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Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Benjamin Burkhard Central Department UKEC Tel. 880-1230 mail: bburkhard@ecology.uni-kiel.de
Felix Müller Central Department UKEC Tel. 880-3251 mail: fmueller@ecology.uni-kiel.de
Wilhelm Windhorst Central Department UKEC Tel. 880-4386 mail: wwindhorst@ecology.uni-kiel.de
Klaus Schnack Web Page Software (Info-Net Umwelt)Tel. 880-4029mail: kschnack@ecology.uni-kiel.de
Caspar David Friedrich: Einsamer Baum (Dorflandschaft bei Morgenbeleuchtung, Harzlandschaft), 1822, Öl auf Leinwand, 55 × 71 cm, Berlin, Alte Nationalgalerie, Romantik.
Caspar David Friedrich: Einsamer Baum (Dorflandschaft bei Morgenbeleuchtung, Harzlandschaft), 1822, Öl auf Leinwand, 55 × 71 cm, Berlin, Alte Nationalgalerie, Romantik.
Ecological systems are very, very complex
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Unfriendly characteristics of ecological systems:
• Many components• Many differences between the components• Many interactions between the components• Many different interactions between the components• Very complicated to describe• Long time necessary to explain• Long computer programmes necessary
to imitate the behaviour• Hard … impossible to make prognoses
of the future behaviour
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
There are methods to cope with complexity
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Objectives of the course:
-To learn theoretical fundamentals for thecomprehension of ecological structures, processes, and systems
-To learn how to analyze and order complexinterrelations, to understand ecological interactions, to make systems-based abstractions and to distinguishbetween important and unimportant relations
-To learn basic methods of systems analysis for a bettermanagement strategy
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Basic textbooks:CHAPIN, F.S., P.A. MATSON, H.A. MOONEY (2002):
Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology , Springer Publishers, New YorkJOERGENSEN, S.E. (1997):
Integration of Ecosystem Theories: A pattern. Kluwer Publishers Dortrecht, Boston, London
JOERGENSEN, S.E. and F. MÜLLER (2000): Handbook of Ecosystem Theories. CRC Publishers, Boca Raton
MARTEN, G.G. (2004): Human Ecology. Earthscan, LondonMILLENIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMET (2003). Ecosystems and Human
Well-Being. Island Press, WashingtonSAMSON, F.B., KNOPF, F.L. (1996): Ecosystem Management.
Springer Publishers, New YorkVOGT, K.A. et al. (1997): Ecosystems – Balancing Science with Management.
Springer Publishers, New YorkLiterature lists:
http://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/~fmueller/updates.htmlhttp://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/%7Ebenjamin/seminar/literat.html
Internet sources
Basic literature
http://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/~fmueller/updates.html
Modul homepage
http://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/~fmueller/updates.htmlPoint 4.10
CBD homepage
http://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/salzau_workshop2006/index.html
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Student‘s work load
- power point presentation (15-20 min.)à provide file at the seminar homepageà 30 %
- web page creation (group works)à specific theme concerning ecosystem managementà 20 %
- homeworksà find correct answers to interesting questionsà 20 %
- examinationà write down all you know in 90 minà 30 %
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Overall Outline
1. Systems and system features2. Ecosystems and ecosystem features3. Ecosystem management4. Ecosystem approach of the CBD
A
B
April 5, 2006 Introduction and Organization
General Course Schedules and Tasks à F. Müller
- Teaching Plan
- Seminar Project Plan: CBD Ecosystem Approach
Introducing the Web Page Softwareà K. Schnack
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
A
B
April 12, 2006 General Systems Theory
Systems and Systems Analysisà F. Müller
- Elephants and Ecosystems- System Definition- Steps of Systems Analysis- System Structures- Systems Regulation
Human-Environmental Systemsà B. Burkhard
- Human-Environmental Interactions- Basic Systems Model- Ecosystem Services- Ecosystem Indicators
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
A
B
April 26, 2006
Systems and Ecosystems I.à F. Müller
- Ecosystem Definitionsà Pres. Gosia- Ecosystem Structuresà Pres. Basia- Ecosystem Functionsà Pres. NN
The UNCBD Ecosystem Approachà F. Müller
- Basic Principles of Sustainable Development à Pres. Yvonne- Ecosystem Comprehension of the CBD à Pres. Alyona- State of Implementation à Pres. Alyona
Basics of Systems Ecology I.
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
A
B
May 10, 2006
Systems and Ecosystems II.à B. Burkhard
- Ecosystem Dynamicsà Pres. Kristin- Ecosystem Successionà Pres. Anja- Disturbance and Resilienceà Pres. Kristina
The UNCBD Ecosystem Approach – Case Studiesà B. Burkhard
- German Wadden Sea à Pres. Kirsten
Basics of Systems Ecology II.
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
A
B
May 18, 2006
Ecosystem Protection I.àW. Windhorst- Ecosystem Health à Pres. Sarah- Ecosystem Assessment (Mill. Ass.) à Pres. Heike
Web Page Preparation (Homework)
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Ecosystem Protection Concepts
The UNCBD Ecosystem Approach – Case StudiesàW. Windhorst- Alpine Ecosystems à Pres. Hauke
A
B
May 24, 2006
Ecosystem Protection II.àW. Windhorst- Ecosystem Integrity, the Conceptà Pres. Timo- Ecosystem Integrity, Applicationsà Pres. Timo
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Ecosystem Protection Concepts
The UNCBD Ecosystem Approach – Case StudiesàW. Windhorst - Forest Ecosystems à Pres. Pawel
Ecosystem Theory.à F. Müller
- Network Theoryà Pres. NN- Thermodynamics 101 à Pres. Aiko- Hierarchy Theoryà Pres. Paweł- Gradient Principles à Pres. Lech
May 29 – 31, 2006
International Workshop
The Ecosystem Approach of the CBD Between Scientific Concepts and Practical Demands
Kulturzentrum Salzau
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Nature is complex …
• Elements, subsystems, relations• Living and non-living compartments• Stuctures, functions, organization• Direct effects and indirect effects• Local and delocalized effects• Short term and long-term effects• Holistic systems approach and interdisciplinary
integration
… managing nature can not be simple
Principle 7
States shall cooperate in a spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore
the health and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem.
In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common butdifferentiated responsibilities. The developed countries acknowledge theresponsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainabledevelopment in view of the pressures their societies place on the global
environment and of the technologies and financial resources they command.
The Ecosystem Approach Principles, 1-3
(DECISION V/6 CBD, 2000)
1. The objectives of management of land, water and living resources
are a matter of societal choice.
2. Management should be decentralised to the lowest appropriate level.
3.Ecosystem managers should consider the effects (actual or potential)
of their activities on adjacent and other ecosystems.
The Ecosystem Approach Principles, 4-5
(DECISION V/6 CBD, 2000)
4.Recognising potential gains from management, there is usually a needto understand and manage the ecosystem in an economic context.
Any such ecosystem-management programme should: a) Reduce those market distortions that adversely affect biological
diversity;b) Align incentives to promote biodiversity conservation and
sustainable use; c) Internalise costs and benefits in the given ecosystem to the extent
feasible.
5.Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning, in order to maintainecosystem services, should be a priority target of the ecosystem approach.
The Ecosystem Approach Principles, 6-9
(DECISION V/6 CBD, 2000)
6.Ecosystems must be managed within the limits of their functioning.
7. The ecosystem approach should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial
and temporal scales.
8.Recognising the varying temporal scales and lag-effects that characteriseecosystem processes, objectives for ecosystem management should be set
for the long term.
9.Management must recognise that change is inevitable.
The Ecosystem Approach Principles, 10-12
(DECISION V/6 CBD, 2000)
10.The ecosystem approach should seek the appropriate balance between,
and integration of, conservation and use of biological diversity.
11.The ecosystem approach should consider all forms of relevant
information, includingscientific and indigenous and local knowledge,innovations and practices.
12.The ecosystem approach should involve all relevant sectors of society
and scientific disciplines.
www.biodiv.org/ . information about the Convention, Programmes and issues etc..
http://www.biodiv.org/convention/articles.asp : all articles of the Convention.
www.oekosysansatz.de : website in German with specific information about the integration of CBD principles in conservation of woodlands.
http://www.bioplatform.info : a thematic network which aims to improve the effectiveness and relevance of European biodiversity research. Here you also find a lot of links concerning CBD and Biodiversity issues in general.
http://www.iisd.ca/process/biodiv_wildlife.htm : gives detailed information about CBD.http://www.iisd.ca/biodiv/cbdintro.html
http://www.unep-wcmc.org/cbd/assessment/: information about the implementation of CBD.
http://www.strategyguide.org/stra_cbd.html : approach to stop and reverse the degradation of biological and landscape diversity values in Europe.
- Which are the political demands of the ecosystem approach of the CBD?
- Which is the potential of ecosystem research and ecosystem theory to be applied in an ecosystem management approach?
- Is there a clear relationship between biodiversity and ecosystemfunctioning?
- Which concepts and methods are available for a holistic ecosystem evaluation?
- How can the transfer from science to application be improved in the field of ecosystem management?
- Which methodologies can be used to apply this knowledge at the landscape scale?
Preliminary Workshop Programme at the Web Page http://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/salzau_workshop2006/index.html
Monday, May 29
9:00 Bus Transfer Kiel HBF -Salzau
10:00 Greetings and Workshop Start
10:30 The Political Demands of the Ecosystem Approach
14:00 Scientific Potentials of Ecoystem Research
18:00 Poster Session à Poster from this module?
19:00 Dinner
Preliminary Workshop Programme at the Web Page http://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/salzau_workshop2006/index.html
Tuesday, May 30
9:00 Creating Working Groups
9:40 Unifying Approaches
14:00 Applications and Case Studies
16:00 Working Groups
19:00 Workshop Dinner
Preliminary Workshop Programme at the Web Page http://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/salzau_workshop2006/index.html
Wednesday, May 31
9:00 Working Groups
11:30 Working Group Reports
13:30 Final Discussion
15:15 Bus Transfer Salzau –Kiel HBF
Costs: Accomodation 30,00 €Meals 60,00 €Total 90,00 €
Transfer 90,00 € to the Following Account:
Bank: Sparkasse KielKontoinhaber: Verein zur Förderung der ÖkosystemforschungKennwort: Salzau2006BLZ: 210 501 70Konto-Nr.: 32 00 24 79
Reimbursement for Students: 60,00 €
Bus Transfer:(a) Use your Own Car(b) Monday 7:30 Departure ÖZK(c) Wednesday 16:45 Departure Salzau
Registration at:
http://www.ecology.uni-kiel.de/salzau_workshop2006/index.html
Tasks for individual students or student groups:
Contribute to the Minutes (Protocols) of the SalzauWorkshop
Present a Poster at Salzau
Design of a web page on the Ecosystem Approach of the UN Convention on Biodiversity
The Following Pages Should be Constructed:
- What is the CBD?- Which are the basic ideas of the Ecosystem Approach?- What are the „Malawi Principles“?- Which is the state-of-implementation?- Case studies (a, b, c)- Principles of ecosystem development (a, b, c)- Ecosystem indicators- Ecosystem health- Ecosystem integrity- Ecosystem services- Human-environmental interactions- …..- Joint page: A road map for future implementation of the approach
A
June 20, 2006
Ecosystem Research and Ecosystem MonitoringàW. Windhorst
- German Ecosystem Projects à Pres. Henrike- International Ecosystem Projects à Pres. Henrike
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Empirical Ecosystem Research
A
June 28, 2006
Ecosystem Management I.à B. Burkhard
- Ecosystem Indicators à Pres. Age- Ecosystem Monitoring à Pres. Olga
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Ecosystem Monitoring
A
July 5, 2006
Ecosystem Management II.àW. Windhorst
- An Ecosystem Management Framework à Pres. Nathalie- Human-Environmental System Management à Pres. Alexandra- Case Studies à Pres. Jeanine- Ecosystem Thermodynamics à Pres. Aiko
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Ecosystem Management Principles
Workshop AnalysisàW. WindhorstB
A Road Map to a Better Application of the Ecosystem Approach
A
July 12, 2006
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Workshop Outreach
A Road Map to a Better Application of the Ecosystem Approach
à B. Burkhard, F. Müller
July 19, 2006
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Examination
Examination
A
July 19, 2006
Course 2.1.1: Basics of Ecosystem Analysis
Examination
…decide now….
Systems and Ecosystems I.à F. Müller 26.4.
- Ecosystem Definitionsà Pres. Gosia- Ecosystem Structuresà Pres. Basia- Ecosystem Functionsà Pres. NN
The UNCBD Ecosystem Approachà F. Müller 26.4.
- Basic Principles of Sustainable Developmentà Pres. Yvonne- Ecosystem Comprehension of the CBD à Pres. Alyona- State of Implementationà Pres. Alyona
Systems and Ecosystems II.à B. Burkhard 10.5.
- Ecosystem Dynamicsà Pres. Kristin- Ecosystem Successionà Pres. Anja- Disturbance and Resilienceà Pres. Kristina
The UNCBD Ecosystem Approach – Case Studiesà B. Burkhard 10.5.
- German Wadden Seaà Pres. Kirsten
Ecosystem Protection I.àW. Windhorst 18.5.- Ecosystem Health à Pres. Sarah- Ecosystem Assessment (Mill. Ass.) à Pres. Heike
The UNCBD Ecosystem Approach – Case StudiesàW. Windhorst 18.5.- Alpine Ecosystems à Pres. Hauke
Ecosystem Protection II.àW. Windhorst 24.5.- Ecosystem Integrity, the Conceptà Pres. Timo- Ecosystem Integrity, Applicationsà Pres. Timo (one short appl.)
The UNCBD Ecosystem Approach – Case StudiesàW. Windhorst 24.5.- Forest Ecosystems à Pres. Pawel
Ecosystem Theory.à F. Müller 24.5.
- Network Theoryà Pres. NN- Thermodynamics 101 à Pres. Aiko- Hierarchy Theoryà Pres. Paweł- Gradient Principles à Pres. Lech
Ecosystem Research and Ecosystem MonitoringàW. Windhorst 20.6.
- German Ecosystem Projects à Pres. Henrike- International Ecosystem Projects à Pres. Henrike
Ecosystem Management I.à B. Burkhard 28.6.
- Ecosystem Indicators à Pres. Age- Ecosystem Monitoring à Pres. Olga
Ecosystem Management II.àW. Windhorst 5.7.
- An Ecosystem Management Framework à Pres. Nathalie- Human-Environmental System Management à Pres. Alexandra- Case Studies à Pres. Jeanine- Ecosystem Thermodynamics à Pres. Aiko
…decide now or next week….
- What is the CBD? Anja, Kristin- Which are the basic ideas of the Ecosystem Approach? Yvonne, Basia, Gosia- What are the „Malawi Principles“? Henrike,Jeanine, - Which is the state-of-implementation? Alyona- Case studies (a, b, c) Pawel, Kirsten- Principles of ecosystem development (a, b, c) Olga- Ecosystem indicators Åge, Heike- Ecosystem health Sarah- Ecosystem integrity Timo- Ecosystem services Aiko, Kristina- Human-environmental interactions Alexandra, Sarah- …..- Joint page: A road map for future implementation of the approach
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