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Done by: Ong Wei Sern
Sim Yew Chong
Tan Yan Wei
Ang Zheng Yong
BP Oil Spill
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, also
known as “BP Oil Spill” : The Gulf Of Mexico in 2010
** BP- British multinational oil and gas company HQ in London
Largest accidental marine oil spill >30% larger in volume than the “Ixtoc I” oil spill
Total discharge: 210 million US gallons
Introduction
20 April 2010: High-pressure methane gas from
the well expanded into the drilling riser and rose into the drilling rig
Drilling rig- Ignited and explode, engulfing the platform, causing the historic oil spill
Failed efforts to contain flow 19 September 2010: Well capped and declared sealed
Introduction
Flawed well design
Poor management decisions
Inadequate preparation
Ignorant towards critical indicators
Insufficient training
Violation of federal regulations
Causes
Cement failure- Base of well
containing oil and gas.Allowing natural gas under huge pressure to shoot onto drilling platform EXPLOSION
Flawed Design: Cement used to seal the bottom of well Failed to contain hydrocarbons within the reservoir as they were designed to do Allowing gas and liquids to flow up the production casing.
Causes
Poor management decisions:
Rush to completion of the well
Huge financial pressure to cut costs and rush the job
The project: $50 million over budget Behind schedule
Causes
Inadequate Preparation:
BP wellhead was fitted with a blowout preventer (BOP) improperly for use during emergency
Failed to engage. Hydrocarbons shot up the well at an uncontrollable rate and ignited, causing a series of explosions on the rig
Causes
Ignorant towards Critical Indicators: Failure to recognise initial ominous signs
etc. a pipe called a riser- losing fluid
BP ignored recommendations by Halliburton for more centralizers (Claimed that the lack of centralizers probably did not affect the cement)
Flow of gas into the engine rooms through ventilation system created potential for ignition
Should have redirected the flow of flammable gas
Causes
Insufficient Training: Workers interpret pressure test wrongly Caused reports sent to be inaccurate
Violation of Federal Regulations: Required to:
(a) Operate in safe manner(b) Take Measures to contain oil and gas(c) Conduct Reliable tests of well pressures(d) Notify of changes in well drilling plans
Causes
"The evidence show that BP put
profits before people, profits before safety and profits before the environment,"
-Justice Department attorney Mike Underhill
Causes
Commercial and recreational fishing was
affected from Mississippi to Florida Tourism: Important to Gulf Coast states
Affected by cancelled vacations Jobs in the fishing, tourism and even oil industry
are in jeopardy Shrimp, crab and oyster farmers and harvesters
now only have contaminated seas and estuaries left
2010-2013 Costs: Gulf Coast States USD23 billion
Impacts-Economical
Symptoms of nausea, dehydration, dizziness,
headaches, chest pains and vomiting The spill and related clean up released
chemicals into the environment Full health impact on the reason may not be
known for many years. BP describes itself as a “changed company”
with a shattered reputation BP lost its CEO, costed billions of dollars
Impacts-Social and Political
Oil washed up on shores, into wildlife refuges,
beaches, and seafood grounds
16,000 total miles of coastline have been affected, including the coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida
Impacts-Environmental 1
Impacts-Environmental 1
Many of the areas have unacceptable levels of contamination
Over 8,000 animals (birds, turtles, mammals) were reported dead just 6 months after the spill, including many that are already on the endangered species list
Signs of an oil-and-dispersant mix
were found under the shells of tiny blue crab larvae
Some types of spiders and otherinsects became far less numerous
Migratory birds carried chemicals from the spill as far as Minnesota (From the Gulf of Mexico)
Chronic exposure to toxic materials caused all sorts of problems with immune deficiencies and in somecases even deformities
Impacts-Environmental 2
Map of Area Affected
Searching for risks of oil spills
+Assess situation Develop appropriate oil spill response and crisis management plans
Developed oil spill modelling systems and capabilities
Preventive measures
Enhancing the environmental and
socio-economic data required in the models: Help inform response planning
Conducting staff training in related regions
Preventive measures
Using dispersants- Breaks down oil into
smaller structures
Once oil in the sea is broken down to smaller droplets
Microbes will consume these smaller droplets of oil
Danger: Absorbed by marine life, into food chain.
Clean-up measures
Containment and skimming:
Buoyant booms floating and web below surface
Keep oil from spreading out/ contaminating further
Easier to skim oil from surface
Boats suck/scoop oil, into containment tanks
Clean-up measures
Searching for risks of oil spills
+Assess situation Develop appropriate oil spill response and crisis management plans
Developed oil spill modelling systems and capabilities
Preventive measures
Using magnets- oil will be pumped
onto a boat treatment facility
Magnetic nanoparticles will be exposed to the oil which will then stick to the oil
Filtration- With help of magnets to separate oil and water
Clean-up measures
Biological Agents: (Reached shore)
Fertilisers spread over shoreline (etc. Phosphorus/Nitrogen)
Foster microorganism growth
Break down oil into natural components
Clean-up measures
Sorbents:
Large sponges absorb oil from water
In-situ Burning:Setting oil on fire
More effective
But produces large amount of toxic gas
X Near coastal settlement area
Clean-up measures
http
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY-PikuXTYY
Video: The BP Oil Spill
http://
www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle800.do?categoryId=9048964&contentId=7083298
http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle800.do?categoryId=9048922&contentId=7082610
http://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/21/tech/oil-spill-magnets http://
www.nola.com/news/gulf-oil-spill/index.ssf/2013/04/as_third_anniversary_of_bp_oil.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10309001 http://
www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-26/bp-profit-push-root-cause-of-gulf-spill-witness-says.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/12/science/earth/12spill.html
Bibliography
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/apr/20/deepwater-ho
rizon-key-questions-answered http://www.bp.com/genericarticle.do?categoryId=2012968&conten
tId=7064893 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/15/science/earth/15spill.html?_r
=0 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-21548117 http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/bp-oil-spill-trial-begins-art
icle-1.1272679 http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-bp-oil-spil
l http://www.wwltv.com/news/local/Three-years-after-BP-oil-spill-new
-report-rates-health-of-Gulf-of-Mexico-ecosystem-202213361.html http://
articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/25/nation/la-na-bp-trial-20130226
Bibliography
Thank You!!
===THE END===
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