Department of Materials Science and Technology Prince of Songkla University Presenter Miss.Narita...
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- Slide 1
- Department of Materials Science and Technology Prince of
Songkla University Presenter Miss.Narita Khundamri Adviser
Assoc.Prof.Dr.Varaporn Tanrattanakul
- Slide 2
- 2 Petrochemicals Introduction The raw materials produced from
petrochemicals are becoming more and more expensive.
- Slide 3
- Green house gases Introduction 3 Petroleum-based polymers
produces green house gases contributing to the problem of global
warming.
- Slide 4
- Renewable resources Introduction 4 Petroleum-based polymers
Bio-based polymers
- Slide 5
- Soybean oil http://health.zen-beautycare.com/health Epoxidized
soybean oil (ESO) Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) Soybean
oil (SO) Introduction 5 Epoxidation Acrylation *1*1 * 1
Tanrattanakul, V. & Saithai P. Applied Polymer Science. (2009).
114, 3057-3067. * 2 Saithai, P., Tanrattanakul, V., Chinpa, W.,
Kaewtatip, K. & Dubreucq, E. Material Science Forum. (2011).
695, 320-323. * 3 Saithai, P., Tanrattanakul, V., Dubreucq, E.
& Lecomte, J. American Scientific Publishers. (2012). 19,
862-865. * 2,3
- Slide 6
- Copolymers AESO Copolymerization by thermal heating
Introduction 6 Polystyrene Applied Polymer Science. (2001). 82,
703-723. Polyester urethane acrylate J Mater Sci. (2010). 45,
1315-1320. Vinyl ester eXPRESS Polymer Letter. (2011). 5, 2-11. p-
p-tertiary butyl phenol furfural resin Appliedd Polymer Science.
(2011). 120, 1707-1712. Poly(methyl methacrylate) Material Science
Forum. (2011). 695, 320-323. American Scientific Publishers.
(2012). 19, 862-865. Stronger polymers Copolymerization
- Slide 7
- Photopolymerization UV irradiation Introduction 7 Advantages of
Photopolymerization The speed of process is faster than thermal
heating copolymerization. The loss of solvent is less than thermal
heating copolymerization. Photoinitiator
- Slide 8
- To investigate the mechanical properties and determine
characteristics of the AESO-co-PMMA copolymers prepared by using UV
radiation. Objective 8
- Slide 9
- Experimental Materials Acrylic acid Darocur 1173 was kindly
provided by O-BASF The Chemical Co. Ltd. (Photoinitiator) Methyl
methacrylate (MMA) (comonomer) Hydroquinone (inhibitor)
Triethylamine (catalyst) Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution
Anhydrous sodium sulfate Epoxidized soybean oil from Viko-flex 7170
Toluene (solvent) 9 (Use for removing inhibitor in MMA)
- Slide 10
- Method Experimental 10 7 min (365 nm) UV irradiation ESO: a =
1:15 110 C 7 hours AESO+MMA AESO ESO+hydroquinone+
triethylamine
- Slide 11
- Figure 1. The 1 H-NMR spectrum of the AESO showing the acrylate
group at position 5. Results 11 Degree of acrylation determined by
1 H-NMR I 5.8 is the intensity of a signal at 5.8 ppm and this
corresponding to the acrylated protons (-CH) I 0.9 is an intensity
of a signal at 0.9 ppm that corresponded to the methyl protons (-CH
3 ). 52 mol% AESO (1) (Campanella et al., 2011)
- Slide 12
- Figure 2. Stress-strain curves of the AESO and AESO-co-PMMA
copolymers containing different MMA contents. 12 Stres s Strai n
Tensile toughness Results Tensile properties
- Slide 13
- Figure 3. Effect of the MMA content on the tensile properties
of the AESO- co-PMMA copolymers: (a) Youngs modulus, (b) tensile
strength and (c) strain at break. 13 a(E) B( b ) c( b ) Tensile
properties Results
- Slide 14
- Figure 4. Effect of the MMA content on the tear resistance of
the AESO-co-PMMA copolymers. 14 Tear resistance Results
- Slide 15
- Figure 5. Effect of the MMA content on the dynamic mechanical
thermal properties of the AESO-co-PMMA copolymers: (a) storage
modulus and (b) tan . Characterization by DMTA a b 15 Results
- Slide 16
- Figure 6. DSC thermograms of the AESO, PMMA and AESO-co- PMMA
copolymers. Results Characterization by DSC 16
- Slide 17
- The Youngs modulus, tear strength, T g of AESO-co-PMMA
copolymer increased as the methyl methacrylate content increased.
Conclusions 17 The tensile strength, strain at break and tensile
toughness had their maximum value when the methyl methacrylate
content was 40 %; any further increase in the methyl methacrylate
content decreased these properties. The results showed that the
mechanical properties of the soybean oil-based plastic by
copolymerization were successfully enhanced by incorporation of
methyl methacrylate under UV radiation.
- Slide 18
- 21 Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the
financial support from: The Research Development and Engineering
(RD&E) fund through The National Nanotechnology Center
(NANOTEC), The National Science and Technology Development Agency
(NSTDA), Thailand (P-10-11333) to Prince of Songkla
University.
- Slide 19
- 2
- Slide 20
- Figure 2. The FTIR spectrum of the AESO, PMMA and AESO-co-PMMA.
Result & Discussion Copolymer formation determine by FTIR Table
1 FTIR assignment of the AESO- co-PMMA copolymer. 20
- Slide 21
- Epoxidized Soybean oil Soybean oil (SO) Epoxidized soybean oil
(ESO) Epoxidation Introduction 21
- Slide 22
- Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean oil Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO)
Acrylated Epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) Acrylation Introduction
22
- Slide 23
- The degree of acrylation in AESO (N acrylated ) was determined
from equation (1) based on a 1 H-NMR spectrum (Campanella et al.,
2011). (1) I 5.8 is the intensity of a signal at 5.8 ppm and this
corresponding to the acrylated protons (-CH) I 0.9 is an intensity
of a signal at 0.9 ppm that corresponded to the methyl protons (-CH
3 ). Degree of acrylation determine by NMR Result & Discussion
23
- Slide 24
- Figure 5 TGA thermograms of the AESO, PMMA and AESO-co-PMMA
copolymers. Table 2 Thermal degradation of the AESO-co-PMMA sheets.
Note: T 5, T 10 and T 10 are the temperatures at whioch 5%, 10% and
50% of weight loss occurred, respectively. Result & Discussion
TGA Characterization 24
- Slide 25
- Result & Discussion Soluble FractionCharacterization Table
3 Degree of soluble fraction of the AESO-co-PMMA sheets 25
- Slide 26
- Table 4 Swelling index of the the AESO-co-PMMA sheets Result
& Discussion Swelling index Characterization 26
- Slide 27
- R R Fernando Urena-Nunez et al., 2008
- Slide 28
- Copolymer 28 PMMA AESO