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Presentation to ETSAT-7 meeting
April 17-19, 2012, Geneva
Prepared by: Indian Space Research Organisation
Presented by
Kashyap N. Mankad
Space Applications Centre (ISRO)
Ahmedabad, India
Earth Observation Satellite Program updates
2003
RESOURCESAT-1
LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS
2001 TES Step& Stare
PAN
2007 /2009/2010
CARTOSAT-2/2A/2B
PAN
2005 CARTOSAT-1
STEROPAN, F/A
2002 KALPANA-1
VHRR
2003 INSAT- 3A
VHRR, CCD
Currently operational EO missions
2009 OCEANSAT-2 OCM
, SCAT ROSA
2008 IMS-1
MX HySI-T
2011 RESOURCESAT-2
LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS
2011R&D
Youthsat LiV HySI
RaBIT
2011 Megha Tropiques
MADRAS,SAPHIR,ScARaB,ROSA
Payload No. of
Sensors in
operation
Spatial Res. Swath/
Coverage
(km)
Radiometry Spectral Bands Repetivity/
revisit
CCD 1 1 Km India &
surround.
10 bits 3 (B3, B4, B5) 4 times/ day
VHRR 2 2 km VIS
8 km WV/IR
Earth Disc 10 bits 3 Every ½ hrs
HySI/ IMS 1 500 m 128 12 bits 64 24 days
OCM-2 1 360m 1420 12 bits 8 Two days
AWiFS 2 56 m 740 10/12 bits 4(B2,B3, B4, B5) 5 / 2.5 days
MX/ IMS 1 37 m 148 10 bits 4(B1, B2,B3, B4) 24 days
LISS3 2 23 m 140 7/10 bits 4(B2,B3, B4, B5) 24/ 12 days
LISS4 2 5.8 m 23/70 7/10 bits 3(B2,B3, B4) 40 days/ 5 day
revisit
PAN
(stereo)
1 2.5 m 30 10 bits 1 100 days
PAN
(mono)
4 0.8/ 1 m 10 / 16 10 bits 1 5 day revisit
Current observation Capabilities : Optical
Current observation Capabilities : Microwave
Payload Spatial Res. Swath km Radiometry Frequency Repetivity/revisit
Scattero
meter
50 Km 1400 10 bits Ku band 2 days
Scatterometer data is made available to global community through NRSC web and Eumetcast .
Payload Spatial Res. Swath/ Frequency
bands
Repetivity/revisit
MADRAS 6km to 40 km 1700 5 (18.7 to 157GHz) Multiple observations per day
SAPHIR 10 km 1700 6 @183 GHz
ScARaB 40 km 2240 4
ROSA L1,L2 ~400 occultaions per day
OCEANSAT-2 MISSION
Modified Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-2)
Ku-band Pencil beam Scatterometer
Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmosphere (ROSA)
OCEANSAT-2 is a global mission and is configured to cover global oceans and provide continuity of ocean color data with global wind vector and characterization of lower atmosphere and ionosphere.
INSTRUMENTS
Local Area Coverage (LAC) with 360m, real time transmission
Global area coverage (GAC) with 1 km, on-board Recording & playback
GAC data coverage covering full globe in 8 days
• MoU signed with NASA-NOAA and EUMETSAT, to share the global wind vector data •Climate Quality Data
FREQUENCY Ku-BAND (13.73 GHz)
CONFIG PENCIL-BEAM
INNER OUTER
INC. ANG. (DEG) 50.16 57.27
POLARIZATION HH VV
SWATH (KM) 1450 1820
IFOV (KM) 28 x 38 30 x 45
Swath : 1420 km
IGFOV : 360x236 m
Repetivity : 2 days
No. of Bands : 8 (VNIR)
Quantization : 12
Data rate : 21.226 Mbps
Data available at: www.nrsc.gov.in
LAUNCH: September 23, 2009
Cal & Val Experiments: OCM-2
• A Permanent Cal-Val site has been set up near Kavaratti in Lakashdweep Sea
• Optical buoy is deployed to collect hyperspectral observations of light, chlorophyll-a, temperature and aerosol optical depth
• This in-situ data sets have been used for vicarious calibration of ocean colour radiance from OCM-2
• Inter-sensor calibration with contemporary missions like MODIS have also been done.
• Two Lunar calibrations of OCM-2 are done
Kavaratti
Data Available from http://mosdac.gov.in
MODIS Jan 2010 MODIS Jan 2010
OCM-2 Jan 2010 OCM-2 Jan 2010
ISRO-NASA-NOAA collaboration
• OCM-2 Processing in SeaDas 6.2 • Lunar Calibration of OCM-2 • Global data product generation and vicarious calibration
Courtesy : Bryan Franz, NASA
OSCAT RELATIVE CALIBRATION
AMAZON FOREST, SAHARA DESERT, POLAR ICE
AMAZON
ANTARCTICA
AFT - ASC – HH (Oct-Dec’09)
QuikSCAT OSCAT
SWATH (km) : 10
SNR : 180
IGFOV (m) : 0 .8
SWR (%) : 10
Handling of unique imaging modes
o paint brush
o multi-view in step and stare
o spot scenes
UNO, Vieana
Step and Stare imaging
CARTOSAT -2
Megha Tropiques - A Joint ISRO-CNES Mission
Low inclination (20º) for frequent
simultaneous observations of tropics
• Water vapour
• Clouds
• Cloud condensed water
• Precipitation
• evaporation
For studying water cycle and
energy exchanges to better
understand the life cycles of
the tropical convective
system
• Water vapour profile
• Six atmospheric layers upto
12 km height
• 10 km Horizontal Resolution
• 4-Channel Earth Radiation budget
at 0.5-0.7,0.2-4 , 0.2-50&10.5-12.5 μm
• Outgoing fluxes at TOA
• 40 km Horizontal Resolution, 2242KM swath
• Precipitation and Cloud properties
• 89 &157 GHz : ice particles in cloud
tops
• 10, 18 &37 GHz: Cloud Liquid Water and
precipitation; Sea Surface Wind speed
• 23 GHz : Integrated water vapour MICROWAVE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION OF RAIN
& ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURES
SAPHIR
SCARAB
MADRAS
Contributing to Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)
SOUNDER FOR ATMOSPHERIC PROFILING OF HUMIDITY IN
THE INTER-TROPICAL REGION
SCANNER FOR RADIATION BUDGET MEASUREMENT
Meteorological Payloads: CCD based
Two Imaging Modes
- NORMAL Mode: 10 x 10 frame in 25 minutes
- Program Mode: 10 x multiple of 0.4 Can be placed anywhere in N-S direction
Spatial Resolution: 1Km for all bands
OPERATIONAL SINCE 2003
Three Spectral Bands
-Visible - .62um-.68um
-NIR -.77um-.86um
-SWIR -1.55um-1.69um
Operational weather monitoring instruments
VHRR (INSAT-3A,
KALPANA)
CCD
(INSAT-3A)
Spatial Resolution: 2 Km 8 Km 8 Km
Dynamic Range: 100% Albedo WVP and TIR: 4K-340K
NEdT/SNR: 6 @2.5%Albedo 0.5K(@300K) 0.25K (@300K)
Spatial Resolution: 1Km
Dynamic Range: 100% Albedo
SNR: ≥128
Kalpana and INSAT 3A Products
VHRR
CCD
Products Half hourly scans CMV’s, OLR , UTH, Rain, SST, WVW
4 Scans per day NDVI
Turn Around Time (TAT)
Within 60 minutes of image acquisition
Within 60 minutes of image acquisition
Available on MOSDAC (http://www.mosdac.gov.in)
Automatic Weather Station Data Reception System
Receiving Earth Station
AWS-IMD
INSAT
UHF (Uplink)
AWS-ISRO
KALPANA-1 74 E
INSAT-2E 83 E
INSAT-3A 93.5 E DATABASE PR System
WMO
FORMAT
Automatic Weather Stations (AWS)
Parameter Range Sensor Type Resolution Accuracy
1. Air temp. -40 to +60 deg
C
PT100 0.1 deg. C 0.1°C
2. Wet Bulb temp. -40 to +60 deg
C
PT100 0.1 deg. C 0.1°C
3. Wind speed 0 to 60 m/s 3 Cup
anemometer
0.1 m/s
(Threshold
0.3 m/s)
0.3 m/sec
4. Wind direction 0 to 359 deg. Windvane
controlled to
potentiometer
3°
5. Atmospheric
Pressure
600 hpa to 1100
hpa
Integral
diaphragm type
0.2%of
FSO
6. Relative
Humidity
0-100% Solid state
capacity type
0.1% 3%full
scale
7. Rain fall 0-1 million mm Tipping bucket 0.5 m 5%
8 Sun shine 0-17 Hrs Digital 1 minute 1 min. >1600 AWS are Operational
Forthcoming Weather monitoring missions
INSAT 3D
@82ºE
Mission continuity:
INSAT 3DR @ 74ºE – In orbit Spare
INSAT 3DS: Ground Spare
INSAT 3D Met. Payloads Six channel Imager Nineteen channel Sounder
• Visible to Thermal IR
• 1KM to 8KM IGFOV
• Half hourly earth coverage
•Flexible scanning modes
•Programmable number of lines and frame
repeats
•Improved Blackbody calibration scheme
•Image motion & Mirror motion compensation
• Visible to Long Wave IR
•Fully programmable East-West and North
–South Scan pattern
•Programmable dwell time for East-West
scan step motion
•Automatic space view every 2 min and
Blackbody view every 30min.
•10KM IGFOV, 14bits digitization
•Image motion & Mirror motion
compensation
Visible
SWIR MIR WVP TIR-1 TIR-2
6 Channel Imager
24
19
Scan Modes: Normal: Full Earth Disk, 18 x18 in
24 x19 FOR (<27min)
Program: No. of Scan lines and No. of
Image repeats programmable. Can be placed
anywhere in FOR
Channel
(NET@300K)
Spectral
Band
(µm)
Spatial
Resolution
at Nadir
(km)
VIS
(SNR>150)
0.55-0.75 1 km
SWIR
(SNR>150)
1.55-1.70 1 km
MIR
(1.4K)
3.80-4.00 4 km
WV
(1.0K@230K)
6.5-7.1 8 km
TIR-1
(0.35K)
10.3-11.3 4 km
TIR-2
(0.35K)
11.5-12.5 4 km
VIS
0.67-0.72um SWIR
3.67-4.59um MWIR
6.38-11.33um
LWIR
11.66-14.85um
6Ch 5Ch 7Ch
19 Channel Sounder
24
19
24
19
Minimum: 1 x 1
(640x640KM) in 1.7min,
anywhere in FOR of
24 x19
Maximum: 15 x 15
(9600KMx9600KM) in
~400min, anywhere in
FOR
Sounder Modes:
Programmable
Sounding Area:
Programmable Space view
Direction selection
Selection of Dwell time on
each scene: 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4s
INSAT 3D Met. Payloads
Geo-Physical Parameters for INSAT-3D Meteorological Mission
IMAGER, VHRR,CCD SOUNDER
Cloud Motion Vector (CMV) Aerosol
Water Vapour wind Vector (WVWV) Temperature , Humidity and Ozone
Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) Geopotential Height
Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) GPI
and IMSRA
Layer Precipitable water
Snow Cover Total Precipitable Water
Upper troposphere humidity (UTH) Lifted Index
Fog Identification (only Night time) Wind Index
Smoke ( with MODIS data) Dry microburst Index
Fire (tested with MODIS data) Maximum vertical theta – e differential
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
Normalized Differential Vegetation Index
D
E
R
I
V
E
D
High Resolution Imaging Sensors on GEO Platform
High resolution Multi-spectral VNIR
Ground Resolution : 50 meters
Hyper-spectral VNIR
Ground Resolution : 500 meters
Hyper-spectral SWIR
Ground Resolution : 500 meters
Multi-channel IR
Ground Resolution : 1500 meters
GISAT
Scanning Modes:
Full globe (18x18 deg)
Sub continent (10x12 deg)
User defined area scanning
GISAT-Imaging modes
TELESCOPE
CAMERA
ELECTRONICS
Image generation through agile S/C scanning
Single optics for 4 payloads
Miniature 14-bit and 16-bit camera electronics
SAME TELESCOPE
APPLICATIONS
Forestry, Flood Mapping,
Vegetation, Soil Moisture, Oil
Spillage, Disaster Management
Caters to some applications of L
and X band SAR also.
FEATURES
First Spaceborne SAR developed indigenously
C-band SAR catering to diverse applications
from Agriculture to high resolution land-
mapping
Resolution from 1m to 50m
Swath from 10km to 220km
State-of-the-art Active Antenna with 576
TRMs
Electronic beam steering covering 107-659km
range
RISAT IMAGING ALONG WITH
DIFFERENT MODES
(C)FRS1/(C)FRS2
MODES
(C)HRS MODE
53
6
km
(C)CRS
MODE (C)MRS MODE
STOWED CONFIGURATION
MODEL
STOWED IN INTEGRATION LAB
SATELLITE EXPLODED VIEW
A Ka Band altimeter ( 35.5 – 36 GHz)
A dual frequency radiometer ( 24 / 37 GHz)
A common antenna shared by Altimeter &
Radiometer (1 meter dia)
LRA (Laser Retro - Reflector Array)
DORIS instrument (Doppler Orbitography & Radio
positioning Integrated by Satellite)
Provide altimetric measurements designed to
study ocean circulation and sea surface
elevation.
Marine meteorology and sea state forecasting,
Operational oceanography, seasonal
forecasting, climate monitoring and climate
research.
Argos Satellite based system collects environmental
data from autonomous platforms
SARAL: Satellite For Argos And Altika (ISRO-CNES)
Mesoscale
Variability (Central Objective)
Mean
Sea Level
Light rainfall
climatology
Inland
& Sea Ice
Sea
State
Operational
Oceanography
Coastal
Altimetry
Geodesy/
Geophysics
Inland
waters Global
Change
No
rma
lize
d S
RF
0
1
No
rma
lize
d S
RF
0
1
No
rma
lize
d S
RF
0
1
No
rma
lize
d S
RF
0
1
IASI
AIRS
Brightn
ess T
em
pera
ture
AIRS: Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder
Polar Orbiting Aqua (2002)
Channels: 2378 (650 cm-1 to 2675 cm-1)
(3.74 μm - 15.4 μm)
Spectral resolution: /1200
Spatial Resolution: 13.5 Km at Nadir
IASI: Infrared Atmospheric Sounding
Interferometer
Polar Orbiting Metop (2007)
Channels: 8461 (645 cm-1 to 2760 cm-1)
(3.62 μm - 15.5 μm)
Spectral resolution: 0.35 cm-1 at SWIR
0.50 cm-1 at LWIR
(resampled at 0.25 cm-1)
Spatial Resolution: ~12 km at Nadir
Intercalibration of Kalpana IR and WV
Channels with AIRS and IASI
(a) TIR Channel Ascending
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1-J
ul
11-J
ul
21-J
ul
31-J
ul
10-A
ug
20-A
ug
30-A
ug
9-S
ep
19-S
ep
29-S
ep
9-O
ct
19-O
ct
29-O
ct
8-N
ov
18-N
ov
28-N
ov
8-D
ec
18-D
ec
Date (July 2011)
BIA
S /
Std
Dev
(K)
StdDev
BIAS
(b) TIR Channel / Descending
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
1-J
ul
11-J
ul
21-J
ul
31-J
ul
10-A
ug
20-A
ug
30-A
ug
9-S
ep
19-S
ep
29-S
ep
9-O
ct
19-O
ct
29-O
ct
8-N
ov
18-N
ov
28-N
ov
8-D
ec
18-D
ec
28-D
ec
Date (2011)
BIA
S /
Std
Dev
(K)
StdDev
BIAS
(b) WV Channel / Descending
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1-J
ul
11-J
ul
21-J
ul
31-J
ul
10-A
ug
20-A
ug
30-A
ug
9-S
ep
19-S
ep
29-S
ep
9-O
ct
19-O
ct
29-O
ct
8-N
ov
18-N
ov
28-N
ov
8-D
ec
18-D
ec
28-D
ec
Date (2011)
BIA
S /
Std
Dev
(K)
StdDev
bias
(a) WV Channel / Ascending
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1-J
ul
11-J
ul
21-J
ul
31-J
ul
10-A
ug
20-A
ug
30-A
ug
9-S
ep
19-S
ep
29-S
ep
9-O
ct
19-O
ct
29-O
ct
8-N
ov
18-N
ov
28-N
ov
8-D
ec
18-D
ec
28-D
ec
Date (2011)
BIA
S /
Std
Dev
(K)
StdDev
BIAS
Kalpana TIR Channel
vs IASI Convolved
Kalpana WV Channel
vs IASI Convolved
Evening Evening
Morning Morning
Intercalibration Results
INSAT-3D Imager FM-SRF
200
220
240
260
280
300
3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Wavelength (Micron)
Bri
gh
tne
ss
Te
mp
era
ture
(K
)
IASI Tb Spectra
Ch3 (MWIR)
Ch4 (WV)
Ch5 (TIR1)
Ch6 (TIR2)
INSAT 3D Imager and IASI Spectra
INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF
200
220
240
260
280
300
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Wavelength (Micron)
Brig
htn
ess
Te
mp
era
ture
(K
)
INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF
200
220
240
260
280
300
5 6 7 8 9
Wavelength (Micron)
Brig
htn
ess
Te
mp
era
ture
(K
)
INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF
200
220
240
260
280
300
3.5 4 4.5 5
Wavelength (Micron)
Brig
htn
ess
Te
mp
era
ture
(K
)INSAT 3D Sounder and IASI Spectra
Resourcesat – 1/2
LISS III, LISS IV ,
AWiFS
RISAT-1/1R
C-band SAR
Geo HR Imager
50m resolution
Resourcesat-3/3A(P)
VNIR, SWIR,, ACS
(3 camera)
Cartosat- 2C/2D(P)
PAN Stereo (< 1m)
MX (2.4 m)
Indian Earth Observation System (2013-18, Future)
GHG Satellite
(High resolution spectrometer
Resource sampler(P)
2.5 m MX, 30m HySi, 1.25 Pan
INSAT-3D
Recommended