EARLY COLONIZATION WHO, WHY, WHERE AND WHAT? REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPANSION MORE TERRITORY EXPAND...

EARLY COLONIZATION

WHO, WHY, WHERE AND WHAT?

REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPANSION

MORE TERRITORYEXPAND

TRADE

EXPLORE THE WORLD

MORE WEALTH SPREAD

CHRISTIANITY

European Colonization

• Once the New World is discovered, the Big 4 four European countries begin competing for control of North America and the world….– Spain– England– France– Portugal

• This power struggle ultimately leads to several wars.

European Colonization

• Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)

• Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD)

• Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD)

The 3 motives reinforce each other

Direct Causes = 3 G’s

EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

• The countries of Portugal, Spain, France and England explored in the late 1400s for God, Gold, and Glory

• Improved mapmaking, better sailboats, compasses, astrolabes, Prince Henry– all led to better exploration

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World: New World to Old World:

Animals: Horses CattlePigsSheepGoatsChickens

TurkeysLlamasAlpacasGuinea Pigs

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World:

New World to Old World:

Diseases: Smallpox MeaslesChicken PoxMalariaYellow FeverInfluenzaThe Common Cold

Syphilis

| This page was last updated on 12/3/98. | Return to History 111 Supplements

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World: New World to Old World:

Plants: Rice WheatBarleyOatsCoffeeSugarcaneBananasMelonsOlivesDandelionsDaisiesCloverRagweedKentucky Bluegrass

Corn (Maize)Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)TobaccoPeanutsSquashPeppersTomatoesPumpkinsPineapplesCacao (Source of Chocolate)Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)PapayasManioc (Tapioca)GuavasAvocados

SPANISH NORTH AMERICA

• Columbus crosses the Atlantic in October of 1492 and lands in San Salvador (“Holy Savior”)

• He spent about 3 months exploring Islands in the Bahamas

• Europeans used advanced weapons to force locals into labor: Plantation System /Ecomienda

• Disease devastated Native population

SPAIN EXPLORES SOUTHWEST AND WESTERN AMERICA

• Mid-1500s, Spain explored much of what is today the SW & West of the USA

• New Mexico settled by Spanish priest who converted Natives (Pueblos)

• Texas area had 30 expeditions in 16th century

• California was site of numerous missions California

Missions

• French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada– Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of

North America– Develop a fur trade– Couier do Bois

EARLY BRITISH COLONIES

• Beginning in the early 1600s, the English established colonies along the eastern coast of North America

• 1607: Jamestown was first to be settled

• John Smith led this group of settlers

• Colony struggled at first, then was saved by Tobacco crop