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No lecture on 23 Dec 2004 !
Today‘s lecture:-some remarks on color
-and on advanced materials for OLEDs- visit of our cleanroom facilities
e.g.: S(λ):
V.7: Color tuning in OLEDs
Since our eye is not a spectrometer it is enough to discuss color coordinates instead of the complete emission spectra:
Y is proportional to the brightness
The CIE -triangle
XxX Y Z
=+ +
YyX Y Z
=+ +
1z x y= − −
x,y describe the chromaticity coordinates(„Farbort“)
„white“: x=y=0.333
V.7.1 Color tuning with organic emitters
ADS100RE – ORANGE LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER
Chemical Name Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-
Source, Inc.LLIIGGHHTT EEMMIITTTTIINNGG PPOOLLYYMMEERRSS
phenylenevinylene]
Appearance Orange Fiber
Molecular Weight 50,000 (GPC vs. polystyrene standards)
Absorption 494 nm (in THF)
Photoluminescent 587 nm (Film) CAS Registry Number: 138184-36-8
ADS102RE – ORANGE LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER
Chemical Name Poly[(2-methoxy-5-{2-ethylhexyloxy}-1,4-phenylenevinylene)-co-(4,4’-biphenylene vinylene)]
Appearance Orange Powder
Molecular Weight 50,000 (GPC vs. polystyrene standards)
Absorption 463 nm (in THF)
Photoluminescent 578 nm (Film)
ADS120BE – BLUE LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER
Chemical Name Poly[2-(6-cyanato-6-methylheptyloxy)-1,4-phenylene]
Appearance White Powder
Molecular Weight 5,000 (GPC vs. polystyrene standards)
Absorption 320 nm (in THF)
Photoluminescent 403 nm (fILM) CAS Registry Number: 184223-82-3
ADS130BE – BLUE LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER
Chemical Name Poly[9,9-dihexylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl]
Appearance Light Yellow Powder
Molecular Weight 9,000 (GPC vs. polystyrene standards)
Absorption 382 nm (in THF)
O
OMe
0.2
0.8
O
CN
n
AmericanDyeADS
n
CH3O
O
n
www.adsdyes.comwww.adsdyes.com
Courtesy of Dr. Steven S. Xiao
LLIIGGHHTT EEMMIITTTTIINNGG MMEETTAALL CCOOMMPPLLEEXXEESSADS060GE – ORGANIC GREEN LIGHT EMITTER
Chemical Name Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (III)
Appearance Yellow green powder
Formula Weight 654.82
Chemical Formula C33 H24 N3 Ir
Melting Point 326 – 328 oC
Spectral Properties λAbs. 381 nm, λExc. 397 nm, λPL 512 nm (film)
ADS090GE – ORGANIC GREEN LIGHT EMITTER
Chemical Name Tris(3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-trimethyl- acetyl-5-pyrazoline)terbium (III)
Appearance White powder
Formula Weight 930.86
Chemical Formula C45 H51 N6 O6 Tb
Melting Point 258 - 260 oC
Spectral Properties λAbs. 300 nm, λExc. 334 nm, λPL 488 and 544 nm
ADS061GE – ORGANIC GREEN LIGHT EMITTER
Chemical Name Tris(8-Hydroxyquinolato)aluminum (III)
Appearance White powder
Formula Weight 458.98
Chemical Formula C27 H18 N3 O3 Al
Melting Point 408 – 410 oC
Spectral Properties λAbs. 356 nm, λExc. 398 nm, λPL 510 nm (film)
ADS062GE – ORGANIC GREEN LIGHT EMITTER
Chemical Name Tris(8-hydroxyquinolato)gallium (III)
Appearance White powder
Formula Weight 501.72
Chemical Formula C27 H18 N3 O3 Ga
Melting Point 378 – 380 oC
Spectral Properties λAbs. 397 nm, λExc. 399 nm, λPL 523 nm (film)
AMERICAN DYE SOURCE, INC.555 Morgan Boulevard, Baie D’Urfe, Quebec, Canada H9X 3T6
Tel. 514-457-0070 ♦ Fax 514-457-0071 ♦ E-mail: info@adsdyes.com ♦ Webpage: www.adsdyes.com
American Dye Source, Inc. August 2001 Page 4 of 4
AmericanDyeSource, Inc.ADS
N
O
N
O
N O
Al
N
O
N
O
N O
Ga
Tb
NNCH3
O O
N N
CH3
O
O
NN O
O
CH3
N
N
NIr
N N
NN
Tg = 133º C
HTL
NN
Tg = 60-70º C
HTL
Spirobifluorene-TPD
TPD
Al
N
O
N
O
N
O
Tris aluminum 8-hydroxy quinoline (Alq3)
Electron transporter and Electron transporter and light emitterlight emitter
Dopants:Dopants:
O O
N
S
N
Coumarin 540 (green)
N
O
CNNC
DCJT (red)
N
N
N
N
Et Et
Et
Et
Et Et
Et
Et
Pt
PtOEP
IrN
3Ir(ppy)3
N
NO
OCH 3
CH 3
QA green
Coumarin 6green (1)
OLED Technology: color by doping
DCJT
(2) REDRubrene
(3,4)S N
Ir
2
bt
NI r
2
ppy
Yellow
S
NIr
2
btp
NDSA
blue-green
N N
CBP
Host
N
N
N
N
Et Et
Et
Et
Et Et
Et
Et
Pt
PtOEP
(5)Green Red
Examples of Phosphorescent Dopant Materials(1) Original OLED Doping Paper:1. “Electroluminescence of Doped Organic Thin Films” C.W. Tang et.al J. of Appl. Phys. 65, 3610 (1989).2. “Red Emitting Organic EL Devices with Improved Stability”, T.K. Hatwar et.al 10th Int. Workshop on
Inorganic and Organic Electroluminescence, pg. 31 Dec. 2000 Hamamatsu Japan.3. “Very High Efficiency Green Organic LEDs Based on Electrophosphorescence” M.Baldo et.al APL 75, 4 (1999).4. “Improved Energy Transfer in Electrophosphorescent Devices” D.F. O’Brien et.al APL 74, 442 (1999).5.“High-efficiency organic electrophosphorescent devices through balance of charge injection,” Jabbour et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 2026 (2002). Courtesy of Dr. E. Forsythe
V.7.1 Color tuning with inorganic nanoparticles
What are Dendrimers?What are Dendrimers?
Dendrimers are Dendrimers are macromoleculesmacromolecules
Dendrimers are NOT Dendrimers are NOT “small molecules”“small molecules”
Dendrimers are NOT Dendrimers are NOT “polymers”
SS
S
S
S
S
S S SS
S
S
S
SSS
Core
Surface groups
Dendron
“polymers”
Courtesy of Dr. D. Reddy
DendrimersDendrimers
Dendrimers contain
Light emitting corebranching groups (Dendrons)Surface groups
At high levels of branching dendrimers become spherical
Core is protected from the outside environment by the surface groups
Molecular Encapsulation – improves OLED lifetime
Easy to Purify (advantage over polymers)Courtesy of Dr. D. Reddy
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