Drivers: Reduce Primary Energy Use & Dependence on · PDF fileWaste Heat From Distributed...

July 11 -14, 2016

Distributed Mini-Combined Heat and Power

From Low Temperature Heat:

HFO-1336mzz(Z) as a Working Fluid for

Organic Rankine Cycles

Konstantinos (Kostas) Kontomaris, Ph.D.

Technical Fellow, Global Technology Leader - Working Fluids

Luke D. Simoni, Ph.D

The ChemoursTM Company

Mattias Nilsson, Tim Hamacher, Harald Nes Rislå

Viking Group

July 11-14, 2016

Drivers:

Reduce Primary Energy Use & Dependence on Fossil Fuels

Increase Power Reliability and Resilience

Low Temperature Heat Sources

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Prime

Mover

Air

Fuel

Electrical

Power

Mechanical

Power To on-site use

To utility/grid Gen

Waste Heat From

Distributed Power Generation

(~100-300C)

Resurgence of Distributed Power Generation

Low Temp Heat Sources

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Prime

Mover

Air

Fuel

Electrical

Power

Mechanical

Power To on-site use

To utility/grid Gen

Waste Heat From

Distributed Power Generation

Other

Heat

Incinerators

Industrial Waste Heat

Geothermal Heat

Biomass Combustion

Mini-Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Prime

Mover

Air

Fuel

Electrical

Power

Mechanical

Power To on-site use

To utility/grid Gen

Evaporator Expander

Expanded

Vapor

CondenserPump

Organic Rankine Cycle

Other

Heat

Mechanical

Power To on-site use

To utility/grid Gen

Heat

Additional

Electrical

Power

Focus Today

Waste Heat From

Distributed Power Generation

e.g. District Heating

Waste Heat From

Distributed Power Generation

Mini-CHP

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Prime

Mover

Air

Fuel

Electrical

Power

Mechanical

Power To on-site use

To utility/grid Gen

Evaporator Expander

Expanded

Vapor

CondenserPump

ORC

Other

Heat

Mechanical

Power To on-site use

To utility/grid Gen

Heat

Additional

Electrical

Power

ORC Working Fluid:

HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Novel Working Fluid: HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Chemical Name HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Chemical Formula CF3CH=CHCF3(Z)H H

F

F FF

F

F

Novel Working Fluid: HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Chemical Name HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Chemical Formula CF3CH=CHCF3(Z)

OEL [ppm] 500

Flammabilty Non-Flam

ODP None

GWP100 2

Tcr [oC] 171.3

Pcr [MPa] 2.90

Tb [oC] 33.4

R-1336mzz(Z) has been

classified as A1

(low toxicity, no flammability)

with an OEL of 500 ppm by

ASHRAE

Standing Standard

Project Committee 34

H H

F

F FF

F

F

BASIC PROPERTIES

Novel Working Fluid: HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Chemical Name HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Chemical Formula CF3CH=CHCF3(Z)

OEL [ppm] 500

Flammabilty Non-Flam

ODP None

GWP100 2

Tcr [oC] 171.3

Pcr [MPa] 2.90

Tb [oC] 33.4

H H

F

F FF

F

F

BASIC PROPERTIES

Very Low GWP

and

Non-Flammable

HFO-1336mzz(Z): Vapor Pressure

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

Vap

or

Pre

ssu

re,

MP

a

Temperature, oC

HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Reference Fluid: HFC-245fa

HFC-245fa HFO-

1336mzz(Z)

Tcr [oC] 154.0 171.3

Set of Thermodynamic Properties is Now Available:

Tanaka, Akasaka, Sakaue, Ishikawa and Kontomaris:“Thermodynamic Properties of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz(Z))”

J. Chem. Eng. Data (2016)

HFO-1336mzz(Z): Chemical Stability

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

HFO-1336mzz(Z) as Stable as HFC-245fa

(A Saturated HFC Widely Used in High Temp Apps)

Kontomaris, K.: 15th International Refrig. and Air Cond. Conf.

at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, 2014.

High Chemical Stability to

Various Transformation Mechanisms

Up to at 250 C

Mini-CHP: Viking/AVL ORC Prototype

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

HFO-1336mzz(Z) ORC Testing

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Tevap = 170 oC and DTsuperh_exp_in = 26 K, (i.e. Texp_in = 196 oC);

DTsubc = 14 K at Tcond=60 oC and DTsubc = 11 K at Tcond=80 oC

Testing Conditions:

HFO-1336mzz(Z) ORC Testing

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Drop-In Testing in Unoptimized System

HFO-1336mzz(Z): P-h

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Lubricant Selection: Miscibility

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Temperature, oC

(*) These conditions were not tested because the HFO-1336mzz(Z)/POE blend could have expanded to fill the glass test tube.

Miscibility of HFO-1336mzz(Z)

with an ISO 220 POE lubricant

Complete Miscibility not Indispensable:

Partially Miscible Lubricants Could be Considered

with Proper System Design

Lubricant Selection: Lubricity

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

HFO-1336mzz(Z)/POE ISO 220

Lubricant Selection: Lubricity

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

HFO-1336mzz(Z)/POE ISO 220

working viscosity

Viking/AVL ORC System with HFO-1336mzz(Z):

Measured Performance Map

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

6.0%

6.5%

7.0%

7.5%

8.0%

8.5%

9.0%

9.5%

10.0%

10.5%

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0

Ne

t Th

erm

al E

ffic

ien

cy

Net Mechanical Power, kw

TCOND = 80 oC

TCOND = 60 oC900 RPM

900 RPM

1,500 RPM

1,250 RPM

1,500 RPM

1,250 RPM

Tevap = 170 oC and DTsuperh_exp_in = 26 K, (i.e. Texp_in = 196 oC);

DTsubc = 14 K at Tcond=60 oC and DTsubc = 11 K at Tcond=80 oC

Viking/AVL ORC System with HFO-1336mzz(Z):

Measured Performance Map

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

6.0%

6.5%

7.0%

7.5%

8.0%

8.5%

9.0%

9.5%

10.0%

10.5%

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0

Ne

t Th

erm

al E

ffic

ien

cy

Net Mechanical Power, kw

TCOND = 80 oC

TCOND = 60 oC900 RPM

900 RPM

1,500 RPM

1,250 RPM

1,500 RPM

1,250 RPM

Tevap = 170 oC and DTsuperh_exp_in = 26 K, (i.e. Texp_in = 196 oC);

DTsubc = 14 K at Tcond=60 oC and DTsubc = 11 K at Tcond=80 oC

Better Performance with

Lower Condensing Temp

(Dictated by Heating Duty)

Viking/AVL ORC System with HFO-1336mzz(Z):

Measured Performance Map

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

6.0%

6.5%

7.0%

7.5%

8.0%

8.5%

9.0%

9.5%

10.0%

10.5%

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0

Ne

t Th

erm

al E

ffic

ien

cy

Net Mechanical Power, kw

TCOND = 80 oC

TCOND = 60 oC900 RPM

900 RPM

1,500 RPM

1,250 RPM

1,500 RPM

1,250 RPM

Tevap = 170 oC and DTsuperh_exp_in = 26 K, (i.e. Texp_in = 196 oC);

DTsubc = 14 K at Tcond=60 oC and DTsubc = 11 K at Tcond=80 oC

Machine Optimization

for HFO-1336mzz(Z)

Underway

Payback Time

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Scenario: Waste Heat @ ~200C; Heating Duty @ 60-80C

CHP vs. SHP (WHR + Power from Grid)

Is the electrical power generated by ORC

worth the additional equipment cost?

Factor

Adverse

Market

Electricity Price Low

Green Incentives No

Payback Time [yrs] 5

Payback Time

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Scenario: Waste Heat @ ~200C; Heating Duty @ 60-80C

CHP vs. SHP (WHR + Power from Grid)

Payback Time

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Scenario: Waste Heat @ ~200C; Heating Duty @ 60-80C

CHP vs. SHP (WHR + Power from Grid)

Sustainability Objectives; Creative Financing

Factor

Adverse

Market

Electricity Price Low

Green Incentives No

Payback Time [yrs] 5

Payback Time

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Factor

Adverse

Market

Favorable

Market

Electricity Price Low High

Green Incentives No Yes

Payback Time [yrs] 5 2-3

Scenario: Waste Heat @ ~200C; Heating Duty @ 60-80C

CHP vs. SHP (WHR + Power from Grid)

Wider and More Rapid Adoption

Summary-Outlook

R-1336mzz(Z):Unique and attractive combination of properties for

power generation from low temp (waste) heat:

Safety, Health, Environmental

Chemical Stability, High Tcr, Low P

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

Multiple trials under way!

HFO-1336mzz(Z) Commercialization in 2017

Attractive Combined Heat & Power Performance

in the Viking/AVL ORC Prototype

Questions?

Kontomaris et al., 16th Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conf., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, July 11-14, 2016

konstantinos.kontomaris@chemours.com

Disclaimer: The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that Chemours believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons

having technical skill, at their own risk. Since conditions of use are outside our control, we make no warranties, expressed or implied and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under, or a

recommendation to infringe any patents or patent applications.

THANK YOU!