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Divisions of the Nervous System
2
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic NS “Arouses”
(fight-or-flight)
Parasympathetic NS “Calms”
(rest and digest)
The Endocrine System!
4
The Endocrine System
Endocrine System is the body’s “slow”
chemical communication
system. Communication is
carried out by hormones
synthesized by a set of glands.
NeurotransmittersHormones
The Endocrine System
How Hormones Affect Your BehaviorGrowth of bodily structures such as
muscles and bones, differences between males and females
MetabolismEnergy levelsPreparing the body for stressful situationsMood
The Endocrine GlandsPituitary Gland
“Master Gland”Located near the midbrain Controlled by the hypothalamusSecretes hormones which control the output
of hormones by other endocrine glandsMonitors hormone levels to prevent
imbalances
The Endocrine GlandsThyroid Gland
Located in the neckSecretes thyroxine
Thyroid Gland AbnormalitiesHypothyroidism: too little thyroxineHyperthyroidism: too much thyroxine Thyroid CancerGoiter
The Endocrine GlandsThymus Gland
Involved in immunityAdrenal Glands
Become active when a person is angry or frightenedNorepinephrineEpinephrine
The Endocrine GlandsPancreas
Regulates sugar metabolism and makes insulin
Diabetes caused by too much insulin or too little insulin
The Endocrine GlandsSex Glands
Ovaries (estrogen/progesterone)Testes (testosterone)
Hormones v. NeurotransmittersWhen a chemical is released as a
neurotransmitter, it is released right beside the cell that it is to excite or inhibit
When a chemical is used as a hormone, it is released into the blood, which diffuses it throughout the body.Neural messages can be measured in
thousandths of a secondHormones may take minutes to reach their
destination, and weeks or months to have their total effect.
Scenario 1You suddenly realize that a scary man is
chasing you, trying to harm you. Explain what happens in your body from the moment you see the man until you are finally in a safe place. Use what you know about the neurons, the nervous system, and the endocrine system, using as many vocabulary terms as possible.
Scenario 2Teresa has just joined the track and field
team at school. Practice begins right after school, and Teresa’s usual habit is to have a big PB&J sandwich as soon as school is over. According to what you know about the autonomic nervous system, should Teresa continue with this habit and eat just before going to practice? Why or why not?
Scenario 3Zaine’s mother practice yoga, and she
often encourages Zaine to join her. On the day of exams, Zaine usually awakens feeling anxious. By the time he gets to school, his mouth is dry, his hands are sweaty, and he has the sensation that he needs to urinate, although his bladder isn’t full. Zaine’s mom advises him to practice yoga before going to school on those mornings. Given what you know about yoga and the autonomic nervous system, is this good advice? Why or why not.
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