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EARLY COLONIZATION
WHO, WHY, WHERE AND WHAT?
REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPANSION
MORE TERRITORYEXPAND
TRADE
EXPLORE THE WORLD
MORE WEALTH SPREAD
CHRISTIANITY
European Colonization
• Once the New World is discovered, the Big 4 four European countries begin competing for control of North America and the world….– Spain– England– France– Portugal
• This power struggle ultimately leads to several wars.
European Colonization
• Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)
• Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD)
• Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD)
The 3 motives reinforce each other
Direct Causes = 3 G’s
EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
• The countries of Portugal, Spain, France and England explored in the late 1400s for God, Gold, and Glory
• Improved mapmaking, better sailboats, compasses, astrolabes, Prince Henry– all led to better exploration
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World: New World to Old World:
Animals: Horses CattlePigsSheepGoatsChickens
TurkeysLlamasAlpacasGuinea Pigs
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Diseases: Smallpox MeaslesChicken PoxMalariaYellow FeverInfluenzaThe Common Cold
Syphilis
| This page was last updated on 12/3/98. | Return to History 111 Supplements
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World: New World to Old World:
Plants: Rice WheatBarleyOatsCoffeeSugarcaneBananasMelonsOlivesDandelionsDaisiesCloverRagweedKentucky Bluegrass
Corn (Maize)Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)TobaccoPeanutsSquashPeppersTomatoesPumpkinsPineapplesCacao (Source of Chocolate)Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)PapayasManioc (Tapioca)GuavasAvocados
SPANISH NORTH AMERICA
• Columbus crosses the Atlantic in October of 1492 and lands in San Salvador (“Holy Savior”)
• He spent about 3 months exploring Islands in the Bahamas
• Europeans used advanced weapons to force locals into labor: Plantation System /Ecomienda
• Disease devastated Native population
SPAIN EXPLORES SOUTHWEST AND WESTERN AMERICA
• Mid-1500s, Spain explored much of what is today the SW & West of the USA
• New Mexico settled by Spanish priest who converted Natives (Pueblos)
• Texas area had 30 expeditions in 16th century
• California was site of numerous missions California
Missions
• French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada– Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of
North America– Develop a fur trade– Couier do Bois
EARLY BRITISH COLONIES
• Beginning in the early 1600s, the English established colonies along the eastern coast of North America
• 1607: Jamestown was first to be settled
• John Smith led this group of settlers
• Colony struggled at first, then was saved by Tobacco crop