge of effective strategies (which

strategies are most effective for you?)

Does a teacher’s expectation align with the students’ perception of expectation?

Directions: Count the vowels (a, e, i, o) and recall the order in each word (30 seconds)

Dollar billKangarooTricycleCloverPentagonDiceDays in a weekSpiderCat LivesDime

o a i a a oo i e o e e a o i e a i a ee i e a i e i e

Does a teacher’s expectation align with the students’ perception of expectation?

Directions: Recall the words. Hint: There is a relation between word and order; e.g., One dollar (30 seconds)

Dollar billKangarooTricycleCloverPentagonDiceDays in a weekSpiderCat LivesDime

Transparency of

expectations!

Transparency of expectations: How to learn….and metacognition

A critical turning point during World War II was…hmm..wonder what I should wear tomorrow…World War II, December 7, 1941….I am really mad at what Sally said to me in PE today….let’s see..I’ve finished the first part of the chapter..

A critical turning point during World War II was…I think we talked about this yesterday …World War II, December 7, 1941...I don’t really understand this paragraph…I better read it again…

(1) What is the difference between studying and learning?

(2) How can teachers be explicit about expectations?(3) How can you support learning (vs. studying)?

Helping students to learn during reading….PLAN

I’m going to read a book about a nonfiction topic, and I really don’t know much about it. I think I should read slowly. If I still don’t understand, I may need to reread or skim the text.

I already know something about this topic. It is... I’ve seen this before when I went to... I see lots of graphics and charts. I’ll need to use those to help me

understand what I’m reading. Are there any clue words and phrases that might help figure out what

text structure I’m reading? Before I continue reading, I need to stop and think about what I just

read and make sure I understand it. If I don’t, I need to stop and plan.

Helping students to learn during reading….MONITOR & EVALUATE

What might happen next? Why do I think that? What was this page about? How does the graphic on this page help me understand the text? What can I write or draw that might help me remember and

understand what I just read?

____________________________________________________ How well did I read and understand? What strategies worked well for me?/ didn’t work… What should I do next time? How will I remember what I read?

Helping students to become self-regulated learners…

Theoretical FrameworksSocial Cognitive Approach (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1997; Zimmerman, 2000) )

Age trends in Metacognition Young Elementary (6 yr olds)

Do know: Familiar items easier to remember, small set of information easier to recall

Do not know: Limit to amount one can recall Young Elementary (7 yr olds)

Do know: Interest, familiarity, and story length affect comprehension and recall

Do not know: Effect of how ideas are sequenced, time of test should affect study time

Elementary (9 yr olds) Do know: Recall is limited (younger children overestimate how

much they can store and retrieve in STM) Begin to understand when they know something well enough to

pass a memory test (younger children choose to study something they had already seen)