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8/8/2019 Communities and Ecosystems 5.1
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Communities and Ecosystems
(5.1)
Ebony Goodridge
8/8/2019 Communities and Ecosystems 5.1
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5.1.1 Define species, habitat, population, community, ecosystem,
and ecology
Species- a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertileorganism.
Habitat- the environment in which a species normally lives in.
Population- a group of organisms of the same species living in the samearea at the same time.
Community- a group of populations living and interacting with eachother.
Ecosystem- a community and its a biotic (non-living) environment.
Ecology- the study of relationships between living organisms and theirenvironment.
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5.1.2 Distinguish between an autotroph and heterotroph.
An autotroph is a producer and an organism that self-feeds and can
make their own food through photosynthesis.
A heterotroph is a consumer and is an organism that relies on other
organisms for food and energy.
Autotroph Heterotroph
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5.1.3 Distinguish between consumers, detritivores, and saprotrophs.
Consumer- an organism that ingests matter which is either living or
recently killed. There are two different types of consumers; primary
and secondary. Primary consumers eat producers (herbivores), while
secondary consumers eat other consumers (carnivores, omnivores.)
Detritvore an organism that ingests non-living organic matter Saprotroph- an organism that lives on non-living organic matter and
absorbs the products of digestion.
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Detritivore
Saprotroph
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5.1.4 Describe what is meant by a food chain, giving three examples. (min
of 4 organisms.)
A food chain shows the
transfer of energy from
each trophic level and is
a representation of the
predator-prey
relationships in an
ecosystem.
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5.1.5 Describe what is meant by a food web
A food web shows all ofthe feedingrelationships in ahabitat.Owl eats themouse, the mouse
eats thegrasshopper, andthe grasshoppereats the grass.
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5.1.6 Define trophic level
The trophic level of an organism tells the feeding
relationship of that organism to another
organism.
In a food web, autotrophs= producer
and heterotrophs= primary, secondary, andtertiary consumers.
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5.1.7 Deduce the trophic level of organisms in a food chain and a food web
1= producer: grass
2= primary consumer: rabbits
3= secondary consumer: badger
4=tertiary consumer: fox
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5.1.8 Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms.
**show word
document**
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55.1.9 State that light is the initial energy source for almost all
communities.
In order for food chains and
food webs to exist, all
interactions need energy;
sun light is the main source
of energy for mostcommunities.
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5.1.10 Explain the energy flow in a food chain
Energy flows in a food chainthrough producers because theydirectly get their energy fromthe sun.
At each level of the food chain,about 90% of the energy is lostin the form of respiration orheat
As you move up the food chain,there is less energy available.
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5.1.11 State that energy transformations are never 100% efficient
The transfer of energy
from one trophic level
to the next is never
100% efficient because
there is a loss of energyat each stage, so there
will never be the same
amount of energy
compared to the
beginning.
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5.1.12 Explain reasons for the shape of pyramids of energy.
Pyramids of energy showthe transfer of energy fromone trophic level toanother.
The volume of one layer is10% of the layer below it.
As the levels go up, theamount of energytransferred drops.
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5.1.13 Explain that energy enters and leaves ecosystems, but nutrients
must be recycled.
Energy comes from the sunand passes through livingorganisms leaving as heat.
Consumers feed at differenttrophic levels, taking in
matter and use the matterfor their own growth.
The cycling of matter isnutrients being recycled.
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5.1.14 State that saprotrophic bacteria and fungi (decomposers) recycle
nutrients.
Both recycle the nutrients of
dead organisms through the
process of decomposition
which is a biological process
through which the tissues of adead organism is broken
down.