Introductory remarks

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No lecture on 23 Dec 2004 !

Today‘s lecture:-some remarks on color

-and on advanced materials for OLEDs- visit of our cleanroom facilities

e.g.: S(λ):

V.7: Color tuning in OLEDs

Since our eye is not a spectrometer it is enough to discuss color coordinates instead of the complete emission spectra:

Y is proportional to the brightness

The CIE -triangle

XxX Y Z

=+ +

YyX Y Z

=+ +

1z x y= − −

x,y describe the chromaticity coordinates(„Farbort“)

„white“: x=y=0.333

V.7.1 Color tuning with organic emitters

ADS100RE – ORANGE LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER

Chemical Name Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-

Source, Inc.LLIIGGHHTT EEMMIITTTTIINNGG PPOOLLYYMMEERRSS

phenylenevinylene]

Appearance Orange Fiber

Molecular Weight 50,000 (GPC vs. polystyrene standards)

Absorption 494 nm (in THF)

Photoluminescent 587 nm (Film) CAS Registry Number: 138184-36-8

ADS102RE – ORANGE LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER

Chemical Name Poly[(2-methoxy-5-{2-ethylhexyloxy}-1,4-phenylenevinylene)-co-(4,4’-biphenylene vinylene)]

Appearance Orange Powder

Molecular Weight 50,000 (GPC vs. polystyrene standards)

Absorption 463 nm (in THF)

Photoluminescent 578 nm (Film)

ADS120BE – BLUE LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER

Chemical Name Poly[2-(6-cyanato-6-methylheptyloxy)-1,4-phenylene]

Appearance White Powder

Molecular Weight 5,000 (GPC vs. polystyrene standards)

Absorption 320 nm (in THF)

Photoluminescent 403 nm (fILM) CAS Registry Number: 184223-82-3

ADS130BE – BLUE LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER

Chemical Name Poly[9,9-dihexylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl]

Appearance Light Yellow Powder

Molecular Weight 9,000 (GPC vs. polystyrene standards)

Absorption 382 nm (in THF)

O

OMe

0.2

0.8

O

CN

n

AmericanDyeADS

n

CH3O

O

n

www.adsdyes.comwww.adsdyes.com

Courtesy of Dr. Steven S. Xiao

LLIIGGHHTT EEMMIITTTTIINNGG MMEETTAALL CCOOMMPPLLEEXXEESSADS060GE – ORGANIC GREEN LIGHT EMITTER

Chemical Name Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (III)

Appearance Yellow green powder

Formula Weight 654.82

Chemical Formula C33 H24 N3 Ir

Melting Point 326 – 328 oC

Spectral Properties λAbs. 381 nm, λExc. 397 nm, λPL 512 nm (film)

ADS090GE – ORGANIC GREEN LIGHT EMITTER

Chemical Name Tris(3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-trimethyl- acetyl-5-pyrazoline)terbium (III)

Appearance White powder

Formula Weight 930.86

Chemical Formula C45 H51 N6 O6 Tb

Melting Point 258 - 260 oC

Spectral Properties λAbs. 300 nm, λExc. 334 nm, λPL 488 and 544 nm

ADS061GE – ORGANIC GREEN LIGHT EMITTER

Chemical Name Tris(8-Hydroxyquinolato)aluminum (III)

Appearance White powder

Formula Weight 458.98

Chemical Formula C27 H18 N3 O3 Al

Melting Point 408 – 410 oC

Spectral Properties λAbs. 356 nm, λExc. 398 nm, λPL 510 nm (film)

ADS062GE – ORGANIC GREEN LIGHT EMITTER

Chemical Name Tris(8-hydroxyquinolato)gallium (III)

Appearance White powder

Formula Weight 501.72

Chemical Formula C27 H18 N3 O3 Ga

Melting Point 378 – 380 oC

Spectral Properties λAbs. 397 nm, λExc. 399 nm, λPL 523 nm (film)

AMERICAN DYE SOURCE, INC.555 Morgan Boulevard, Baie D’Urfe, Quebec, Canada H9X 3T6

Tel. 514-457-0070 ♦ Fax 514-457-0071 ♦ E-mail: info@adsdyes.com ♦ Webpage: www.adsdyes.com

American Dye Source, Inc. August 2001 Page 4 of 4

AmericanDyeSource, Inc.ADS

N

O

N

O

N O

Al

N

O

N

O

N O

Ga

Tb

NNCH3

O O

N N

CH3

O

O

NN O

O

CH3

N

N

NIr

N N

NN

Tg = 133º C

HTL

NN

Tg = 60-70º C

HTL

Spirobifluorene-TPD

TPD

Al

N

O

N

O

N

O

Tris aluminum 8-hydroxy quinoline (Alq3)

Electron transporter and Electron transporter and light emitterlight emitter

Dopants:Dopants:

O O

N

S

N

Coumarin 540 (green)

N

O

CNNC

DCJT (red)

N

N

N

N

Et Et

Et

Et

Et Et

Et

Et

Pt

PtOEP

IrN

3Ir(ppy)3

N

NO

OCH 3

CH 3

QA green

Coumarin 6green (1)

OLED Technology: color by doping

DCJT

(2) REDRubrene

(3,4)S N

Ir

2

bt

NI r

2

ppy

Yellow

S

NIr

2

btp

NDSA

blue-green

N N

CBP

Host

N

N

N

N

Et Et

Et

Et

Et Et

Et

Et

Pt

PtOEP

(5)Green Red

Examples of Phosphorescent Dopant Materials(1) Original OLED Doping Paper:1. “Electroluminescence of Doped Organic Thin Films” C.W. Tang et.al J. of Appl. Phys. 65, 3610 (1989).2. “Red Emitting Organic EL Devices with Improved Stability”, T.K. Hatwar et.al 10th Int. Workshop on

Inorganic and Organic Electroluminescence, pg. 31 Dec. 2000 Hamamatsu Japan.3. “Very High Efficiency Green Organic LEDs Based on Electrophosphorescence” M.Baldo et.al APL 75, 4 (1999).4. “Improved Energy Transfer in Electrophosphorescent Devices” D.F. O’Brien et.al APL 74, 442 (1999).5.“High-efficiency organic electrophosphorescent devices through balance of charge injection,” Jabbour et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 2026 (2002). Courtesy of Dr. E. Forsythe

V.7.1 Color tuning with inorganic nanoparticles

What are Dendrimers?What are Dendrimers?

Dendrimers are Dendrimers are macromoleculesmacromolecules

Dendrimers are NOT Dendrimers are NOT “small molecules”“small molecules”

Dendrimers are NOT Dendrimers are NOT “polymers”

SS

S

S

S

S

S S SS

S

S

S

SSS

Core

Surface groups

Dendron

“polymers”

Courtesy of Dr. D. Reddy

DendrimersDendrimers

Dendrimers contain

Light emitting corebranching groups (Dendrons)Surface groups

At high levels of branching dendrimers become spherical

Core is protected from the outside environment by the surface groups

Molecular Encapsulation – improves OLED lifetime

Easy to Purify (advantage over polymers)Courtesy of Dr. D. Reddy