Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6 Overcoming Obstacles to Communication 6 6 Eighth Edition

Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6

Overcoming Obstacles to CommunicationOvercoming Obstacles to Communication

66

Eighth Edition

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Struggles with Sexual Harassment

Tim Boyle/Getty Images

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Communicator anxiety

Inadequate preparation

Vague instructions

Jumping to conclusions

Bypassing

Sexual harassment

Communication technology

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Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6

Are perceived as less competent

Are less likely to be offered an

interview

Make poorer impressions in interviews

Hold lower status & lower paying jobs

Experience less job satisfaction

© Jaso

n H

arr

is

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SituationalSituational -- -- anxiety caused by factors present in a specific speaking situation

TraitTrait -- -- internal anxieties an individual brings to the speaking situation

Types include . . .Types include . . .

© R

og

er

Pers

son

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Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6

Prepare and practice!

Warm up

Concentrate on meaning

Use a relaxing introduction

Use deep breathing

Use visual aids

© R

og

er

Pers

son

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Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6

Genetic endowment

Experiences

Perception of current situation

Trait AnxietyInfluenced by three factors . . .Influenced by three factors . . .

NO

VA

Develo

pm

ent

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Use positive imagery or visualization>

© A

nnie

Dow

ie

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“Creating a positive, vivid & detailed

mental image of yourself confidently

giving a successful presentation.”

© Jaso

n H

arr

is

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We act as the person we “see” ourselves to be

© R

og

er

Pers

son

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Words +

Vivid Mental Pictures +

Feelings =

ConfidenceConfidence

AP/W

ide P

hoto

s

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Use your imagination

See yourself as the speaker you want to be

Picture yourself being successful

RememberRemember: Words + vivid mental pictures + feelings = confidence

Read a positive imagery exercise (p. 162)

Use positive imagery or visualization

© A

nnie

Dow

ie

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Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6

Systematic DesensitizationAnother anxiety reduction method . . .Another anxiety reduction method . . .

© Jaso

n H

arr

is

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Cognitive RestructuringAnother anxiety reduction method . . .Another anxiety reduction method . . .

© Jaso

n H

arr

is

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Skills TrainingAnother anxiety reduction method . . .Another anxiety reduction method . . .

NO

VA

Develo

pm

ent

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Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6

Begin with overall picture

Use few words

Make words specific & easy to

understand

Number or “signpost” objects or steps

Use simple comparisons

Use repetition

Use good delivery techniques

For clear instructions, follow these rules . .For clear instructions, follow these rules . . .

“Project F” on p. 166

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Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission or rejection . . .

U.S. EECO, 2006b

--affects employment

--interferes with work performance

--creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment

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Review organizational policies

Project friendly but professional image

Confront harasser in assertive manner

Document incidents of harassment

Report incident to supervisor

Weigh consequences of further action

Suggestions for handling it . . .Suggestions for handling it . . .

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Quid pro quo

Hostile work environment

Previous definition includes two basic concepts. . .Previous definition includes two basic concepts. . .

-- -- promise of rewards (promo- tion or perks) or threat (loss of job) ----when con-ditions are “intimidating, hostile, or offensive”

Tim

Boyle

/Gett

y Im

ag

es

(Refer back to case study, p. 155)

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Employees learn the system rapidly

Social contacts are valuable

Improved quality of work life

Enhanced creativity

Communication TechnologyAdvantages to social e-mail . . .Advantages to social e-mail . . .

NO

VA

Develo

pm

ent

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It is legal for employers to inspect employee e-mail

Senders seldom proof-read for content or tone

People respond to e-mail, IM’s, & blogs even when uncertain or angry

Senders overlook the value of mirroring others’ sensory channels

Disadvantages to e-mail , IM, & Blogs . . .Disadvantages to e-mail , IM, & Blogs . . .

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Less emotion and conflict

Participation more organized

Decision-making equal to face-to-

face

Participation more equal

Less satisfying than face-to-face

Characteristics of electronic meetings . . .Characteristics of electronic meetings . . .

Jose

Luis

Pela

ez,

In

c./C

OR

BIS

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66Analyze the conversation between the Chief & Sergeant Richards (see Checkpoint 6.1). Analyze the conversation between the Chief & Sergeant Richards (see Checkpoint 6.1).

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66