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CSD 2230HUMAN COMMUNICATION
DISORDERS
Topic 2Normal Communication
Development and Communication Across the
Lifespan--Toddlers
Some General Characteristics
Explosion of speech production and expressive/receptive language skills
Comprehension improves Conversation becomes
more exciting because they are more responsive
Attention span improves
Some General Characteristics
Parents use more adult-like linguistic forms
50 word vocabulary by 18 months
Girls tend to develop faster than boys, overall
Articulation
Some General Characteristics
Major hallmark of the period is the combination of words
Use
The power of each individual word in the toddler’s vocabulary is strong
The purpose and meaning of these words is much broader than an adult’s, and they tend to have multiple purposes and multiple meanings
Content and Form
The toddler lexiconPersonal and uniqueDefinitions
Rules for combining wordsSome examples:
1. Agents come before action“mommy go” “kittie drink”
2. Objects come after action“more cookie” “go car”
Toddler Phonological RulesDeletion of final consonants
Reduces CVC forms to CVDad becomes Da
Deletion of unstressed syllableReduces the number of syllables in a word
Telephone becomes tefoneReduplication
Syllables in multisyllabic words repeatBaby becomes bebe
Reduction of consonant clustersReduces CCV+ structures to CV
Tree becomes teAssimilation
One consonant becomes another to simplify the formDoggie becomes goggie
SubstitutionDifficult sounds are replaced by easier ones
This becomes dis face becomes pace
To Summarize…By the age of two most toddlersUnderstand simple questions and
commandsPoint to body partsAsk questionsUse 2-3 word utterance consistentlyRefers to self by name, but may confuse I
and meAre intelligible about 2/3 of the time, but
volume and pitch are not well controlled
Have about a 300 word speaking vocabulary
Follow and understand simple rules of conversation
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