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Editorial This is number 28 of the Bulletin of prevention and security against terrorism and the new threats TRIARIUS. We have come an important way in different ways. On the one hand, we are overcoming the test of time, because we already spent a year publishing every two weeks. On the other hand, the impact of the publication has been tremendous, exceeding all initial expectations, the growing number of subscribers, both for the quality of the articles and analysis underpinning that popularity. Thank you for making part of this process, together we contribute to making the world a safer place to Exchange useful information for free and disinterested. In this Edition, the Colonel (r) Blasco of the army of Spain, presents a detailed analysis into two parts on the complex problem in Syria. Certainly from a point of view that differs from what sell us media, and it is that that is: If in this journal we repitiésemos the same thing that the media tell us, this initiative would lose interest and usefulness. We want to enrich the debate, and that alone is accomplished by presenting alternative or divergent visions. Followed step, our partner of the Argentina police speaks of the Internet of things and implied cyberthreats. Anticipating that, to greater technological sophistication, the greater the risks that we face. From Brazil, the second lieutenant of the police Terroni, presents an approach to the problem of public safety compounded the errors and mistakes of the Brazilian Government, as well as some notes on the Venezuelan situation as migrants through It ends up hitting the Brazil (and the other countries of the region). We decided to leave the article in its original language so its meaning is not changed when you try to translate it, we consider that the Portuguese is more or less comprehensible to Spanish speakers. There is this challenge. The Colonel Martínez writes from Uruguay, presenting a detailed analysis on organized crime in South America, saying that that is precisely the greatest threat we face. It invites us to take action to remind us that without security there is no democracy. We end this installment with a work which addresses the issue of Corporate Social responsibility, as a strategy to curb and reverse the environmental damage. This subject engages with the Colonel Martínez. It affirms in its conclusions that ".. .the States must tackle the structural causes of poverty", would add to this: but not alone, private enterprise, the business sector, must also engage and make synergies that together raise the quality of life of the population, reducing the rates of violence and at the same time recovering the environment. We hope that this edition is the satisfaction of our kind readers.
Douglas Hernández Editor
This is the english version of the Triarius bulletin ISSN 2539-0015.
ISSN: 2538-9610 (on line)
Medellín - Colombia
Volume 2 - Issue 28
May 1, 2018 Editor Douglas Hernández Experts Triarius Francisco Javier Blasco, Braian Arroyo, Marco Aurelio Terroni, Daniel Martínez, Douglas Hernández
This bulletin is a publication of the International Observatory on Terrorism and New Threats. It is produced biweekly, in pdf format, and its distribution is free. Contact Information:
Douglas Hernández Medellín, Colombia Movil: (+57) 321-6435103 director@fuerzasmilitares.org hernandez.douglas@hotmail.com
©
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28 TRIARIUS, content: The derivative of the Syrian problem (1st part) By Francisco Javier Blasco, Colonel (r) (Spain) The derivative of the Syrian problem (2nd part) By Francisco Javier Blasco, Colonel (r) (Spain) IOT and cyberthreats Will the crooks and terrorists to use them? By Braian Arroyo (Argentina) Or terrorism us racks gives policy By Marco Aurelio Terroni (Brazil) Organized crime. The greatest threat of South America By Daniel Martínez (Uruguay) Wealth and sustainability in the management of the transcomplex By Douglas Hernández (Colombia)
On the cover, personnel of the Special Operations Command of the Army of Nicaragua.
See the unit's review at the end of the magazine.
TRIARIUS privileges the freedom of expression, however, the responsibility for what is said in
the articles, is exclusive of its authors.
Special thanks to international analysts who have sent us their articles for this issue for free.
We send a very special greeting to all our readers. We appreciate the kindness you have had to subscribe and read every two weeks the different texts that we present. We want to contribute in the fight against new threats and terrorism. In this opportunity in the most respectful way we ask you the favor of circulating this virtual magazine among your friends and related, take advantage of having a virtual publication of this type to spread it to more people. In addition, we allow you to remind us of the subscription link: https://lnkd.in/ec_5Kr9 Thank you very much for helping us spread the culture of prevention and safety.
4
The derivative of the Syrian problem By Francisco Javier Blasco, Colonel (r) (Spain)
Explosion of a car bomb in a pro-government Syrian post, during clashes between rebel fighters and regime forces to take control of an
area in the southern city of Daraa on February 20, 2017. / AFP
At beginning of last year I published a work of
analysis and exploration on the long and terrible
conflict in Syria that I titled "Syria the big test bench"
[1]. Work, which I bring up because, despite having
spent enough time since its publication contains many
points and concepts that, for the most part fully
maintain their validity or that have been complying to
strictly as I dared to predict. Despite more than 15 months have passed since
that, the situation has not improved at all, although for
some part of the international community (IC) has tried
to present it as the beginning of the end of the Islamic
State in those lands and the imminent return to
normalcy in a country scraped by the war, with almost
half a million dead and millions of refugees and
displaced persons. Apart from these horrifying figures and the reality
that exists in the physical terrain, Syria will take much
to close moral, personal, political, ethnic and religious
wounds that have been styling not only because of its
own inhabitants, rulers and illuminated and messianic
leaders political and religious Syrian, but the
satisfaction of the most spurious interests of certain
external actors to which made mention in the
aforementioned work because, after this period of
time, most have been able of reaffirm and increase
what is feared of them, take their own performance,
popularity or make certain continuity in their
respective armchairs with a most welcome, if possible,
by their unconditional and completely blinded
followers. By not dwell much on this second paper on the
subject, only I would like to mention the points and
most noteworthy actors of my previous product
depending on the importance of the revenues
obtained by them. Starting with Erdogan, who in two major military
operations on a strip of Syrian territory where his
eternal "enemies" dwelt the Kurds has managed to
achieve a greater killing, ensure dominion over these
and, at the same time, cut off their plans for the
resurgence of the new Kurdish homeland. His most
well known and not so almost nothing criticized
"operation branch of olive" was executed mercilessly
for weeks without much opposition and little or no
controversy by the CI. Improvement in the role play and international
importance of Iran in the intervention or conflict
resolution in your area of interest and
influence. Country that has slowly been sneaking and
officially expand in Syria and Iraq, has been involved
in heavy fighting against different types of opponents,
has shared experiences with allied forces and
militarily established a few miles from the own border
with Israel.
5
Al-Assad dictator international impunity which
continues under the umbrella of Putin while his
country continue using directly or indirectly chemical
weapons against its civilian population and follow
massacring with impunity to the areas of his people
who are contrary to your ideas, precepts or intentions. The importance of Putin in the international arena
to present itself as the only global partner able to stop
the feet to the Almighty Trump and nip you in his
delusions of grandeur and reckless impulses war
launched by twitter as if it were any thing without
importance, instead of thinking that these attitudes
may trigger a world war of incalculable dimensions. Putin, as a good predictor, I described that on
several occasions as "zorro", has been able to handle
the situation from the outset. He saw in Syria the best
opportunity to enlarge on a personal level, strengthen
the Russian military capabilities and to launch Russia
into international leadership despite being in Frank
military and economic disadvantage with its powerful
opponent U.S. Not only found the way to keep his real presence
in the area and improve logistics capabilities to feed
and support their fleet in the Middle East and the
Mediterranean. It was like the man who never leaves
his "friends" by far that has to cover the nose when
giving them a hug. He has practiced and improved
much of its new and sophisticated weapons in real war
exercises and has massacred many potential jihadists
that your environment from fighting in Syria in order to
train for a much closer fight back to Russian interests. Your master moves to present to the CI as a man
of peace, are keys to increase their prestige. First it
deceived the whole world with that fleeting campaign
of lifting, moving, cleaning and destruction of the
powerful Syrian arsenal in chemical weapons in the
hands of all kinds of factions in dispute. Just a few that
we have dedicated much time to the study of weapons
of mass destruction (WMD) we know of the difficulties
that it holds and that it is impossible to do in a time
record and less in the middle of a conflict, without real
files and identifications of materials held by all sides in
conflict and with so few physical and material
resources to do so. We must not forget that after a lot
of years since the breakdown of the USSR, despite
the vast amounts of foreign money invested in it -
primarily American - still has failed is destroying all
chemical weapons existing in several of its former
republics. He presented himself as a liberator of the yoke
jihadist with a total in the conflict in contrast to other
senior leaders, when in fact involvement, their actions
had more than one real objective or ultimate purpose. Subsequently, he led the cycle of meetings of
peace in Astana with the support of Iran and Turkey to
"officially" to find a solution to the problem of Syrian,
leaving behind and out of any role to the US and the
rest of the CI. Now, as Cherry which crowns the great cake,
leaves us with the cynical role of protector of his
friends. Before the occurrences of running some kind
of retaliation by the CI headed by the talkative or
rather deslenguado Trump concerning Al-Assad and
his evil forces to employ, for the umpteenth time,
chemical agents on the last districts in the hands of
the rebels and n Duma before being conquered by
force and have caused some 50 dead and several
hundreds wounded among the civilian population,
Putin for feet and slows down its bellicose impulses
clearly warned that said attack, without a doubt, it
could cause an international incident or the war
between Russia and the United States. Has not had another bright idea that the put a little
courageous Syrian forces loyal to the dictator to
amparo and coverage well nourished and prepared
Russian forces, deploying them together and even
intertwined with a broad deployment of Russian flags
on the vehicles, bases and buildings. Rash and irreverent threats Trump promised
numerous new, beautiful, efficient missiles on Syrian
troops, have been postponed indefinitely by the
Pentagon itself, to understand that the risks of a
conflict of such caliber were more than insurance such
and how they are things in the international
arena. Any attack on Syrian forces could be taken as
done on Russian forces, and in this case, Russia
would have an obligation to defend themselves to feel
attacked. A few means of transport for troops, and some
battleships or Russian aircraft and a few flags
interspersed them with tattered Syrian forces, so that
the most powerful machine of world war stops
immediately have been sufficient. It is not enough for
France to secure evidence of the origin and use of
such chemical weapons. The aforementioned
Russian threat, on the other hand, is more than
sufficient for cousins of the United Kingdom, once
always willing to go blind and deftly in support of the
Yankees in any conflict, doubt the desirability of doing
so and materialize strong protests among its citizens
to avoid being involved in this potential "problem".
6
Germany, after falling again and more forcefully in
the paralyzing grip of German socialism, not seen or
are waiting for you in this conflict and Italy and Spain,
immersed in multiple internal problems and
increasingly questioned internationally, have not
even informed of such intentions by way of courtesy
among allies, because their acquiescence and much
less its presence not interested, nor as a mere
comparsa. On the other hand, should bear in mind that the
authorship, intensity and severity of the attack with
chemical weapons are not confirmed by any official
body. Anyone could use these agents or others of
lesser intensity if they were used, as there was, at that
time, - at least apparently - many more interests in it
by outside actors to Al-Assad than by their own efforts
and with the consent or knowledge of Russia. Thus we are, the problem is now much more
severe that 15 months ago; most have taken and
enjoyed their long-awaited slices of this theme and its
corresponding derivative. But, for others there is still a
long-travel shocks, lies, decoys and traps to go
standby achieve more fruits or placed in a better
international situation and to the rest, is only when
trying to swim and, at the same time, take care of your
clothes. At this point and time, we don't know if there will
be retaliation on Syria and what will be their level of
intensity, in the case of, but what is certain, is that they
will not be neither as simple nor as intense as they
were initially projected and envisioned by some of its
instigators. Trump, once again in the international arena, has
started to eat his own words and threats; Macron
continues to feed its national and international
prestige and the United Kingdom as well as not to
reach a decisive point, has had to eat with potatoes
attacks with chemical agents of high risk in their own
territory on a former Russian spy and his
daughter; only a few symbolic gestures with
expulsions of known spies disguised as diplomats and
quickly balanced by the other party have been the
consequences of everything. Now, USA and his emaciated and fragile coalition
delay undated or canceled a hastily - announced to all
hype - military retaliation and the UNSC still shows as
inoperative and useless as many years. I can not
understand how some believe feet deep in the
possibilities and capabilities of some of his many
offices, departments and Commissioners, when
neither the UN Assembly nor its Board - maximum
bodies executives and key of the Organization -
are Unable to make an effective decision or even be
taken into consideration. Have completed times of large stakes or big, girl,
ordagos pairs and game at the same time - using
terms of the game of Mus - which as we all know, not
can be launched at the same without solution of
continuity under penalty of receiving a lethal blow in
one of the stakes, because it is materially impossible
that all of them are true. I think the current arising from the conflict in Syria
are more than sufficient to demonstrate that things will
get much worse; everything is upside down and that
in this situation, Xi Jimping nor Kim Jong - a have
opened the mouth or published any of his thoughts on
the matter. It is very clear that, today, the world is
completely helpless and at the mercy of any crazy who
wants to become a causus belli own any outside
situation. The balances between the major
superpowers have lost their respective alliances and
nobody is a reliable arbitrator in cases fragrant of
major abuses and ruthless desaguisados. And what is
worse, we will have to take care of releasing threats
that followed are impossible to realize. Above all this, we the españolitos foot, follow us,
tremendously worried the growing network of
falsehoods in many of the bloated, useless and
inconsistent CVs of politicians by crap master of low
or no qualifications, of Media hair or worse still, what
each day will make Puigdemont, his acolytes, or
illustrious Torrent; What will be their next steps in this
endless tiredness and irresolvable separatist problem
invented and powered by spurious interests in which
seeks not a true solution to the problem, but in which
its main actors Castle in search of apparent and bulky
big political charges, chimeric aspirations
nacionalistas-separatistas, useless and pirricos baths
of crowds and, in some cases, trying to do away with
their pockets full of black or easy money at the
expense of all Spaniards and especially the Catalans
who appear and promise to "defend".
[1] https://sites.google.com/site/articulosfjavierblasco/siria-el-gran-banco-de-pruebas Source of Image: http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/18/chemical-weapons-arent-the-real-problem-in-syria/
7
The derivative of the Syrian problem (2nd part) By Francisco Javier Blasco, Colonel (r) (Spain)
The confrontations in Syria between the different actors of the conflict, have led to the destruction of important urban sectors and other
infrastructure. Since fighting continues in many places, recovery becomes difficult.
Few days ago I published a work with the same
title [1] which was actually nothing more than a
summary of what already predicted and analysed a 15
months earlier in another work on Syria in this
network. In one of the comments to the last post on
LinkedIn, I promised a second part to it which,
summarized, more developed these derivatives would
be after what has come to call, or labeled "the
ataquito" in reprisal for the latest outrage sobr (e) the
Syrian population by entering game, again, some kind
of chemical weapon. As I already dared to predict, international or
tripartite response has been, much to say against,
very low intensity; Remote initial true
intentions; warned in advance, almost consensus
between us and Russia and that, in reality, has not
served to nothing, as you could see by ruso-siria
propaganda campaign to publish the next morning a
video of Al-Assad going to work like any normal day
on a polished e Immaculate marble floor. The center of scientific research in the Barzeh,
Syria, was one of the targets of the bombing of United
States, United Kingdom and France, along with two
warehouses with chemical weapons in the province of
Homs and a command also located in the Syrian
province Center. (Photo: AP) But this does not detract for stating many of the
conclusions or derived step by enunciating a brief
review or comment to each one of them. First of all, I would like to highlight the low value
of the threats from both top leaders of the two major
powers in such a conflict. Neither Putin nor Trump,
despite having used to fund both in media to which
recur more frequently, have met their bravado or
outbursts. Good thing that occurs, but evil in regards
to its use or use for matters of importance or
severity. Never should threaten anyone or at nothing,
but take it must be conscious of if it is going to do,
because otherwise, the unfulfilled bravuconada plays
against the leader who pronounces it and credibility of
the country that holds you especially if these are truly
powerful. Another point on the irrelevancias is the UNSC, a
body unable to serve for anything as much as the
Secretary General of the Organization to work on
boost. Totally discredited after many years of vetoes
and votes against against real world relevance
issues; Now you can not retrieve your role assigned in
the international arena as his older brother, can not do
8
it but with less punitive category, the UN General
Assembly. The in-depth reform of the role, structure,
capacities, funding and mandates of the UN and its
main decision-making elements is every day much
more urgent and necessary under penalty that,
depending on the irrelevant nature that this has, loses
all its meaning and is abandoned or neglected so
much more obvious, widespread and final. Lies reported on chemical weapons in Syria, its
current existence, alleged cleaning or eradication
carried few years ago with all the pageantry, bass
drum, cymbal and acceptance for all actors in those
acts and moments have been in question by
announcing now that the actions of reprisal bombing
have mainly aimed at destroying targets which are
manufactured or stored such weapons of mass
destruction (WMD). Us misled as to Chinese three
years [2] or they are doing it now. Someone or all lie
in this matter. The efficiency and freedom of action of the
Convention on chemical weapons (OPCW by its
acronym in English) [3] and the organization that
works to their advantage, and forbidden them
(OPCW) [4] have been once again called into
question. They have pointed out several days and
different permits or visas of the troops present in the
scene of Duma, so inspectors, have more or less been
able to access these so-called scenarios [5]. After so
much time for it, is completely contrary to good results
about the origin and the agent employed since has
been able to "clean up" the crime scene or mask this
way and thereby that it is impossible to draw
conclusions determining incriminating. Russia and Putin has solidified his theory of not to
abandon their "friends" and followers. You know
reward services and reward those that provide
them; even at the expense of a confrontation widely
against the rest of the world. Paper and this situation,
which is at odds with the position appreciated in the
USA and Trump. These have returned to play its
traditional role to seek or create, train and support in
various ways possible "friends" so they are these who
carried out play dirty or bloodiest field role; to then
abandon them to their fate when already not
interested, they are slaughtered or its role has
decreased in importance. Forms these disparate Act
that in the short to medium term will give different fruits
will not consolidate or move away to possible aliados-
amigos of the "protective" wings of the American
Eagle and, conversely, will enhance the prospects for
strange alliances with the Russians.
Actors from second row to the conflict, but no less
important, as the Kurds, Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia
and Israel have also suffered the consequences of
different consideration. Under the excuse of fighting
against the ISIS, all these actors have also spoken of
different shape and intensity, but, for none of them,
the jihadists were their enemy or goal to beat. Each
has maintained its agenda in more or less veiled way,
but with clear intentions of being not simply
testimonial. Their respective enemies, in general,
have suffered major or significant casualties or losses
that the ISIS which sought to combat form singular or
specifically so apparent. His personal performances have led them to
clashes between them although of different
importance, significance and future in the international
arena. Of all the potential future conflict, as well as the
derivative of the Kurdish massacre carried out with
impunity by the Turkey's Erdogan dictator, which may
have more perspective and transcendence is a
potential direct or indirect conflict between Israel and
Iran. If us leaves the area, as it seems and points, and
Russia continues to support Syria and Iran even
selling it, as it has already done in some cases,
sophisticated weapons - missiles S-300 and S-400-,
Israel will be in inferior conditions to confront Iran and
his acolytes deployed and already very strong in
several of its borders that are not really common. The
potential confrontation between the two is taking
increasingly more weight and hence the efforts of
Israel to make us not to leave the area or decrease its
political pressure on Iran. Saudi Arabia appears to have understood that
their actions should be more forceful and that to do
this it requires armed forces even more prepared and
equipped with the best and most modern materials of
war. Hence the recent row-shop made by its main
Prince to happen on the throne in search of allies and
materials that alleviate the few good and many bad
results from their efforts and participation of both Syria
and Yemen where supported factions adept, though
bit efficient or personally acted in unorthodox way. Putin has improved significantly its internal image,
quite external to the arising opposite the all powerful
Trump in a way that shows more and more able to rein
him in their initial impulses and even to reach certain
agreements, more or less veiled to act both face
abroad and with respective positive domestic
repercussions. Suffice it to check the acceptance and
official support which just received Putin in
presidential elections in Russia that has won them
9
with 76% of the vote [6] and that, according to the
polls, the domestic popularity of Trump does not
decrease despite the multiple and di verses scandals,
political, economic, and skirts that are constantly
coming to light. Other possible victims or derived from the conflict
is known as the Iranian nuclear programme that
Trump is not very convinced to leave it as its
predecessor Obama; conceived him Since, in short, it
is not more than a postponement so that legally, in a
few years, Iran can do what you wish on this
subject. Following its aforementioned policy use and
throw or leave "partners of convenience" can that after
using Iranian troops in fighting on the ground the ISIS
to change, among others, impulse and signing of this
agreement, it is now time to review it to the lower or
cancel it. Thing that influences and much Israel not
interested in who at all that Iran becomes a nuclear
power in the area and that, therefore, can fall into the
temptation of bringing to fruition their eternal threat to
wipe off the map Israel and the Israelites. Saudi
Arabia is also influencing the same sense because in
the struggle for regional hegemony and religious
above two trends in the Muslim world is not nothing
happy about this possibility, what would put you in
Frank disadvantage or avocaría you to seek
such weapons directly or through its purchase in other
fishing grounds in Pakistan. The survival of Al-Assad is one of the direct
consequences of the conflict. Despite international
hatred against it, generated by multiple, proven
atrocities and massacres favored by the dictator on his
own population, has saved his neck for several
fundamental reasons: his friendship with Putin in
Exchange for continue assuring the permanence of
bases military and logistical Russian in Syrian territory
which give access to the region and mainly support
their forces in the Mediterranean; friendship and
strong ties with Iran, who has not hesitated to deploy
forces and Allied (Hezbollah) in strong and serious
direct support to his person and claims and because
neither us nor EU interested create the third failed
State in the region to the style of the co n Qaddafi in
Libya and with Sadam Husein in Iraq about the
consequences that these have generated. Throughout the conflict, its evolution and in the
search for solutions has been manifest timid reaction
and little or no capacity for action and political and
military response, both of the EU and NATO. Two
organisms that are geographic and
geoestrategicamente directly affected by the conflict
and its consequences, have not known or been able
to intervene or mediate effectively in it. That have
collided with scarce abilities, many military limitations
and great political discrepancies as happened with the
Affairs of Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea. Putin
has used both conflicts to be tightening the strings of
the violin and already have it perfectly in tune and to
point after checking that both do not constitute a
fearsome enemy safe who have us unconditional
support. Support, Trump, since the same election
campaign, has been being challenged with constant
demands, statements and threats on both, and
especially with the degree of involvement of the
"partners". Thing, that in spite of some dialectic efforts
and many statements of intent, are still very distant in
time and we will see if they really something tangible
within the period of two decades. The little individual
and collective support European and NATO prior and
subsequent to the aforementioned action of retaliation
carried to term by its three main partners has been
pathetic and almost shameful. On the other hand, and in this sense, all
indications are that both Macron and May have not
hesitated to use its squalid supports in average real
operation to relaunch their figures and political
leadership at a time in which, for different
reasons both were suffering situations of very low
altitude and popularity. Thing, which also has been
sold very positively in the U.S. to try to silence the
many political, ethical, moral and economic offensives
that Trump faces in the opinion of his fellow citizens at
a time very close to the renewal of a very important
part of their legislators in the Senate and the House of
representatives [7]. The last international reaction on the new use of
chemical weapons on the ground has shown that
participation in the attack has been shamefully
announced over and over again to not raise any kind
of blisters, mainly on Putin and very low intensity,
despite have been announced with trumpets, drums
and Bugles with several days in advance. True the
Pentagon analysts have left well clear to the
vocinglero of Trump, that the consequences of an
attack properly would have been of major proportion,
and might even have become a new confrontation or
direct world war between the major world military
powers. The nation stood worse in the international arena
has been Germany, who, despite having on their
backs, after the Brexit, responsible for directing and
managing the EU in important policies and further than
10
mere economic roles, the location of his Government
under the iron and Socialist threat has led ignominious
way to mere internal survival and passing on tiptoe of
this and all the ills that afflict and thundering away from
home. Spain has done well to not interfere for two main
reasons: its limited capacity in this type of operations
and because, as we know, any participation by
minimum or testimonial that she is, with a high degree
of probability will be meanly employed by the
opposition at any time and may even cause
unthinkable changes of Government. For something it will be that all the actors in this
true drama have been quick to justify their scarce
participation and the limited scope of its effects, at the
same time it promised that there would be continuity
in the attacks on Syria. Once again in recent times,
the drums of war are parked in a matter of days or
hours. Wait to conclusions take Kim Jong - a thing and
if you or not to turn his steps and intentions and
abandon his announced willingness on the
denuclearization of North Korea. The role of Turkey in this conflict has already been
mentioned in part. It should highlight the reactions and
official statements of Erdoğan after retaliation have
caught all somewhat off guard [8] since although it
participates together with Russia and Iran in
Astana/Geneva agreements for a peaceful solution to
the conflict does not share the ideology political or
religious Asad although indirectly collaborates with
freeing him and waging is likewise an important
cancer already developed and cystic, the Kurdish
peshmergas with validated preparation and combat
capability thanks to the multiple American support. Last and not least, we must draw attention in
Syrian victims after this long conflict that are coded in
approximately half a million dead and between three
and five million refugees and displaced persons, as
well as the near total destruction of major cities,
facilities and properties of a fairly educated,
hardworking people and with high hopes to thrive as
opposed to their neighbors to either side. It will take
many years to put back this country after a bloody war
that began as a revolt or civil protest to a style more
than Arab springs of seven years; gradually it became
a civil war with all its aggravating and terrible
consequences; It gave I shelter, support and amparo
to the ISIS and it has finished being an international
conflict of tremendous proportions with multiple actors
and varied interests. I don't think they will succeed in
several generations and, contrary to what many
people think, the conflict and its various actors are not
ready to end or retract nor soon nor easily even
though already announced it or so it sold Americans.
Notes and references [1] https://sites.google.com/site/articulosfjavierblasco/las-derivadas-del-problema-sirio [2] thing that some always have maintained for your failure as a function of time and the means used for this purpose, as well as the complicated offering the situation of war in the territory, the dispersion of these media on it and that they were in hands of almost all factions of different fur, intentions and level of cooperation. [3] https://www.opcw.org/sp/convencion-sobre-las-armas-quimicas/ [4] https://www.opcw.org/sp/ [5] http://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2018/04/18/5ad721cd22601d7e108b4570.html [6] https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/03/18/actualidad/1521395875_776393.html [7] https://www.efe.com/efe/america/politica/las-legislativas-de-2018-en-eeuu-un-referendo-sobre-la-presidencia-trump/20000035-3480550 [8] https://www.voanoticias.com/a/arabia-saudita-medio-oriente-siria-reaccion-a-ataque-de-eeuu/4348173.html Source of Image: http://elestimulo.com/blog/al-menos-230-618-muertos-desde-inicio-de-conflicto-en-siria-segun-activistas/ Francisco Javier Blasco (Spain) Colonel of the Army, in the reserve. He was Deputy Director of the Intelligence Center of the Armed Forces (CIFAS) and Head of the Proliferation Department; Defense Attaché in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic; 2nd Head of the Hispano-Italian Brigade in the Western Region (KFOR) in Kosovo; Senior Professor of the Army at the School of the Armed Forces (ESFAS) of CESEDEN, among other important positions.
11
IOT and cyberthreats Will the crooks and terrorists to use them? By Braian Arroyo (Argentina)
Nowadays the internet of things (IOT), artificial intelligence (AI) and advance to the next high speed 5G
networks are changing the world, looking for efficiency and the optimization of enterprises and the common user,
but all these great benefits of a very near future has its dark side, and the crooks and the new era of the
cyberterrorists would strive search their vulnerabilities and cause unimaginable damage with million-dollar losses
and even hundreds of human lives, this isn't science fiction, is happening and today are strangers to it. With digitization and evolution by leaps of technology and the use of information, allowed that gradually are
becoming part of our lives daily, finding ourselves in an increasingly interconnected world, where up to even our
appliances are evolving to have internet connection. This new era is known as the "internet of things", where it is estimated that you to within a few years there
are more than 50 billion objects connected to the internet, which, although for many public and private entities
will allow an improvement in efficiency also brings us rigged the concern by vulnerabilities generated by this
evolution, increasingly more feasible to cyber-attacks. Everyday life Even a few years ago you could imagine all this, but now we can think of how this interconnection with the
digital world will radically change our lives. Where simply from our smartphone we send a message to the output of work to our computer at home so
that the same active multiple sensors and clean us inside, prepare us the food, put a relaxing music, which
arrived to give it Welcome and so we can just relax. Within this wonderful world where things will be more simple and efficient both for businesses and home
use, will have to fight against the main threat that are cyber-attacks, since it will have thousands of ports
where enter our system as being a simple coffee and/or a Smart TV and so made the network and our
information. According to specialists, over the next two years will grow the attacks on these systems at a 30 or 40% by
cybercriminals who seek to steal money or only hackers who want to leave without service to thousands of users
or disable business platforms to provide services that are based on IOT. How are we affected? Nowadays companies use cookies (information sent by a web site and stored in the browser of the user, so
that the website can consult the previous user's activity), entering in our small devices files that we cannot see
12
them, but the pages web if and this is allowing them to obtain a digital trail our so that when we come back to
visit this website it will remind us and know who we are, now imagine those cookies within each device n ur
House to obtaining information, , we could say that the internet us monitors unless we know it. All electronic devices that were part of our lives can be tools for someone else we observe. Vulnerable systems On the one hand, we find to our end user where to manage remotely their air conditioning, you will receive
alerts of your refrigerator when you shortage of any product, but on the other hand you will find companies that
must seek strategies for safety and avoid information gaps. Today has taken a due weight increasing attacks from phishing and rasomwares, and as we can listen to it
in multiple congresses the weakest is the user is the main human error is curious by nature and sometimes
by ignorance can access the links that we send our teams to be infected to pass or use our information for
malicious purposes. How could the criminals and terrorists exploit this vulnerability? To understand this scheme first we must clarify some basic concepts. When he is an attack or terrorist attack always seeks that its impact is of great magnitude and to reach
around the world, that's so now they have evolved in their modus operandi, making use of information
technologies to expand its broadcasting by digital media through blogs, videos, and recruitment for social
networks. So many of the extremist groups are also composed of professionals in computer science, doctors,
engineers, etc. So they are trained to carry out cyber attacks of magnitude to technological infrastructures of
large corporations or Governments to unbalance the system. With the implementation of IOT industries may have access by means of attacks on remote medical
controls, companies of geolocation, logistics, energy networks of critical issue, PLC, aqueducts and
pipelines. "Any attack in this sense is a social impact as left without light to a city, exploit a pipeline or suicide". As above in the year 2017 in Europe, a group of crooks put malicious code through a malware on ATMs,
causing the expulsion without the money of the same control. Another example of this, in October 2016, cyber criminals carried out a denial of service against Dyn, one
of the most important Internet companies in the world, attack through small cameras installed in public and left
without Internet to much of the United States. how far could they go with a cyber attack? Without going into too much detail, according to specialists an attack to a medical infrastructure
interconnected by IOT could cost many lives, since if such an attack affects the power supply of the same this
would entail that people they depend on for a medical equipment (electrical) energy to stay alive could cause
the death of not possessing the same. Hospitals usually have large electric generating equipment sometimes 1 or 3 working synchronized with
banks of batteries (UPS), which automatically turns to be affected the power supply, but in a cyber criminals
or terrorists could alter the opening systems causing a total blockade of the same. Knowing this we can say that as technology advances and our devices to interface more and more, they will
increase progressively attacks at the same time being greater damage and consequences of these. States and the forces of the law must be prepared for these developments since a simple attack on a power
plant could leave without light to a city bringing with it chaos in society and lost economic millionaires. We enter the world of the 'internet of things' and reveal how web advertising, search engines and monitoring
24/7 have transformed our lives. In the words of Edward Snowden, while television is a medium that you see,
Internet is a medium that you see as you see it. Braian Arroyo (Argentina) Official Assistant of the city police, cybersecurity advisor and computer forensic, diploma in technological crimes and International Relations.
13
Or terrorism us racks gives policy By Marco Aurelio Terroni (Brazil)
Em 2017, 132 policiais foram mortos no Rio.
THE CRIMINAL STATE
The Brazilian state is one of the most expensive
and ineffective in the world and urgently reformulated.
The Armed Forces do the patrol in the streets of Natal
(RN). The Ministry of Defense announced the sending
2,000 men to strengthen security in Rio Grande do
Norte.
Through the National Security Force, a reserve
troop composed of the military and police forces of the
reserve or recruited for this employees all the time in
the Brazilian nation.
The strike in the public security sector of Rio
Grande do Norte, as occurred in other states such as
Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul, very low
salaries and still in arrears, there is no money, says
the governor, but nevertheless, that of the Legislature
and the Judiciary are up to date.
The delay is only for functionalism.
In the State of Rio de Janeiro, the payment of the
13th salary for 2016 and the arrears were divided into
installments that also therefore the sub-payment of
the installment payment.
But in the very rich state of Roraima, the
Legislative Assembly has just to self-award another
salary, the cover-aid in the amount of R $ 25
thousand.
An estimate of wage gain, which is not accurate,
a Rio Grande do Norte Military Police earns R $ 2,700
monthly, when receives, from Rio de Janeiro, a little
more R $ 3.2 thousand, but a deputy the state will
earn, without delay, R $ 25 thousand per month,
indemnity, allowance, cost of hiring of advisors, which
are nine per cabinet, in an annual total per capita
of R $ 1,157,556.60, without any delay.
The strike of the Military Police of Espírito Santo
left a balance of over hundred dead, victims of the free
action of the bandits, where it was necessary to
intervention of the Armed Forces that transform into a
police force of reserve, potentially contradicting the
Brazilian Constitution. It occurs that Article 7, requires
that wages be paid punctually by the employer,
"constituting a crime its willful retention" (subsection
X).
Brazil is being world champion in crime with
homicides that reach about 70,000 per year.
Terrorism in politics enters when security priority
is only political campaign speech, because in reality it
does not exist. The basses wages and the poor work
equipment are superfluous in the responsibility that is
far from the thieving governors.
O exército interveio no rio por ordem do presidente.
The Brazilian state that allows a PM soldier, who
risks daily life, earn on average a quarter of an
assistant of the Federal Supreme Court with salaries
of R $ 12,000 each.
one of the eleven ministers of the Supreme Court,
to serve coffee and serve them in small requests when
in plenary, punctual salaries and equivalent to those
of an army general of the Armed Forces, is serious ?.
The STF has more than two thousand employees
to serve 11 ministers and the São Paulo City Council
pays R $ 9.7 thousand to shoe shine and R $ 6.7
thousand to barbers. It is not just about the value of
wages, but about the of these functions, unrelated to
the end-activity of these institutions, explaining the
deep administrative anarchy of the state out of control.
Brazil is one of the ten largest economies in the
world, but The chaotic situation provoked a strong
migratory wave of Venezuelans to the neighboring
14
countries of Latin America, especially the Brazil, about
50,000 Venezuelans came here after the worsening of
the political-economic crisis.
Depleção na Venezuela
"The crisis has to do with the deepening of the
Bolivarian model, with misunderstandings of the
opposition and the international isolation of
Venezuela, " explains the professor of Political
Science and International Relations of Ibmec / MG,
Oswaldo Dehon. According to him, the crisis that was
already lurking was the transition from Chavez to
Maduro. "Mature has neither the same leadership nor
the ability to join forces, "he sums up.
CRISIS IN THE ECONOMY
The base approximately 96% of income is in oil,
product abundant in the country, but of value that
suffers oscillations. The are not produced in the
country, which depend on the importation of countries,
including Brazil. The price of a barrel of oil of 120
dollars in 2008, has dropped to less than 50 dollars
from 2014, in addition to of losing the ability to import,
the country was unable to maintain the social
investments, one of the most positive aspects of Hugo
Chavez.
The price control, a measure taken by Chavez to
avoid inflation, discouraged private investment within
the country, and in some cases, the sale was
disadvantageous for private companies due to taxes,
which helped to make the products disappear.
of the shelves. The state's dependence on the
economy harms the country, when it can not, alone,
supply the demands of the population. With food
shortages and the economic crisis in Venezuela has
increased violence in the region. In 2017, the country
registered one of the homicide in Latin America. In a
survey of the Observatory of Violence (Venezuela)
showed that last year 26,616 people were murdered
and according to the report, the causes of daily deaths
were the sharp fall in the quality of life of Venezuelans,
the systematic dissolution of the rule of law in the
country and the increase of violence and of repression
on the part of the State.
THE CRISIS IN THE POLITICAL
Political divide: on one side are those who defend
the socialist policies of former President Hugo Chavez
and on the other, the opponents, who have been
waiting for 18 years for the end of the power of the
same party. relates the crisis to the degree of mistrust
in a "deeply ideological environment." Street protests
touch upon political issues of a democracy considered
by some to be questionable.
Nicolás Maduro
Economic and political crises come together
when one gives strength to another. While the
government prioritizes the maintenance of power, the
opposition can use the recession to win political gains.
Maduro accuses the opposition leaders of co-opting
entrepreneurs to retain their products and reduce the
shortage of supermarkets. International factors also
influence the crisis. The pressure coming from
capitalism, through the United States, stirs up
tensions against Ochavism. In Dehon's opinion, it is
the distrust of other regimes, other than the socialist
regime that provokes the isolation of Venezuela,
which is harmful in times of crisis.
POLITICAL-RELIGIOUS TERRORISM
is a worldwide concern. Many countries have
modified the legislation and erected care after the
terrorist attacks that took place in various parts of the
world. The new Terrorism is mainly political and not
religious: The attacks of Paris represent the
emergence of a new type of terrorism, not against
great symbolic targets like those of Al -Qaeda, but
carried out by isolated individuals or small groups of
fanatics willing to amate and die. Fighting them can
not pass through laws of exception nor to death
squads. Because if we abdicate the rule of law and
fundamental freedoms we will be giving the killers
what they want.
15
References Or State crime. Disponível em: https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/noblat/o-estado-criminoso/. Acesso em: 28
fév. 2018. A crise na Venezuela. Disponível em: https://www.opovo.com.br/noticias/mundo/2018/03/entenda-a-crise-
navenezuela-que-provocou-onda-migratoria-ao-brasil.html. Acesso em: 23 mar. 2018. Political terrorism - religious. Disponível em: https://www.brasil247.com/pt/247/revista_oasis/169550/O-
novoterrorismo-Ele-%C3%A9-sobretudo-pol%C3%ADtico-e-n%C3%A3oreligioso.htm. Acesso em: 23 mar. 2018.
16
Organized crime. The greatest threat of South America By Daniel Martínez (Uruguay)
I. Introduction
Organized crime can be defined as the actions of a group of people organized deliberately, in order to execute
one or more serious crimes or offences established, punishable according to the " " " Palermo Convention", with
the aim of directly or indirectly, a benefit economic, political, or other material. The Convention against transnational organized crime, known as the Palermo Convention, is a multilateral
treaty, sponsored by the United Nations against the transnational organized crime, adopted in 2000. The 3 "PalermoProtocol " of the Nations United are to:
➢ Prevent, Suppress and punish trafficking in persons, in particular women and children. ➢ Against the smuggling of migrants by land, sea and air. ➢ Against the manufacture and illicit trafficking of firearms.
Organized crime is divided into:
➢ Organized crime. ➢ Criminal organizations.
The main difference between organized crime and criminal organizations, is that the first usually has links
with public employees, to achieve their goals or to minimize the risk of punishment for crimes, and the criminal
group does not have these links.
The concept of organized crime is also used to indicate groups, that are engaged in smuggling drugs, people,
weapons, carry out abductions, murder, among other crimes
II. main threats ❖ Italian mafias particularly Ndrangheta (Calabria)
17
❖ Posters Mexican (Jalisco new generation - Mata Zetas, Gulf, Tijuana, Los Zetas, warriors United,
Sinaloa and remnants of Guadalajara, Beltrán Leyva and Templar, among other minor groups. ) ❖ Mafias of USA with or without the Italian influence. ❖ Balkan mafias. ❖ Russian mafia. ❖ Chinese mafia or triad: Pixiu, Wang Ke, Jong Long and Jia Yuan. ❖ Middle East mafia. ❖ Mafia Nigerian and other African countries, through cyber scams. ❖ RAM (Ancestral Mapuche resistance) & Coordinator Arauco - Malleco. Insurgent groups with
indications that link them with former FARC and dissidents, armed revolutionary history Latin
American and Muslim groups. Independent of reliable social claims of the Mapuche community. ❖ Strips criminals of Colombia. Clan of the Gulf (Clan Usuga, the Urabeños), Los Rastrojos, Black
Eagles, Puntilleros, La Constru, new dawn AUC (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia), company,
Los Paisas, Los Pachenga, United self-defense forces of Colombia: are divided into: • GAO (organized armed groups). • GDO (organized criminal groups).
Classified into three types: ◆ 1-which have armed capacity and organizational structure to confront Government forces. (Clan of
the Gulf, Puntilleros, Pelusos). ◆ 2.-which have a regional character and maintain alliances with the first (Constru, Cordillera, booms,
company, etc.) ◆ 3-criminal bands. Toctuan with a specific purpose and instead agreed. ❖ Paramilitary and vigilante groups.
- Narco-paramilitarism in Colombia. - Post-AUC (United self-defence forces of Colombia) groups:
• Águilas Negras. • Autodefensas Gaitanistas Colombia. • Clan of the Gulf. • ERPAC (Popular Revolutionary Army of Colombia anti-subversive). • Block goal. • Block liberators of Vichada. • The Paisas. • New generation.
- The following groups were remnants of the Black Eagles, which were submitted to justice or
which were annexed to the Clan of Gulf: • Águilas Negras de Catatumbo. • Águilas Negras de the East of Caldas. • Águilas Negras de Alta Guajira. • Águilas Negras of southern Bolivar. • Águilas Negras of Caquetá.
❖ The gangs of Central America ❖ Japanese mafia (Yakuza) ❖ First command of the Capital and Comando Vermelho (Brazil)
27 criminal groups compete for control of organized crime in the Brazilian States. • Acre: 13 two Bonde; PCC • Amazon : Family do Norte; PCC • Alagoas: Alkaida (or Okaida); PCC • Bay: Mercado do Povo Atitude; Ajeira; Katiara; Command Vermelho; Bonde do
Maluco; Command gives peace; PCC.
18
• Ceará: PCC; Command Vermelho; Family do Norte; Guardiões do Estado. • Maranhão: Primeiro command do Maranhão; Two Bonde, 40; PCC. • Mato Grosso: Commando Vermelho e PCC. • Mato Grosso do Sul: Commando Vermelho e PCC. • Minas Gerais: Commando Vermelho e PCC. • For: PCC; First command do Norte; Equip Rex. • Paraiba: Alkaida (ou Okaida); United States; PCC. • Paraná: PCC e command Vermelho. • Pernambuco : PCC, CV (Commando Vermelho); Alkaida. • Rio de Janeiro: PCC, Commando Vermelho; Terceiro command; Two friends friend. • Rio Grande do Norte: Sindicato do Crime RN; Family do Norte; PCC and CV -
Vermelho • Rio Grande do Sul: Bala na face; Bulletproof; Hands; Abertos; PCC • Roraima : PCC, Comando Vermelho, family do Norte • Sao Paulo: PCC, Terceiro commando, Seita Satânica, command revolutionary
Brasileiro da Criminalidade, thin Cerol, democratic Comissão da Liberdade • Santa Catarina: PCC, first group Catarinense.
❖ Poster of the Suns (Venezuela). ❖ Hizbullah (Shi'a militia pro Iran). ❖ In Rosario - Argentina: Banda de los Funes, Ungaro, the monkeys and Clan way. ❖ Band "The Pirates of the Caribbean" (Colombian, piracy of the asphalt). ❖ Traditional mafias, integrated into the formal economy through tenders and investment, among other
ways by the trust (private public participation). ❖ Church Mission new compact Universal israeli, dominates the areas of cultivation of coca, in the
border with Brazil.
III. main routes ❖ Colombia, Peru and Venezuela Mexico and USA ❖ Cocaine entry channels looking for departure to Europe.
Main route : Colombia, Peru and Bolivia to Venezuela and Brazil Secondary route : Argentine ports (Buenos Aires and Rosario) and Uruguay.
❖ Marijuana from Paraguay to Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. ❖ Long arms trafficking: from Northwest Africa, guarded the transport by AQIM (to Al Qaeda in the
Islamic Maghreb) to South America (Brazil and Mexico as final destination) in Exchange for drugs. ❖ From U.S. to Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay, with final destination Brazil. Border cities provide
weapons to Brazilian favelas . Ciudad del Este, Salto del Guairá, Capitán Bado and Pedro Juan
Caballero would be the cities where weapons are sent to groups drug-traffickers in the favelas of
Rio de Janeiro, according to the Federal Rodaviaria police of Brazil.
19
IV. characteristics and structures narco
Características y estructuras de las
organizaciones narco
Células
➢Grupos
➢ Clanes familiares
➢ Bandas
(Operativa, Icia. y Logísticos)
Tareas: Acopio, ocultamiento
y traslado. Seguridad, alquiler
de armas, etc.
Evitan combate armado con
fuerzas de seguridad
Intermediario
➢ Desocupados
Maleteros, mulas
Fuente laboral
➢ Sicarios, seguridad
Tercerizan servicios
Comercializa con
estructuras locales y
transnacionales
Venta al menudeo
Nodo oculto
Lavan el dinero:
Abogados,
Contadores,
Arquitectos,
Empresarios, vínculos
con el poder
económico y político.
Productores
V crimes ❖ Production of false passports. ❖ Threats and clandestine games. ❖ Kidnappings for ransom, killings and assassinations. ❖ Washing of assets through legal businesses or facade. (Purchase of real estate and high-end cars,
precious stones and counterfeit medicines or do not contain all the listed drugs). ❖ Sale of counterfeit medicines in fairs and mouths of drug. ❖ Illegal mining as a source of resources to finance narco-terrorist groups. Informal mining becomes illegal
when it relates to crime and becomes a cause of action. ❖ Counterfeiting of coins. ❖ Trafficking in substances dangerous or harmful to health. ❖ Immigrant trafficking, prostitution and human organs. ❖ Threats and violent actions against judges, prosecutors and personnel safety. ❖ Attacks-explosive butane gas and explosives to ATMs Often the robberies at ATMs, are used to stay virus
systems and after a while to activate them. It is a way to access systems. Not looking for money at the
moment, but stealing large sums of money later, reason why not interested the silver thing in the
cashier. ❖ Cloning of credit cards. ❖ Cyber crimes through GRAMS (deep internet) and malware. ❖ Manufacture and execution of attacks with improvised explosive devices. Receiving stolen goods and
commercialization of stolen vehicles. Sales of cars and parts of cars for resale. ❖ Uranium trafficking.
VI. Stages organized crime
❖ Predatoria. Secure routes, control areas and eliminate competitors ❖ Parasitaria. Increases influence political and economic crime
20
❖ Asociante. Crime takes hold and the economic and political system becomes so dependent on
organized crime, like this set structure
VII. conclusions
◆ Shows a reordering of organized crime in South America, that to preserve their criminal best pictures,
would be outsourcing the crime with other bands of lower structure and gang Hitmen. ◆ Transnational crimes, organized crime, represent the greatest threat to the Mainland public security
and require to effectively combat: - Counterintelligence in the security companies. Improve safety and preventive
measures. Make a list of possible white - Initiative policy, accompanied by will, legal framework of action, technical capacity and material
resources of the security forces, to delegitimize the advancement of illegality, studying each
case, when the claims are legitimate - Improve the exchange of information and cooperation among the countries
◆ The modus operandi of the operational cells of the crime, would be based on actions of
reconnaissance, intelligence of the operational scenario, measurement of response of security forces
to whites, robbery target, target selection. ◆ The new tactic, used by narco-terrorism in the border strip at least in many cases, Ecuador & Colombia
and criminal gangs from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, comprises maneuvers of distraction (costume
female, masks, wheelchair, car baby, etc.) and attack secondary targets and subsequently the
primary, to distract the police response effort, applying military principles of mass, power of fire,
mobility, surprise and compartmentalization of information. ◆ It is estimated that attacks with improvised explosive devices (transport of valuables, ATMs, etc.),
should be included as terrorist acts because they have a high psychosocial impact on society and
endanger the physical integrity of citizens.
◆ South America could face a similar scenario to the Central America, if not the positive right to the
emerging threats of organized crime, particularly defending the human rights of victims and of course,
fits the rights of the perpetrators, but associating their actions with "responsibilities". States must
tackle the structural causes of poverty, violence, family, lack of values etc and should adopt measures
offensives against emerging phenomena of "feudalisation" of districts and municipalities, where the
trafficker boss dominates one area instead of the State, such as in Brazil or Mexico, which can serve
as support to the cells of the narco-terrorism or Islamic terrorism. The backbone of the fight against
organized crime, should not be exclusively the suppression, but the presence of all the institutions of
the State, in the most vulnerable areas socially, attending the UBN (unsatisfied basic needs)
with social workers, educators, medical corps, etc. and the security forces provide physical security,
the rest of the State operators. Let us remember that without security, there is no freedom, and without
this, there is no democracy.
Re conferences https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenci%C3%B3n_de_las_Naciones_Unidas_contra_la_Delincuencia_Organizada_Transnaci
onal https://www.clubensayos.com/Temas-Variados/FASES-EVOLUTIVAS-DEL-CRIMEN-ORGANIZADO/925173.html http://www.elcolombiano.com/colombia/estas-son-las-bandas-criminales-que-controlan-la-delincuencia-en-colombia-
YX2606364 https://www.telesurtv.net/news/Mas-de-10-grupos-criminales-controlan-carceles-en-Brasil-20170110-0048.html Image source: https://www.elpuntosobrelai.com/del-crimen-organizado-la-deliberada-miopia-institucional/ (Uruguay). Colonel retired Daniel Martínez. Infantry weapon. Diploma in general staff. Peace missions of the United Nations: Angola, Georgia, Haiti and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Courses: Terrorism and counter-terrorism (USA), strategy (Germany). Public and private security transnational threats (Uruguay). It currently serves as Advisor in the area of security and military analyst. Lecturer in civil and military institutes.
21
Wealth and sustainability in the management of the transcomplex By Douglas Hernández (Colombia)
Having as central axis the environment, this essay will be about decisions, their consequences, and on the
Social corporate responsibility (CSR) also called Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) or socially responsible
investment, all of which It is up to the current Manager, who must operate in the transmodernity with a
transcomplejo approach. 17 to March 24, 2018 was held in the city of Medellín, Colombia, the sixth plenary session of
the Intergovernmental platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (IPBES)[1], which featured with more than
750 participants from 116 countries around the world, including delegates from various Governments, and
experts from around the world. The Humboldt Institute (2017) points out that in this plenary discussed 4 regional
assessments (Americas, Africa, Asia-Pacific and Europe-Central Asia), and also the evaluation of degradation
and restoration of lands. The major conclusion of the sixth plenary[2] according to El Espectador (2018) is that, despite all the efforts
made, Biodiversity continues to decrease in all regions of the world, significantly reducing the ability of nature
to contribute to the well-being of the people. This alarming trend is endangering the economies,
livelihoods, food security and the quality of life of people around the world. (s/p) It is clear that no decisions soon regarding the preservation of the environment, we will finish with the planet
and ourselves. Sir Robert Watson, director of the IPBES, quoted by El Espectador (2018), is emphatic in stating
that, Biodiversity and the contributions of nature sounds, for many people, academic and too far away from
our daily lives, nothing could be further from the truth: are the basis of our food, clean water and
energy. They are at the heart not only of our survival, but of our cultures, identities and enjoyment of
life. The best available evidence, compiled by leading experts in the world, now indicates a single
conclusion: we must act to stop and reverse the unsustainable use of nature, or risking not only the
future that we want, but even the lives that We have currently. Fortunately, the evidence also shows
that we know how to protect and restore partially our vital natural assets. (s/p) The four reports presented at the end of the sixth plenary, focused precisely to show how the capacity of
nature contributes to human well-being, and how it is being reduced by factors such as the indiscriminate use
of resources, over-exploitation, the invasion of foreign species, and climate change, among others. It must be clarified that in this type of event is handled in a very diplomatic language, in which talk of the
problems and possibilities of improvement, without making accusations or look guilty, as they are finally making
synergies where everyone can contribute to the solutions. In this vein, it is clear that society as a whole presents
a series of harmful practices for the environment, but it should not be forgotten that companies of all types also
22
have a great responsibility, but do not talk about it specifically. For example, the Mexican newspaper 10 (2017)
concerns us that researcher and "environmentalist" Richard Heede, produced a thorough report which collected
"data on greenhouse gas emissions. He estimated that 63% of the emissions of CO2 and methane, worldwide,
are directly related to the activity of 90 companies and industries." I.e. that only 90 companies in the world are
responsible for two thirds of the emissions of the greenhouse gases that cause climate change. The first five on
that list, for their level of contamination are: Chevron (United States); Exxon Mobil (United States); Saudi Aramco
(Saudi Arabia); BP (United Kingdom) and Gazprom (Russia Federation). True giants of the industry, with enough
money and influence to silence his critics or stop processes against. To achieve that in the events on the
environment be treated with silk gloves. One of the conclusions that proved to be transverse to the 4 geographical regions analyzed by the IPBES
2018 is that, if policies are not prioritized to stop the loss of biodiversity, it endangers is the possibility to meet
the development goals Sustainable, which is planned to reach globally by the 2030. The achievement of the objectives of United Nations sustainable development, biodiversity 2011-2020
Strategic Plan and goals of Aichi for biological diversity and the Paris agreement on climate change
depend on the health and vitality of our natural environment in all its diversity and complexity. Act to
protect and promote biodiversity is the least important for achieving these commitments and to human
well-being such as the fight against global climate change (El Espectador, 2018. s/p) Expert participants in this sixth plenary, also presented some ideas about what should be in each region to
improve the situation. For example, for America, they pointed out that, although between 1970 and 2010
protected geographical areas increased by 17%, less than 20% of the areas that are key to biodiversity have
some type of protection. They then propose further actions of Governments that lead to ensure the survival of
these areas. Also warn that biodiversity and the contributions of nature people are best protected when ecosystem
and ecological certification are integrated in a wide range of economic and sectoral policies such as
payment for services volunteer. Other options include combinations appropriate, for example, change
of behavior, improved technology, research, adequate levels of funding, improved education and public
awareness tips programs against which, in ultimately can do us deaf people. (The spectator, 2018. s/p) It is necessary to act. Already it is not something far away, which does not affect us, that doesn't matter to
us. Reality surrounds us and affects us directly. Now it's a matter of survival, of common sense, of the decision
to make changes in our lifestyle and speaking out: all the people and all the companies have some level of
responsibility in the environmental crisis we are living. Robert Spawll, Member of IPBES quoted by El Tiempo (2018) notes that "those decision-makers in
Governments, business and research need evidence to make informed decisions about nature, biodiversity, and
services ecosystem." In this order of ideas, while the responsibility for contributing to the care of the environment should be
inherent in all human beings, is especially important in the case of persons who have positions of power, the so-
called "Decision Makers" or decision makers. This includes government officials, political leaders, captains of
industry, and all persons with managerial responsibilities in the different public and private worldwide
organizations.
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Image N ° 1. Actors that make possible the sustainable economy. Homemade.
For those who must manage the organizations, the modern world is tremendously complex and full of
challenges. The accelerated technological advances deepen more and more the phenomenon of globalization,
allowing not only instant communication to the length and breadth of the planet, but also the rapid movement of
people and goods between countries. This also allows, for example, that global trade has increased in
unsuspected ways some centuries ago. However, all the economic development experienced by the countries,
has not been reflected in an improvement in the quality of life of the bulk of humanity, on the other hand, 7.600
millions of people that today exist[3] , presented the most unequal socio-economic conditions, and step live in a
tremendously damaged planet that endangers the very existence of humanity. The means of communication and/or social networking individuals, groups or organizations can express
their different positions and reach audiences of millions of people in a very short time, in this context, ideological
conflicts are propagated and They intensified, as well as trends and fashions. But shortly after society has
already fixed his attention on anything else. The volumes of information are so large and are presented in such
accelerated form, today spoken of the "infoxicación", as a negative result of the mass availability of data. Everything seems to change very quickly and require for their understanding of a holistic approach and from
the complexity. In this respect tells Etkin (2005) "the complexity is an approach that sees the Organization as a
space where co-existing disorder and order, reason and unreason, harmonies and dissonances" (p. 28). In this
way, it is assumed that not only the environment is complex, but also the organization is in itself a complex
system, which is made up of people who belong to that context, and converge in the organization with different
criteria, thoughts and arguments, that on a daily basis to create a complex interpersonal dynamics. Thus, it is only possible to understand modern society and modern organization, abandoning the paradigms
disciplinary and attending the transdisciplinarity. It is appropriate to mention Lanz (2001) when he expresses
that: "new approaches on the organizational processes are explicitly above the epistemic logic of the
disciplines. This optical disrupts the foundations of the old way of thinking of the Organization"(p.168). Within these "old ways of thinking" and dating back to the same industrial revolution, the most remarkable -
and damaging - could be the belief that the obtaining of profit is above any other consideration. That is today's
Comptroller. The objective of any business is the generation of wealth, it must now be considered rational limits,
is not worth everything. Economic Science tells us that companies are classified into 3 sections clearly differentiated, thus: - The primary sector comprises activities aimed at obtaining resources of nature. - The secondary sector includes activities related to the transformation of raw materials into consumer
products. - The tertiary sector, includes those work in providing services to the people.
Empresa Privada
Sociedad
Estado
Ambientalistas
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Recently spoken of a Quaternary sector, which refers to one based on knowledge, group activities such as
research and development, financial planning, consulting, education, etc. They are activities which were
considered in the tertiary sector, but which are being reclassified.
Image N ° 2. Traditional economic sectors. Homemade.
The primary and secondary sectors have certainly been the direct of much of the environmental damage
this causes, and should probably now leading initiatives for the recovery of the environment. The current manager must be an agent of transformation. Giving permanent example is called to lead
processes to positively change your environment, your family, your organization, and to all persons that is
related, inside and outside your company. Within the transcomplejidad, now should be considered at all times
the issue of sustainability, and in this respect companies should self-imposed ethical limits, although they also
limit your income. We speak of the Corporate Social responsibility (CSR). CSR is not a culture of philanthropy, not wanted companies to become works of charity, since the
companies are made to be profitable. This implies that enterprises take an active and responsible
position on the impact of its operations. This culture is a way of doing business that will guarantee
greater sustainability over time to the enterprise and economic growth. CSR is the role that played to companies in favour of sustainable development, i.e., in favor of the
balance between economic growth, social welfare and the use of natural resources and the
environment. This balance is vital to the operation of the business. Companies must pass to become an
active part of the solution of the challenges that we have as a society, for their own interest to have a
stable and prosperous environment. The main objective pursued by corporate social responsibility lies in the positive impact that these
practices generated in the various fields with whom a company has relationship, at the same time
contributing to the competitiveness and sustainability of the company. (Focus, 2006, s/p). The same previous source points out that CSR is of strategic nature, while that to proceed in an ethical
manner and based on legality, the business not only continues to be profitable, but that you will also get: • Increased productivity: through better conditions for the internal client that leads to better retention
of talents and hence lower rates of rotation; • Customer loyalty: meeting their needs, starting with providing you a place where you can transmit
their needs and complaints. • In addition to quality and price, customers begin to demand information from the conditions of
production, which has the product, among others;
Sector Terciario
(Servicios)
Comercio, Bancos, Educación, Transportes
Sector Secundario
(Producción de Bienes)
Industria, Construcción, Manufactura.
Sector Primario
(Producción Básica)
Minería, Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca, Producción Energética
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• Market access: by compliance with standards and certifications required by external actors,
including consumers; and • Credibility: the company that is respectful of people, communities, environment and society as a
whole. Projecting a reputation that guarantees greater sustainability over time, reducing risks,
anticipating situations that may affect the company, greater agility to react and adapt, generating
confidence. Logically, assume Corporate Social responsibility as a permanent policy that orient the actions of the
Organization, is a strategic decision that must be taken by the senior management of the company. Either by
the General management, the shareholder meeting, or by a majority of partners. It is not something that a
Manager operating or middle-tier may thus decide nothing more. However, inside of organizations, any person
with powers of decision can be implemented within its sphere of action elements of CSR, and at the same time
attempting to influence others to achieve that it will become a corporate-wide policy. This is possible as the CSR
has a logical order of execution that goes from the internal to the external. I.e., from the closest to the company,
the more distant to her. Thus, in its internal dimension, the Organization must ensure to comply with the regulations and the laws of
the country where it operates. You are having an ethical conduct, guided by values and transparency. Then, the
Organization should be responsible with the people who make it, creating safe environments, good working
environment, appropriate incentives, and especially developed to maximize the potential of their capital human,
that is in the end, which makes it possible to the business.
Image N ° 3. Corporate Social responsibility (CSR). Source: Focus (2006).
Regarding the external dimension, "public interest" closest to the company must be taken into
account. Particularly interested in the family of collaborators, because these give emotional stability and
permanent stimulus workers. Then there are communities in the area of influence of the Organization, and finally
the relationship with the State. Each of the aspects considered in the CSR pyramid is important. Through Focused CSR World Bank
recommends the initiation of inside out, on the understanding that the internal dimension is critical to give sense
and credibility to the Corporate Social responsibility strategy, and investment in the social, but also
environmental, they are made in the context of the external dimension. A few pages back quoted Spawll, of the IPBES, when he said that "decision-makers in Governments,
business and research, they need evidence to make decisions informed about nature, biodiversity, and
ecosystem services . "." By way of conclusion would have to add that they also need information on what types
26
of decisions should be taken, and there comes into play the Social responsibility as an alternative, positive for
your company, for the community where the organization is immersed, and the environment in general. Corporate Social responsibility is a very powerful tool to stop and reverse the damage to the
environment. But this will only work if the organizations are led by managers with strong ethical background and
social sensitivity, that know how to balance the obtaining of profit with social demands and the need to care for
the environment.
References Focus (2006). What is CSR? Online resource. Accessed April 10, 2018. Available at:
https://siteresources.worldbank.org/CGCSRLP/Resources/Que_es_RSE.pdf Conservation and biodiversity (2018). IPBES report: Human well-being depends on biodiversity. Online
resource. Accessed April 10, 2018. Available at: http://www.conservacionybiodiversidad.cl/2018/03/el-bienestar-del-ser-humano-depende-de-la-salud-de-la-biodiversidad/
10 (2017). The 5 companies that pollute the world. Online resource. Accessed April 6, 2018. Available at: http://de10.com.mx/vivir-bien/2017/06/15/las-5-empresas-que-mas-contaminan-el-mundo
The spectator (2018). Biodiversity continues to deteriorate dangerously in all regions of the world. Online resource. Accessed April 10, 2018. Available at: https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/medio-ambiente/la-biodiversidad-se-sigue-deteriorando-peligrosamente-en-todas-las-regiones-del-mundo-articulo-745997
The newspaper (2018). IPBES believes that the world will reach some Aichi 2020 biodiversity targets. Online resource. Accessed April 10, 2018. Available at: https://www.elperiodico.com/es/internacional/20180327/ipbes-cree-que-el-mundo-alcanzara-algunas-metas-de-biodiversidad-aichi-2020-6718320
Time (2018). Medellin is home to the world's biodiversity. Online resource. Accessed April 11, 2018. Available at: http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/medellin/medellin-es-sede-de-la-biodiversidad-mundial-194574
Instituto Humboldt (2018). IPBES 6 - Medellín, Colombia. Online resource. Accessed April 12, 2018. Available at: http://www.humboldt.org.co/es/actualidad/item/1159-ipbes6-medellin-colombia-es
Etkin, j. (2005) management of complexity in organizations. The strategy against the unexpected and the unexpected. Buenos Aires. Ediciones Granica S.A.
Lanz, r. (2001) transcomplejas organizations. Caracas. Editorial Imposmo/Conocit.
[1] IPBES or biodiversity "IPCC" - alluding to the intergovernmental body that focuses on climate change - was born in 2012. Its objective
is to conduct scientific assessments of the State of knowledge on biodiversity, ecosystems and the contributions that they make to people. In this context, for three years, 550 researchers from more than 100 countries worked collecting and analyzing all the information available, divided into four macrozonas: America, Europe and Central Asia, Asia-Pacific and Africa. (Conservation and biodiversity, 2018. s/p) [2] The seventh plenary of IPBES, will take place in April 2019 and will include the presentation of a book on biodiversity with "unprecedented" information in the studies carried out by 550 experts from more than 100 countries. [3] see http://countrymeters.info/es/World
Douglas Hernandez (Colombia) Founder and director of the website www.fuerzasmilitares.org, he works as a journalist specialized in security and defense. He is a contributor to the Air and Space Power Journal - institutional review of the USAF - and of the Brazilian magazine Segurança & Defesa. He is a Sociologist and Master of Education from the University of Antioquia (Medellin, Colombia), a Doctorate student. He holds a Diploma in International Relations.
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Military of Nicaragua Special operations command It is a military unit trained and equipped with technical means to comply with special missions, in war and not warlike environments, part of high combative disposition of the Nicaragua army units and constitutes the main unit tactical - operational, to carry out special operations in any part of the national territory. It can act independently and in joint operations with the air force and Naval Force. It is part of the rapid reaction of the army of Nicaragua force in the context of the Conference of Central American armed forces, to combat terrorism, drug trafficking and related activities. Among its important missions are special in the interest of national defense. The courses that are taught in the military unit are as follows:
• Command of special operations (CMOE) for officers • Command of special operations (CMOE) for sergeants • Basic command • Franco shooter • Elementary combat diving • Basic parachuting • Special shot • Bare-knuckled • Initiation of command for cadets and other soldiers of the army • Military climbing
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• Security staff • Survival
An important element that contributes to the preparation are training officers abroad, by means of courses given by Spain, France, United States and Guatemala.
In the context of the strengthening of the relations of friendship and cooperation with other armed forces, participating in exchanges with:
• Caribbean, with the French armed forces maneuvers. • Exchange of training with the French armed forces. • Exercise against terrorism "Forces command". • Exchange of experiences with armed forces United States (southern command). • Multinational jump's skydiving "Flying Iguana". • Hops Festival with the National Guard of the United States. • Exchange of shot accuracy with weapons of infantry with the Wisconsin National Guard. • Participation in shooting and swimming with the armed forces of central part of CFAC. • In addition, it participates actively as part of Nicaragua's Army teams in competitions military sports
and military exercises within the framework of the Confederation of the armed forces of Central America
(CFAC).
Availability of forces and means to comply with the new roles and missions, which the new vicissitudes and domestic and international threats, war and non-war contained in the doctrine has military, such as:
• Fight against drug trafficking and its related activities. • The illicit traffic in arms. • Assist with the national police to combat organized crime in the field and sustain social stability in the
country. • Auxiliary to the population before the occurrence of natural phenomena or anthropogenic. • Support the tasks of conservation of the environment.
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• Support to the State institutions and the public in health and education work.
Source: official website of the army of Nicaragua
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