Class 6 CHE 333

Phase Diagrams Continued

Prov08

Copper Zinc Phase Diagram

Peritectic reaction Liquid + solid 1 -> solid 2. Eutectoid reaction Solid 1 -> solid 2 + solid 3Maximum solid solubilty of zinc in copper is 38% at around 450C

Substitutional Solid SolubiltyHow much one element will dissolve in another is determined by the Hume Rothery rules

1. Atomic radii should be within 15% of each other

2 Crystal structure should be the same for each element for good solubility

3 Electronegativities should be similar.

4 The valences of the atoms should be similar.

Good solubility Cu –Ni, Cu-Au; Cu r=0.128A, Ni r=0.125, Au r=0.144Crystal structure Ti- HCP, Al - FCCPoor soluility Na-Cl Na electronegativity 0.9, Cl 3.0Valences – Zn 2+, Cu 1+Only indicate solubility from these rules.

DOES NOT APPLY TO THE ELEMENTS H,C,O,N,B THESE FORM INTERSTITIALSOLID SOLUTIONS.

Iron Carbon Phase Diagram

SteelsEutectoidS1 -> S2 + S3-> + F e3C

PeritecticS1+L -> S2 + L ->

Fe3C- cementiteA compound

3367 SUBLIMES

Fe - then then C 1394C

Stainless Steel Phase Diagram

Ternary phase diagram for stainless steels. In this case an isothermal section at a constanttemperature is used.

Lever Arm Rule

Determine the AMOUNTS of each phase use the Inverse Lever Arm Rule.Amount of solid = wa-wl/ws-wl

Amount of liquid = ws-wa/ws-wl

Amount of solid at 1300C is therefore 53-45 / 58-45 = 8/13 = 0.615= 61.5%

Amount of liquid at 1300C is therefore 58-53 / 58-45 = 5/13 = 0.385 = 38.5%

Change Average Composition 50%

Determine the AMOUNTS of each phase use the Inverse Lever Arm Rule.Amount of solid = wa-wl/ws-wlAmount of liquid = ws-wa/ws-wl

Amount of solid at 1300C is therefore 50-45 / 58-45 = 5/13 = 0.385= 38.5%

Amount of liquid at 1300C is therefore 58-50 / 58-45 = 8/13 = 0.615 = 61.5%

Microstructures and Composition

Lead Tin Microstructures90 %Pb 10%Sn

70% Pb 30%Sn

38.1%Pb 61.9% Sn

50%Pb 50%Sn

Lead Tin Microstructures15%Pb 85%Sn

Equiaxed Single Phase Grain Structure

Homework

• Using the Cu-Ni phase diagram, for a 50-50 Cu-Ni what are the compositions of the phases at 1400, 1300 and 1200 C and what phases would be present.

• Using the Pb- Sn phase diagram,what are the compositions for points “a,c and e” on the diagram?

Class 6 CHE 333

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CHE 333 Class 14 True Stress True Strain Crystalline Processes During Deformation

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CHE 333 CLASS 21 DIFFUSION. Diffusion – is the movement of matter driven by chemical and thermal processes such as concentration gradients and heating

CHE 333 Class 10 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL. What and Why Heat Treat? HEAT TREATMENT is THERMAL PROCESSING to OPTIMISE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. By heat treatment

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ChE 333 Chemical Engineering Laboratory I