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EcologyEcology andand evolutionevolutionTopic 5.1 Communities and Topic 5.1 Communities and
ecosystemsecosystems
Some useful definitions:Some useful definitions:
SpeciesSpecies – A group of organisms that – A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.offspring.
Eg. a lionEg. a lion or a tigeror a tiger
But………But………A lion and a tiger can A lion and a tiger can reproduce together and produce a Ligerreproduce together and produce a Liger
No, because the liger is sterileNo, because the liger is sterile..
Is the liger a new species? Are lions and Tigers the Is the liger a new species? Are lions and Tigers the same species?same species?
HabitatHabitat – The environment – The environment where a species normally where a species normally
lives or the location of a living lives or the location of a living organism.organism.
Homework:
Find out:
What is a niche?
How is it different from a habitat?
PopulationPopulation – a group of organisms – a group of organisms of the of the same speciessame species who live in the who live in the
same area at the same time.same area at the same time.
What’s missing from this graph? .........It has area ……..it has time
Community Community – a group of – a group of populations populations living and living and interacting interacting with each with each other in an other in an
area.area.
EcosystemEcosystem – A community and its – A community and its abiotic (non-living) environmentabiotic (non-living) environment
EcologyEcology – The study of the – The study of the relationships between living relationships between living
organisms and their relationships organisms and their relationships with the environmentwith the environment
Living Living (biotic) (biotic) things that things that affect affect EcosystemsEcosystems
Non-living Non-living (a-biotic) (a-biotic) factors that factors that effect effect EcosystemsEcosystems
AutotrophAutotroph- An organism that - An organism that synthesises its organic molecules synthesises its organic molecules from simple inorganic substances.from simple inorganic substances.
A plant yesterday. Autotrophic bacteria
HeterotrophHeterotroph – an organism – an organism
that obtains that obtains organic organic
molecules molecules from other from other organisms.organisms.
SaprotrophSaprotroph – an – an organism that organism that
lives on or in non-lives on or in non-living matter, living matter,
secreting secreting digestive digestive
enzymes into it enzymes into it and absorbing the and absorbing the
products of products of digestion.digestion.
What do you call a mushroom that What do you call a mushroom that buys you drinks?buys you drinks?
A Fungi to be with!
Detritivore – an organism that Detritivore – an organism that ingests non-living organic material.ingests non-living organic material.
A woodlouse
Food chainsFood chains
Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
The arrows represent the flow of energy from eaten to eater!
Make food chains with the following Make food chains with the following organisms:organisms:
A)A) SharkShark MinnowMinnow ZooplanktonZooplankton PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton TunaTuna
B) •Lion•Gazelle•Grass•Tick•Ox-pecker (bird that eats ticks)
What is the initial energy source for both chains?
Make sure the arrows go in the right direction.
FoodFood webswebs
What is the trophic level of the:
Caterpillar?
Robin?
Owl?
Higher Level question:
What will happen to the resilience of a food web if you increase the complexity?
Primary consumer
2o, 3o, and 4o Consumer
HomeworkHomework
Page 176, Question 5Page 176, Question 5 Using Clip art make a food web that Using Clip art make a food web that
contains at least 10 named contains at least 10 named organisms (common names are organisms (common names are acceptable but must be more than acceptable but must be more than “big fish” or “tree”!)“big fish” or “tree”!)
BibliographyBibliography Evolution of man picture Evolution of man picture http://daily.swarthmore.edu/static/uploads/by_date/2009/02/19/evolution.jpghttp://daily.swarthmore.edu/static/uploads/by_date/2009/02/19/evolution.jpg Lion Picture Lion Picture http://bluepyramid.org/ia/lion.jpghttp://bluepyramid.org/ia/lion.jpg Tiger picture Tiger picture http://fohn.net/tiger-pictures-facts/tiger-regal.jpghttp://fohn.net/tiger-pictures-facts/tiger-regal.jpg Liger picture Liger picture http://img40.exs.cx/img40/8801/liger10jb.pnghttp://img40.exs.cx/img40/8801/liger10jb.png Habitat picture Habitat picture http://www.desertlion.info/photos/22-wend-1c6.jpghttp://www.desertlion.info/photos/22-wend-1c6.jpg Population graph Population graph
http://www.sustainablescale.org/images/uploaded/Population/World%20Population%20Growth%20to%20http://www.sustainablescale.org/images/uploaded/Population/World%20Population%20Growth%20to%202050.JPG2050.JPG
Community picture Community picture http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/48/6548-004-4D277914.gifhttp://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/48/6548-004-4D277914.gif Ecosystem picture Ecosystem picture http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_04_img0211.jpghttp://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_04_img0211.jpg Tree Hugger Tree Hugger http://www.treehuggersofamerica.org/images/tree_hugger.jpghttp://www.treehuggersofamerica.org/images/tree_hugger.jpg Autotrophic bacteria Autotrophic bacteria
http://www.college.ucla.edu/webproject/micro7/studentprojects7/Rader/pseudomo.gifhttp://www.college.ucla.edu/webproject/micro7/studentprojects7/Rader/pseudomo.gif A plant yesterday A plant yesterday http://mrgrassosclass.com/images/autotroph.jpghttp://mrgrassosclass.com/images/autotroph.jpg T.rex picture T.rex picture http://www.biblelife.org/evolution-t-rex.jpghttp://www.biblelife.org/evolution-t-rex.jpg Mushroom picture http://www.topnews.in/health/files/mushroom.jpgMushroom picture http://www.topnews.in/health/files/mushroom.jpg Woodlice picture http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Porcellio_scaber_-Woodlice picture http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Porcellio_scaber_-
_male_front_2_(aka).jpg/250px-Porcellio_scaber_-_male_front_2_(aka).jpg_male_front_2_(aka).jpg/250px-Porcellio_scaber_-_male_front_2_(aka).jpg Food chain:Food chain: http://blogs.townonline.com/wellesley/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/cartoon-sun-thumb10088541.jpghttp://blogs.townonline.com/wellesley/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/cartoon-sun-thumb10088541.jpg http://www.selfsufficientish.com/images/appletree.gifhttp://www.selfsufficientish.com/images/appletree.gif http://bichitomalo.com/images/ist1_1035760_smiling_worm_cartoon.jpghttp://bichitomalo.com/images/ist1_1035760_smiling_worm_cartoon.jpg http://www.teachmecartoons.com/images/bird-cartoon.gifhttp://www.teachmecartoons.com/images/bird-cartoon.gif http://www.floatingbanana.com/artbackwash/BlackHawk1.gifhttp://www.floatingbanana.com/artbackwash/BlackHawk1.gif Food web http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/images/tutorials/ecology/trophic_levels/foodweb.gifFood web http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/images/tutorials/ecology/trophic_levels/foodweb.gif
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