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c l
Co mmon L is p Quic k Re fe re nc e Revi sio n 132 [2 01 1-1 0-2 3]
Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Bert Burgemeister
LATEX source: http://clqr.boundp.org
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-
Cover Texts and no Back-Cover Texts. http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
Quick Reference
clCommon
lispBert Burgemeister
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Common Lisp Quick Reference
Contents
1 Numbers 3
1.1 Predicates . . . . 31.2 Numeric Functns . 31.3 Logic Functions . 41.4 Integer Functions . 51.5 Implementation-
Dependent . . . . 6
2 Characters 63 Strings 7
4 Conses 8
4.1 Predicates . . . . 84.2 Lists . . . . . . 84.3 Association Lists . 94.4 Trees . . . . . . 104.5 Sets . . . . . . 10
5 Arrays 10
5.1 Predicates . . . . 105.2 Array Functions . 105.3 Vector Functions . 11
6 Sequences 12
6.1 Seq. Predicates . . 12
6.2 Seq. Functions . . 12
7 Hash Tables 14
8 Structures 15
9 Control Structure 15
9.1 Predicates . . . . 159.2 Variables . . . . 169.3 Functions . . . . 169.4 Macros . . . . . 18
9.5 Control Flow . . . 199.6 Iteration . . . . 209.7 Loop Facility . . . 21
10 CLOS 23
10.1 Classes . . . . . 2310.2 Generic Functns . 2510.3 Method Combi-
nation Types . . . 2611 Conditions and Errors 27
12 Types and Classes 29
13 Input/Output 31
13.1 Predicates . . . . 3113.2 Reader . . . . . 3113.3 Character Syntax . 3313.4 Printer . . . . . 3413.5 Format . . . . . 3613.6 Streams . . . . . 3813.7 Paths and Files . . 40
14 Packages and Symbols 41
14.1 Predicates . . . . 41
14.2 Packages . . . . 4114.3 Symbols . . . . . 4314.4 Std Packages . . 43
15 Compiler 43
15.1 Predicates . . . . 4315.2 Compilation . . . 4315.3 REPL & Debug . 4515.4 Declarations . . . 46
16 External Environment 46
Typographic Conventions name;
Funame;
Mname;
sOname;
gFname;
var∗name∗;
coname
⊲ Symbol defined in Common Lisp; esp. function, macro,special operator, generic function, variable, constant.
them ⊲ Placeholder for actual code.
me ⊲ Literal text.
[ foo bar ] ⊲ Either one foo or nothing; defaults to bar.
foo∗; { foo}∗ ⊲ Zero or more foos.
foo+; { foo}+ ⊲ One or more foos.
foos ⊲ English plural denotes a list argument.
{ foo bar baz }; foo
bar
baz
⊲ Either foo, or bar , or baz .
foo
bar
baz
⊲ Anything from none to each of foo, bar , and baz .
foo ⊲ Argument foo is not evaluated.
bar ⊲ Argument bar is possibly modified.
fooP∗ ⊲ foo∗ is evaluated as in
sOprogn; see p. 19.
foo;2bar ;
n
baz ⊲ Primary, secondary, and n th return value.
T; NIL ⊲ t, or truth in general; and nil or ().
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Common Lisp Quick Reference
1.5 Implementation-Dependent co
short-floatco
single-floatco
double-floatco
long-float
-
epsilonnegative-epsilon
⊲ Smallest possible number making a difference whenadded or subtracted, respectively.
coleast-negative
coleast-negative-normalized
co
least-positivecoleast-positive-normalized
-
short-floatsingle-float
double-floatlong-float
⊲ Available numbers closest to −0 or +0, respectively.
comost-negative
comost-positive
-
short-floatsingle-floatdouble-floatlong-floatfixnum
⊲ Available numbers closest to −∞ or +∞, respectively.
(Fu
decode-float n )(
Fuinteger-decode-float n )
⊲ Return significand,2exponent, and
3sign of float n .
(Fu
scale-float n [i ]) ⊲ With n ’s radix b, return nbi.
(Fu
float-radix n )(
Fufloat-digits n )
(Fu
float-precision n )⊲ Radix, number of digits in that radix, or precision in thatradix, respectively, of float n .
(Fu
upgraded-complex-part-type foo [environment NIL ])⊲ Type of most specialized complex number able to holdparts of type foo.
2 Characters
The standard-char type comprises a-z, A-Z, 0-9, Newline, Space, and!?$"’‘.:,;*+-/|\
~^<=>#%@&()[]
{}.
(Fu
characterp foo)(
Fustandard-char-p char )
⊲ T if argument is of indicated type.
(Fu
graphic-char-p character )(
Fualpha-char-p character )
(Fu
alphanumericp character )⊲ T if character is visible, alphabetic, or alphanumeric, re-spectively.
(Fu
upper-case-p character )(
Fulower-case-p character )
(Fu
both-case-p character )⊲ Return T if character is uppercase, lowercase, or able tobe in another case, respectively.
(Fu
digit-char-p character [radix 10 ])⊲ Return its weight if character is a digit, or NIL otherwise.
(Fu
char= character +)(
Fuchar/= character +)
⊲ Return T if all character s, or none, respectively, are equal.
(Fu
char-equal character +)(
Fuchar-not-equal character +)
⊲ Return T if all character s, or none, respectively, are equalignoring case.
(Fu
char> character +)(
Fuchar>= character +)
(Fu
char< character +)(
Fuchar<= character +)
⊲ Return T if character s are monotonically decreasing,monotonically non-increasing, monotonically increasing, ormonotonically non-decreasing, respectively.
6
Common Lisp Quick Reference
Index ” 33’ 33( 33() 43) 33∗ 3, 30, 31, 40, 45∗∗ 40, 45∗∗∗ 45∗BREAK-
ON-SIGNALS∗ 29∗COMPILE-FILE-
PATHNAME∗ 44∗COMPILE-FILE-
TRUENAME∗ 44∗COMPILE-PRINT∗ 44∗COMPILE-
VERBOSE∗ 44∗DEBUG-IO∗ 39∗DEBUGGER-HOOK∗
29∗DEFAULT-
PATHNAME-DEFAULTS∗ 40
∗ERROR-OUTPUT∗ 39∗FEATURES∗ 33∗GENSYM-
COUNTER∗ 43∗LOAD-PATHNAME∗
44∗LOAD-PRINT∗ 44∗LOAD-TRUENAME∗
44∗LOAD-VERBOSE∗ 44∗MACROEXPAND-
HOOK∗ 45∗MODULES∗ 42∗PACKAGE∗ 42∗PRINT-ARRAY∗ 35
∗PRINT-BASE∗ 35∗PRINT-CASE∗ 35∗PRINT-CIRCLE∗ 35∗PRINT-ESCAPE∗ 35∗PRINT-GENSYM∗ 35∗PRINT-LENGTH∗ 35∗PRINT-LEVEL∗ 35∗PRINT-LINES∗ 35∗PRINT-
MISER-WIDTH∗ 35∗PRINT-PPRINT-
DISPATCH∗ 36∗PRINT-PRETTY∗ 35∗PRINT-RADIX∗ 35∗PRINT-READABLY∗
35∗PRINT-RIGHT-
MARGIN∗ 35∗QUERY-IO∗ 39∗RANDOM-STATE∗ 4∗READ-BASE∗ 32∗READ-DEFAULT-
FLOAT-FORMAT∗32
∗READ-EVAL
∗33∗READ-SUPPRESS∗32
∗READTABLE∗ 32∗STANDARD-INPUT∗
39∗STANDARD-
OUTPUT∗ 39∗TERMINAL-IO∗ 39∗TRACE-OUTPUT∗ 45+ 3, 26, 45++ 45+++ 45, 33,. 33,@ 33– 3, 45. 33/ 3, 33, 45// 45/// 45/= 3: 41:: 41:ALLOW-
OTHER-KEYS 19
; 33< 3<= 3= 3, 21> 3>= 3\ 33# 38#\ 33#’ 33#( 33#∗ 33#+ 33#– 33#. 33#: 33#< 33#= 33#A 33#B 33#C( 33#O 33#P 33#R 33
#S( 33#X 33## 33#| | # 33
&ALLOW-OTHER-KEYS 19
&AUX 19&BODY 19&ENVIRONMENT 19&KEY 19&OPTIONAL 19&REST 19&WHOLE 19∼( ∼) 37∼∗ 37∼/ / 38∼< ∼:> 37
∼< ∼> 37∼? 38∼A 36∼B 36∼C 36∼D 36∼E 36∼F 36∼G 36∼I 37∼O 36∼P 37∼R 36∼S 36∼T 37∼W 38∼X 36∼[ ∼] 37∼$ 36∼% 37∼& 37∼ˆ 37∼ 37∼| 37∼{ ∼} 37
∼∼ 37∼←֓ 37` 33| | 331+ 31– 3
ABORT 28ABOVE 21ABS 4ACONS 9ACOS 3ACOSH 4ACROSS 21ADD-METHOD 25ADJOIN 9ADJUST-ARRAY 10ADJUSTABLE-
ARRAY-P 10ALLOCATE-INSTANCE
24ALPHA-CHAR-P 6ALPHANUMERICP 6ALWAYS 23
AND19, 21, 23, 26, 31, 33APPEND 9, 23, 26APPENDING 23APPLY 17APROPOS 45APROPOS-LIST 45AREF 10ARITHMETIC-ERROR
30ARITHMETIC-ERROR-
OPERANDS 29ARITHMETIC-ERROR-
OPERATION 29ARRAY 30ARRAY-DIMENSION 11ARRAY-DIMENSION-
LIMIT 11ARRAY-DIMENSIONS
11ARRAY-
DISPLACEMENT 11ARRAY-
ELEMENT-TYPE 29ARRAY-HAS-
FILL-POINTER-P 10ARRAY-IN-BOUNDS-P
10ARRAY-RANK 11ARRAY-RANK-LIMIT
11ARRAY-ROW-
MAJOR-INDEX 11ARRAY-TOTAL-SIZE
11ARRAY-TOTAL-
SIZE-LIMIT 11ARRAYP 10AS 21ASH 5ASIN 3ASINH 4ASSERT 28ASSOC 9ASSOC-IF 9ASSOC-IF-NOT 9ATAN 3ATANH 4ATOM 8, 30
BASE-CHAR 30BASE-STRING 30BEING 21
BELOW 21BIGNUM 30BIT 11, 30BIT-AND 11BIT-ANDC1 11BIT-ANDC2 11BIT-EQV 11BIT-IOR 11BIT-NAND 11BIT-NOR 11BIT-NOT 11BIT-ORC1 11BIT-ORC2 11
BIT-VECTOR 30BIT-VECTOR-P 10BIT-XOR 11BLOCK 20BOOLE 4BOOLE-1 4BOOLE-2 4BOOLE-AND 5BOOLE-ANDC1 5BOOLE-ANDC2 5BOOLE-C1 4BOOLE-C2 4BOOLE-CLR 4BOOLE-EQV 5BOOLE-IOR 5BOOLE-NAND 5BOOLE-NOR 5BOOLE-ORC1 5BOOLE-ORC2 5BOOLE-SET 4BOOLE-XOR 5BOOLEAN 30BOTH-CASE-P 6BOUNDP 15BREAK 45
BROADCAST-STREAM 30
BROADCAST-STREAM-STREAMS38
BUILT-IN-CLASS 30BUTLAST 9BY 21BYTE 5BYTE-POSITION 5BYTE-SIZE 5
CAAR 8CADR 8CALL-ARGUMENTS-
LIMIT 17CALL-METHOD 27CALL-NEXT-METHOD
26CAR 8CASE 19CATCH 20CCASE 19CDAR 8
CDDR 8CDR 8CEILING 4CELL-ERROR 30CELL-ERROR-NAME
29CERROR 27CHANGE-CLASS 24CHAR 8CHAR-CODE 7CHAR-CODE-LIMIT 7CHAR-DOWNCASE 7CHAR-EQUAL 6CHAR-GREATERP 7CHAR-INT 7CHAR-LESSP 7CHAR-NAME 7CHAR-NOT-EQUAL 6CHAR-
NOT-GREATERP 7CHAR-NOT-LESSP 7CHAR-UPCASE 7CHAR/= 6CHAR< 6CHAR<= 6CHAR= 6CHAR> 6CHAR>= 6CHARACTER 7, 30, 33CHARACTERP 6CHECK-TYPE 29CIS 4CL 43CL-USER 43CLASS 30CLASS-NAME 24CLASS-OF 24CLEAR-INPUT 39CLEAR-OUTPUT 39CLOSE 39CLQR 1CLRHASH 14CODE-CHAR 7COERCE 29COLLECT 23COLLECTING 23COMMON-LISP 43COMMON-LISP-USER
43
COMPILATION-SPEED46COMPILE 43COMPILE-FILE 44
COMPILE-FILE-PATHNAME 44
COMPILED-FUNCTION 30
COMPILED-FUNCTION-P 43
COMPILER-MACRO 43COMPILER-MACRO-
FUNCTION 44COMPLEMENT 17COMPLEX 4, 30, 33COMPLEXP 3COMPUTE-
APPLICABLE-METHODS 25
COMPUTE-RESTARTS28
CONCATENATE 12CONCATENATED-
STREAM 30CONCATENATED-
STREAM-STREAMS38
COND 19CONDITION 30CONJUGATE 4CONS 8, 30CONSP 8CONSTANTLY 17CONSTANTP 15CONTINUE 28CONTROL-ERROR 30COPY-ALIST 9COPY-LIST 9COPY-PPRINT-
DISPATCH 36COPY-READTABLE 32COPY-SEQ 14
COPY-STRUCTURE 15COPY-SYMBOL 43COPY-TREE 10COS 3COSH 3COUNT 12, 23COUNT-IF 12COUNT-IF-NOT 12COUNTING 23CTYPECASE 29
DEBUG 46DECF 3DECLAIM 46DECLARATION 46DECLARE 46DECODE-FLOAT 6DECODE-UNIVERSAL-
TIME 46DEFCLASS 23DEFCONSTANT 16DEFGENERIC 25DEFINE-COMPILER-
MACRO 18DEFINE-CONDITION
27DEFINE-METHOD-
COMBINATION 26DEFINE-MODIFY-
MACRO 19DEFINE-SETF-
EXPANDER 18DEFINE-SYMBOL-
MACRO 18DEFMACRO 18DEFMETHOD 25DEFPACKAGE 41DEFPARAMETER 16DEFSETF 18DEFSTRUCT 15DEFTYPE 31DEFUN 17DEFVAR 16DELETE 13DELETE-DUPLICATES
13DELETE-FILE 41DELETE-IF 13
DELETE-IF-NOT 13DELETE-PACKAGE 42DENOMINATOR 4DEPOSIT-FIELD 5DESCRIBE 45DESCRIBE-OBJECT 45DESTRUCTURING-
BIND 20DIGIT-CHAR 7DIGIT-CHAR-P 6DIRECTORY 41DIRECTORY-
NAMESTRING 40DISASSEMBLE 45DIVISION-BY-ZERO 30DO 20, 23DO-ALL-SYMBOLS 42DO-EXTERNAL-
SYMBOLS 42DO-SYMBOLS 42DO∗ 20DOCUMENTATION 43DOING 23DOLIST 21
DOTIMES 21DOUBLE-FLOAT 30, 33DOUBLE-
FLOAT-EPSILON 6
47
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Common Lisp Quick Reference
T
a t o m
r e a d t a b l e
p a c k a g e
s y m b o l
k e y w o r d
b o o l e a n
r e s t a r t
r a n d o m - s t a t e
h a s h - t a b l e
s t r u c t u r e - o b j e c t
s t a n d a r d - o b j e c t
n u l l
c l a s s
b u i l t - i n - c l a s s
s t a n d a r d - c l a s s
s t r u c t u r e - c l a s s
m e t h o d
s t a n d a r d - m e t h o d
m e t h o d - c o m b i n a t i o n
c h a r a c t e r
f u n c t i o n
a r g - t y p e s [ v a l u e - t y p e s ]
c o m p i l e d - f u n c t i o n
g e n e r i c - f u n c t i o n
s t a n d a r d - g e n e r i c - f u n c t i o n
p a t h n a m e
l o g i c a l - p a t h n a m e
n u m b e r
c o m p l e x [ t y p e ∗
]
r e a l l o w e r - l i m i t ∗
[ u p p e r - l i m i t ∗
]
fl o a t l o w e r -
l i m i t ∗
[ u p p e r - l i m i t ∗
]
s h o r t - fl o a t l o w e r - l i m i t ∗
[ u p p e r - l i m i t ∗
]
s i n g l e - fl o a t l o w e r - l i m i t ∗
[ u p p e r - l i m i t ∗
]
d o u b l e - fl o a t l o w e r - l i m i t ∗
[ u p p e r - l i m i t ∗
]
l o n g - fl o a t l o w e r - l i m i t ∗
[ u p p e r - l i m i t ∗
]
r a t i o n a l l o w e r - l i m i t ∗
[ u p p e r - l i m i t ∗
]
i n t e g e r
l o w e r - l i m i t ∗
[ u p p e r - l i m i t ∗
]
r a t i o
s i g n e d - b y t e [ s i z e ∗
]
fi x n u m
b i g n u m
u n s i g n e d - b y t e [ s i z e ∗
]
b i t
l i s t
s e q u e n c e
c o n s
c a r - t y p e ∗
[ c d r - t y p e ∗
]
a r r a y
t y p e ∗
[ r a n k ∗
( d i m e n s i o n ∗
) ]
s i m p l e - a r r a y
t y p e ∗
[ r a n k ∗
( d i m e n s i o n ∗
) ]
v e c t o r
t y p e ∗
[ s i z e ∗
]
s t r i n g [ s i z e ∗
]
s i m p l e - s t r i n g [ s i z e ∗
]
b a s e - s t r i n g [ s i z e ∗
]
s i m p l e - b a s e - s t r i n g [ s i z e ∗
]
s i m p l e - v e c t o r [ s i z e ∗
]
b i t - v e c t o r [ s i z e ∗
]
s i m p l e - b i t - v e c t o r [ s i z e ∗
]
s t r e a m
fi l e - s t r e a m
t w o - w a y - s t r e a m
s y n o n y m
- s t r e a m
s t r i n g - s t r e a m
b r o a d c a s t - s t r e a m
c o n c a t e n a t e d - s t r e a m
e c h o - s t r e a m
e x t e n d e d - c h a r
b a s e - c h a r
s t a n d a r d - c h a r
c o n d i t i o n
s e r i o u s - c o n d i t i o n
s t o r a g e - c o n d i t i o n
s i m p l e - t y p e - e r r o r
t y p e - e r r o r
e r r o r p
r o g r a m - e r r o
r
c o n t r o l - e r r o r
p a c k a g e - e r r o r
p r i n t - n o t - r e a d a b l e
s t r e a m - e r r o r
p a r s e - e r r o r
c e l l - e r r o r
fi l e - e r r o r
a r i t h m e t i c - e r r o r
s i m p l e - c o n d i t i o n
w a r n i n g
s t y l e - w a r n i n g
s i m p l e - e r r o r
s i m p l e - w a r n i n g
e n d - o f - fi l e
r e a d e r - e r r o r
u n b o u n d - v a r i a b l e
u n d e fi n e d - f u n c t i o n
u n b o u n d - s l o t
d i v i s i o n - b y - z e r o
fl o a t i n g - p o i
n t - i n e x a c t
fl o a t i n g - p o i
n t - o v e r fl o w
fl o a t i n g - p o i
n t - u n d e r fl o w
fl o a t i n g - p o i
n t - i n v a l i d - o p e r a t i o n
Figure 2: Precedence Order of System Classes ( ), Classes ( ),Types ( ), and Condition Types ( ).
30
Common Lisp Quick Reference
{do doing} form +
⊲ Evaluate form s in every iteration.
{if when unless} test i-clause {and j-clause}∗ [elsek-clause {and l-clause}∗] [end]⊲ If test returns T, T, or NIL, respectively, evaluatei-clause and j-clauses; otherwise, evaluate k-clause andl-clauses.
it ⊲ Inside i-clause or k-clause: value of test .
return { form it}⊲ Return immediately, skipping any finally parts, withvalues of form or it.
{collect collecting} { form it} [into list ]⊲ Collect values of form or it into list . If no list isgiven, collect into an anonymous list which is returnedafter termination.
{append appending nconc nconcing} { form it} [into list ]⊲ Concatenate values of form or it, which should belists, into list by the means of
Fuappend or
Funconc, respec-
tively. If no list is given, collect into an anonymous listwhich is returned after termination.
{count counting} { form it} [into n ] [type]⊲ Count the number of times the value of form or of it
is T. If no n is given, count into an anonymous variablewhich is returned after termination.
{sum summing} { form it} [into sum ] [type ]⊲ Calculate the sum of the primary values of form or of it. If no sum is given, sum into an anonymous variablewhich is returned after termination.
{maximize maximizing minimize minimizing} { form it} [intomax-min ] [type]⊲ Determine the maximum or minimum, respectively,of the primary values of form or of it. If no max-min
is given, use an anonymous variable which is returnedafter termination.
{initially finally} form +
⊲ Evaluate form s before begin, or after end, respec-
tively, of iterations.repeat num
⊲ TerminateM
loop after num iterations; num is evalu-ated once.
{while until} test
⊲ Continue iteration until test returns NIL or T, respec-tively.
{always never} test
⊲ TerminateM
loop returning NIL and skipping any finallyparts as soon as test is NIL or T, respectively. Otherwisecontinue
Mloop with its default return value set to T.
thereis test
⊲ TerminateM
loop when test is T and return value of test ,skipping any finally parts. Otherwise continue
Mloop with
its default return value set to NIL.
(M
loop-finish)⊲ Terminate
Mloop immediately executing any finally
clauses and returning any accumulated results.
10 CLOS
10.1 Classes
(Fu
slot-exists-p foo bar ) ⊲ T if foo has a slot bar .
(Fu
slot-boundp instance slot ) ⊲ T if slot in instance is bound.
(M
defclass foo (superclass∗ standard-object )
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