Presentation to ETSAT-7 meeting

April 17-19, 2012, Geneva

Prepared by: Indian Space Research Organisation

Presented by

Kashyap N. Mankad

Space Applications Centre (ISRO)

Ahmedabad, India

Earth Observation Satellite Program updates

2003

RESOURCESAT-1

LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS

2001 TES Step& Stare

PAN

2007 /2009/2010

CARTOSAT-2/2A/2B

PAN

2005 CARTOSAT-1

STEROPAN, F/A

2002 KALPANA-1

VHRR

2003 INSAT- 3A

VHRR, CCD

Currently operational EO missions

2009 OCEANSAT-2 OCM

, SCAT ROSA

2008 IMS-1

MX HySI-T

2011 RESOURCESAT-2

LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS

2011R&D

Youthsat LiV HySI

RaBIT

2011 Megha Tropiques

MADRAS,SAPHIR,ScARaB,ROSA

Payload No. of

Sensors in

operation

Spatial Res. Swath/

Coverage

(km)

Radiometry Spectral Bands Repetivity/

revisit

CCD 1 1 Km India &

surround.

10 bits 3 (B3, B4, B5) 4 times/ day

VHRR 2 2 km VIS

8 km WV/IR

Earth Disc 10 bits 3 Every ½ hrs

HySI/ IMS 1 500 m 128 12 bits 64 24 days

OCM-2 1 360m 1420 12 bits 8 Two days

AWiFS 2 56 m 740 10/12 bits 4(B2,B3, B4, B5) 5 / 2.5 days

MX/ IMS 1 37 m 148 10 bits 4(B1, B2,B3, B4) 24 days

LISS3 2 23 m 140 7/10 bits 4(B2,B3, B4, B5) 24/ 12 days

LISS4 2 5.8 m 23/70 7/10 bits 3(B2,B3, B4) 40 days/ 5 day

revisit

PAN

(stereo)

1 2.5 m 30 10 bits 1 100 days

PAN

(mono)

4 0.8/ 1 m 10 / 16 10 bits 1 5 day revisit

Current observation Capabilities : Optical

Current observation Capabilities : Microwave

Payload Spatial Res. Swath km Radiometry Frequency Repetivity/revisit

Scattero

meter

50 Km 1400 10 bits Ku band 2 days

Scatterometer data is made available to global community through NRSC web and Eumetcast .

Payload Spatial Res. Swath/ Frequency

bands

Repetivity/revisit

MADRAS 6km to 40 km 1700 5 (18.7 to 157GHz) Multiple observations per day

SAPHIR 10 km 1700 6 @183 GHz

ScARaB 40 km 2240 4

ROSA L1,L2 ~400 occultaions per day

OCEANSAT-2 MISSION

Modified Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-2)

Ku-band Pencil beam Scatterometer

Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmosphere (ROSA)

OCEANSAT-2 is a global mission and is configured to cover global oceans and provide continuity of ocean color data with global wind vector and characterization of lower atmosphere and ionosphere.

INSTRUMENTS

Local Area Coverage (LAC) with 360m, real time transmission

Global area coverage (GAC) with 1 km, on-board Recording & playback

GAC data coverage covering full globe in 8 days

• MoU signed with NASA-NOAA and EUMETSAT, to share the global wind vector data •Climate Quality Data

FREQUENCY Ku-BAND (13.73 GHz)

CONFIG PENCIL-BEAM

INNER OUTER

INC. ANG. (DEG) 50.16 57.27

POLARIZATION HH VV

SWATH (KM) 1450 1820

IFOV (KM) 28 x 38 30 x 45

Swath : 1420 km

IGFOV : 360x236 m

Repetivity : 2 days

No. of Bands : 8 (VNIR)

Quantization : 12

Data rate : 21.226 Mbps

Data available at: www.nrsc.gov.in

LAUNCH: September 23, 2009

Cal & Val Experiments: OCM-2

• A Permanent Cal-Val site has been set up near Kavaratti in Lakashdweep Sea

• Optical buoy is deployed to collect hyperspectral observations of light, chlorophyll-a, temperature and aerosol optical depth

• This in-situ data sets have been used for vicarious calibration of ocean colour radiance from OCM-2

• Inter-sensor calibration with contemporary missions like MODIS have also been done.

• Two Lunar calibrations of OCM-2 are done

Kavaratti

Data Available from http://mosdac.gov.in

MODIS Jan 2010 MODIS Jan 2010

OCM-2 Jan 2010 OCM-2 Jan 2010

ISRO-NASA-NOAA collaboration

• OCM-2 Processing in SeaDas 6.2 • Lunar Calibration of OCM-2 • Global data product generation and vicarious calibration

Courtesy : Bryan Franz, NASA

OSCAT RELATIVE CALIBRATION

AMAZON FOREST, SAHARA DESERT, POLAR ICE

AMAZON

ANTARCTICA

AFT - ASC – HH (Oct-Dec’09)

QuikSCAT OSCAT

Daily Analyzed winds using OSCAT

Polar Ice Applications

OSCAT PRODUCTS

SWATH (km) : 10

SNR : 180

IGFOV (m) : 0 .8

SWR (%) : 10

Handling of unique imaging modes

o paint brush

o multi-view in step and stare

o spot scenes

UNO, Vieana

Step and Stare imaging

CARTOSAT -2

Megha Tropiques - A Joint ISRO-CNES Mission

Low inclination (20º) for frequent

simultaneous observations of tropics

• Water vapour

• Clouds

• Cloud condensed water

• Precipitation

• evaporation

For studying water cycle and

energy exchanges to better

understand the life cycles of

the tropical convective

system

• Water vapour profile

• Six atmospheric layers upto

12 km height

• 10 km Horizontal Resolution

• 4-Channel Earth Radiation budget

at 0.5-0.7,0.2-4 , 0.2-50&10.5-12.5 μm

• Outgoing fluxes at TOA

• 40 km Horizontal Resolution, 2242KM swath

• Precipitation and Cloud properties

• 89 &157 GHz : ice particles in cloud

tops

• 10, 18 &37 GHz: Cloud Liquid Water and

precipitation; Sea Surface Wind speed

• 23 GHz : Integrated water vapour MICROWAVE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION OF RAIN

& ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURES

SAPHIR

SCARAB

MADRAS

Contributing to Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)

SOUNDER FOR ATMOSPHERIC PROFILING OF HUMIDITY IN

THE INTER-TROPICAL REGION

SCANNER FOR RADIATION BUDGET MEASUREMENT

Operational Weather monitoring instruments

KALPANA

INSAT-3A

INSAT 3A KALPANA

Meteorological Payloads: CCD based

Two Imaging Modes

- NORMAL Mode: 10 x 10 frame in 25 minutes

- Program Mode: 10 x multiple of 0.4 Can be placed anywhere in N-S direction

Spatial Resolution: 1Km for all bands

OPERATIONAL SINCE 2003

Three Spectral Bands

-Visible - .62um-.68um

-NIR -.77um-.86um

-SWIR -1.55um-1.69um

Operational weather monitoring instruments

VHRR (INSAT-3A,

KALPANA)

CCD

(INSAT-3A)

Spatial Resolution: 2 Km 8 Km 8 Km

Dynamic Range: 100% Albedo WVP and TIR: 4K-340K

NEdT/SNR: 6 @2.5%Albedo 0.5K(@300K) 0.25K (@300K)

Spatial Resolution: 1Km

Dynamic Range: 100% Albedo

SNR: ≥128

Kalpana and INSAT 3A Products

VHRR

CCD

Products Half hourly scans CMV’s, OLR , UTH, Rain, SST, WVW

4 Scans per day NDVI

Turn Around Time (TAT)

Within 60 minutes of image acquisition

Within 60 minutes of image acquisition

Available on MOSDAC (http://www.mosdac.gov.in)

Automatic Weather Station Data Reception System

Receiving Earth Station

AWS-IMD

INSAT

UHF (Uplink)

AWS-ISRO

KALPANA-1 74 E

INSAT-2E 83 E

INSAT-3A 93.5 E DATABASE PR System

WMO

FORMAT

Automatic Weather Stations (AWS)

Parameter Range Sensor Type Resolution Accuracy

1. Air temp. -40 to +60 deg

C

PT100 0.1 deg. C 0.1°C

2. Wet Bulb temp. -40 to +60 deg

C

PT100 0.1 deg. C 0.1°C

3. Wind speed 0 to 60 m/s 3 Cup

anemometer

0.1 m/s

(Threshold

0.3 m/s)

0.3 m/sec

4. Wind direction 0 to 359 deg. Windvane

controlled to

potentiometer

3°

5. Atmospheric

Pressure

600 hpa to 1100

hpa

Integral

diaphragm type

0.2%of

FSO

6. Relative

Humidity

0-100% Solid state

capacity type

0.1% 3%full

scale

7. Rain fall 0-1 million mm Tipping bucket 0.5 m 5%

8 Sun shine 0-17 Hrs Digital 1 minute 1 min. >1600 AWS are Operational

Forthcoming Weather monitoring missions

INSAT 3D

@82ºE

Mission continuity:

INSAT 3DR @ 74ºE – In orbit Spare

INSAT 3DS: Ground Spare

INSAT 3D Met. Payloads Six channel Imager Nineteen channel Sounder

• Visible to Thermal IR

• 1KM to 8KM IGFOV

• Half hourly earth coverage

•Flexible scanning modes

•Programmable number of lines and frame

repeats

•Improved Blackbody calibration scheme

•Image motion & Mirror motion compensation

• Visible to Long Wave IR

•Fully programmable East-West and North

–South Scan pattern

•Programmable dwell time for East-West

scan step motion

•Automatic space view every 2 min and

Blackbody view every 30min.

•10KM IGFOV, 14bits digitization

•Image motion & Mirror motion

compensation

Visible

SWIR MIR WVP TIR-1 TIR-2

6 Channel Imager

24

19

Scan Modes: Normal: Full Earth Disk, 18 x18 in

24 x19 FOR (<27min)

Program: No. of Scan lines and No. of

Image repeats programmable. Can be placed

anywhere in FOR

Channel

(NET@300K)

Spectral

Band

(µm)

Spatial

Resolution

at Nadir

(km)

VIS

(SNR>150)

0.55-0.75 1 km

SWIR

(SNR>150)

1.55-1.70 1 km

MIR

(1.4K)

3.80-4.00 4 km

WV

(1.0K@230K)

6.5-7.1 8 km

TIR-1

(0.35K)

10.3-11.3 4 km

TIR-2

(0.35K)

11.5-12.5 4 km

VIS

0.67-0.72um SWIR

3.67-4.59um MWIR

6.38-11.33um

LWIR

11.66-14.85um

6Ch 5Ch 7Ch

19 Channel Sounder

24

19

24

19

Minimum: 1 x 1

(640x640KM) in 1.7min,

anywhere in FOR of

24 x19

Maximum: 15 x 15

(9600KMx9600KM) in

~400min, anywhere in

FOR

Sounder Modes:

Programmable

Sounding Area:

Programmable Space view

Direction selection

Selection of Dwell time on

each scene: 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4s

INSAT 3D Met. Payloads

Geo-Physical Parameters for INSAT-3D Meteorological Mission

IMAGER, VHRR,CCD SOUNDER

Cloud Motion Vector (CMV) Aerosol

Water Vapour wind Vector (WVWV) Temperature , Humidity and Ozone

Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) Geopotential Height

Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) GPI

and IMSRA

Layer Precipitable water

Snow Cover Total Precipitable Water

Upper troposphere humidity (UTH) Lifted Index

Fog Identification (only Night time) Wind Index

Smoke ( with MODIS data) Dry microburst Index

Fire (tested with MODIS data) Maximum vertical theta – e differential

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

Normalized Differential Vegetation Index

D

E

R

I

V

E

D

High Resolution Imaging Sensors on GEO Platform

High resolution Multi-spectral VNIR

Ground Resolution : 50 meters

Hyper-spectral VNIR

Ground Resolution : 500 meters

Hyper-spectral SWIR

Ground Resolution : 500 meters

Multi-channel IR

Ground Resolution : 1500 meters

GISAT

Scanning Modes:

Full globe (18x18 deg)

Sub continent (10x12 deg)

User defined area scanning

GISAT-Imaging modes

TELESCOPE

CAMERA

ELECTRONICS

Image generation through agile S/C scanning

Single optics for 4 payloads

Miniature 14-bit and 16-bit camera electronics

SAME TELESCOPE

APPLICATIONS

Forestry, Flood Mapping,

Vegetation, Soil Moisture, Oil

Spillage, Disaster Management

Caters to some applications of L

and X band SAR also.

FEATURES

First Spaceborne SAR developed indigenously

C-band SAR catering to diverse applications

from Agriculture to high resolution land-

mapping

Resolution from 1m to 50m

Swath from 10km to 220km

State-of-the-art Active Antenna with 576

TRMs

Electronic beam steering covering 107-659km

range

RISAT IMAGING ALONG WITH

DIFFERENT MODES

(C)FRS1/(C)FRS2

MODES

(C)HRS MODE

53

6

km

(C)CRS

MODE (C)MRS MODE

STOWED CONFIGURATION

MODEL

STOWED IN INTEGRATION LAB

SATELLITE EXPLODED VIEW

A Ka Band altimeter ( 35.5 – 36 GHz)

A dual frequency radiometer ( 24 / 37 GHz)

A common antenna shared by Altimeter &

Radiometer (1 meter dia)

LRA (Laser Retro - Reflector Array)

DORIS instrument (Doppler Orbitography & Radio

positioning Integrated by Satellite)

Provide altimetric measurements designed to

study ocean circulation and sea surface

elevation.

Marine meteorology and sea state forecasting,

Operational oceanography, seasonal

forecasting, climate monitoring and climate

research.

Argos Satellite based system collects environmental

data from autonomous platforms

SARAL: Satellite For Argos And Altika (ISRO-CNES)

Mesoscale

Variability (Central Objective)

Mean

Sea Level

Light rainfall

climatology

Inland

& Sea Ice

Sea

State

Operational

Oceanography

Coastal

Altimetry

Geodesy/

Geophysics

Inland

waters Global

Change

GSICS Activity at ISRO

No

rma

lize

d S

RF

0

1

No

rma

lize

d S

RF

0

1

No

rma

lize

d S

RF

0

1

No

rma

lize

d S

RF

0

1

IASI

AIRS

Brightn

ess T

em

pera

ture

AIRS: Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder

Polar Orbiting Aqua (2002)

Channels: 2378 (650 cm-1 to 2675 cm-1)

(3.74 μm - 15.4 μm)

Spectral resolution: /1200

Spatial Resolution: 13.5 Km at Nadir

IASI: Infrared Atmospheric Sounding

Interferometer

Polar Orbiting Metop (2007)

Channels: 8461 (645 cm-1 to 2760 cm-1)

(3.62 μm - 15.5 μm)

Spectral resolution: 0.35 cm-1 at SWIR

0.50 cm-1 at LWIR

(resampled at 0.25 cm-1)

Spatial Resolution: ~12 km at Nadir

Intercalibration of Kalpana IR and WV

Channels with AIRS and IASI

(a) TIR Channel Ascending

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1-J

ul

11-J

ul

21-J

ul

31-J

ul

10-A

ug

20-A

ug

30-A

ug

9-S

ep

19-S

ep

29-S

ep

9-O

ct

19-O

ct

29-O

ct

8-N

ov

18-N

ov

28-N

ov

8-D

ec

18-D

ec

Date (July 2011)

BIA

S /

Std

Dev

(K)

StdDev

BIAS

(b) TIR Channel / Descending

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1-J

ul

11-J

ul

21-J

ul

31-J

ul

10-A

ug

20-A

ug

30-A

ug

9-S

ep

19-S

ep

29-S

ep

9-O

ct

19-O

ct

29-O

ct

8-N

ov

18-N

ov

28-N

ov

8-D

ec

18-D

ec

28-D

ec

Date (2011)

BIA

S /

Std

Dev

(K)

StdDev

BIAS

(b) WV Channel / Descending

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1-J

ul

11-J

ul

21-J

ul

31-J

ul

10-A

ug

20-A

ug

30-A

ug

9-S

ep

19-S

ep

29-S

ep

9-O

ct

19-O

ct

29-O

ct

8-N

ov

18-N

ov

28-N

ov

8-D

ec

18-D

ec

28-D

ec

Date (2011)

BIA

S /

Std

Dev

(K)

StdDev

bias

(a) WV Channel / Ascending

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1-J

ul

11-J

ul

21-J

ul

31-J

ul

10-A

ug

20-A

ug

30-A

ug

9-S

ep

19-S

ep

29-S

ep

9-O

ct

19-O

ct

29-O

ct

8-N

ov

18-N

ov

28-N

ov

8-D

ec

18-D

ec

28-D

ec

Date (2011)

BIA

S /

Std

Dev

(K)

StdDev

BIAS

Kalpana TIR Channel

vs IASI Convolved

Kalpana WV Channel

vs IASI Convolved

Evening Evening

Morning Morning

Intercalibration Results

GSICS Plan for INSAT 3D

Imager and Sounder

INSAT-3D Imager FM-SRF

200

220

240

260

280

300

3 5 7 9 11 13 15

Wavelength (Micron)

Bri

gh

tne

ss

Te

mp

era

ture

(K

)

IASI Tb Spectra

Ch3 (MWIR)

Ch4 (WV)

Ch5 (TIR1)

Ch6 (TIR2)

INSAT 3D Imager and IASI Spectra

INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF

200

220

240

260

280

300

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Wavelength (Micron)

Brig

htn

ess

Te

mp

era

ture

(K

)

INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF

200

220

240

260

280

300

5 6 7 8 9

Wavelength (Micron)

Brig

htn

ess

Te

mp

era

ture

(K

)

INSAT-3D Sounder FM-SRF

200

220

240

260

280

300

3.5 4 4.5 5

Wavelength (Micron)

Brig

htn

ess

Te

mp

era

ture

(K

)INSAT 3D Sounder and IASI Spectra

Resourcesat – 1/2

LISS III, LISS IV ,

AWiFS

RISAT-1/1R

C-band SAR

Geo HR Imager

50m resolution

Resourcesat-3/3A(P)

VNIR, SWIR,, ACS

(3 camera)

Cartosat- 2C/2D(P)

PAN Stereo (< 1m)

MX (2.4 m)

Indian Earth Observation System (2013-18, Future)

GHG Satellite

(High resolution spectrometer

Resource sampler(P)

2.5 m MX, 30m HySi, 1.25 Pan

INSAT-3D

THANK YOU………….

for the patience