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Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 11
Chapter FourChapter Four
The Fragile The Fragile Union:Union:The Resurgence The Resurgence of Regionalismof Regionalism
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 22
For years, the Canadian, Ontario, and Manitoba
governments fought over
the boundary line between Ontario and
Manitoba. This map of Canada in 1882
shows the contested area.
Source: Based on information taken from National Topographic System map sheet number MCR 2306. © 1969, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada with permission of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada.
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 33
Gabriel Dumont, military leader of the
Métis in 1885, and previously, in the
“buffalo days,” their leader in the hunt in the
South Saskatchewan River Valley.
Glenbow Archives, Calgary, Canada/NA-1177-1.
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 44
The University of Toronto’s “K”
Company, Queen’s Own Rifles, shown
immediately after their return from the
Northwest, by the doorway of University
College. A grateful University honoured its undergraduate soldiers
by exempting them from their annual examination, and
automatically giving them their academic
year.
University of Toronto Archives/A73-0093-002(39).
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 55
Military operations in the North-West
Rebellion, 1885. This map shows the routes of the three
military columns: to Batoche,
under Major General Middleton; to
Battleford, under Lieutenant
Colonel Otter; and to the
Ft. Pitt area, under Major General Strange.
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 66
Big Bear (front row, second from the left)
and Poundmaker (front row,
far right), shown at their trials, 1885. Father
André (back row, second from the right) spent the night before
Riel’s execution in prayer
with him. He walked with
him to the scaffold.
Glenbow Archives, Calgary, Canada/NA-3205-11.
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 77
Louis Riel’s address to the jury during his
trial at Regina, late July 1885.
Glenbow Archives, Calgary, Canada/NA-1081-3.
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 88
Honoré Jaxon, sitting by his
Library, which is about to be
transported to the New York
City dump, December 12,
1951
New York Daily News.
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 99
Immediately after Riel’s execution on November
16, 1885, French Canadians rose in protest
against the federal government. In Montreal, demonstrators burned Sir John Macdonald in effigy at the base of the statue
of Queen Victoria in Victoria Square.
From Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, November 28, 1885. Saskatchewan Archives Board/R-D1776.
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 1010
A photo of the first inter-provincial
conference, called by Honoré
Mercier in 1887, to challenge
the authority of the federal government. The Quebec premier
appears seated second from the left.
Ontario’s Oliver Mowat,
the “Father of Provincial Rights,” is
seated in the centre. W.S. Fielding,
who tried during his premiership to take
NovaScotia out of Confederation, is
beside Mowat on the right.National Archives of Canada/C-11583.
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 1111
Main Street and City Hall Square in
Winnipeg, about 1897. View looking southward toward Portage and Main.
The Winnipeg monument to the
Canadians who fought in 1885 appears on the
extreme left.
Provincial Archives of Manitoba/Simons Marguerite 5 (N10911).
Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 1212
Interior of a school near Vulcan, Alberta,
at the turn of the century. Teachers
insisted that children from non–English-
speaking countries speak English in the classroom. Legally,
even French-Canadian students were obliged
to do so in Alberta after their first two
years of elementary school as a result of
ordinances passed by the territorial
government in the early1890s.
Glenbow Archives, Calgary, Canada/NA-748-41.
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