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China During the Tang & Song Dynasties. China under Tang dynasty, 700. China under Song dynasty, 1142. I. Beyond Ancient China. 220 – Han dynasty collapses For 350 years afterwards, more than 30 dynasties attempt rule - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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China During the Tang & Song Dynasties
China under Tang dynasty, 700 China under Song dynasty, 1142
I. Beyond Ancient China
220 – Han dynasty collapses For 350 years afterwards, more than 30 dynasties attempt
rule589 – Emperor Wendi reunites China, beginning the short-
lived Sui dynasty Restored strong centralized government Won critical support of neighboring nomadic military
commanders Lowered taxes, built granaries to ensure a reserve food supply Son, Yangdi, assumes throne in 604
Focused on Confucian-based education system, brought back examination system for incoming bureaucrats
Construction of Grand Canal – increased trade/economy Led a life of extravagance, assassinated in 618
CHALLENGE
QUESTION!
II. Tang Dynasty (618-907)
China was saved from political and social turmoil by Li Yuan and son, Tang Taizong Founded the Tang dynasty Reconquered northern and western lands lost after fall of
Han, expanded deep into central AsiaRestoration/expansion of bureaucracy
Expanded civil service exam – established Ministry of Rites to oversee training of bureaucrats
Open to all men, but only wealthy could typically afford the necessary education
Education/position in gov’t became more important than nobility Scholar-gentry class became more dominant and powerful
than old aristocratic families
II. Continued…
• Empress Wu • First and only woman to assume the title of Emperor in
China• Began by ruling behind the scenes of her husband and sons• Used harsh tactics, secret police to put down opposition • Promoted Buddhism throughout empire
• Thought Buddhism would bring legitimacy to reign • After Wu, severe backlash against Buddhism by Confucian and
Daoist scholars
• Decline of Tang dynasty– Had trouble controlling vast empire– Nomadic invasions, economic distress, internal rebellions– Last emperor of Tang dynasty forced to resign in 907
III. Song Dynasty (960-1279)
China once again divided after Tang dynastyEmperor Taizu (Zhoa Kuangyin) reunited much of
China, proclaimed himself first Song emperorSmaller empire than Tang, no control over western
lands, lost northern lands Nomadic peoples of north a constant problem Eventually pushed south of Huanghe (Yellow River)
Continued focus on Confucianism Neo-Confucians – argued that virtue was obtained
through learning Despised foreign philosophical systems, such as Buddhism Social harmony arose from keeping place and rank, strictly
patriarchal
III. Continued…
Slow decline Northern nomadic invaders and lack of military focus
began to take its toll 11th century, imperial advisor Wang Anshi brought
sweeping reforms in an attempt to keep dynasty from collapsing Issued cheap loans and irrigations projects to
encourage agricultural expansion Taxed landowners and scholar-gentry class
Used money to build-up military Late 11th century, neo-Confucians gained power in gov’t,
reversed Anshi’s reformsCHALLENG
E QUESTION!
III. Continued…
Slow decline continued… Economy began to deteriorate, social unrest
increased Territory pushed south by northern kingdoms,
became known as Southern Song dynasty Lasted another 150 years, but eventually fell to
the Mongols
IV. Advances in Technology & Knowledge
• During Tang & Song era, many innovations and advancements occurred• Junks – large Chinese ships, used for trade, establishing
tribute systems • Movable type – movable, carved blocks could be arranged
for printing• Gun powder – originally for fireworks, led to bombs,
canons, etc.• Improved cultivation of rice and other agricultural
improvements lead to population growth
• Trade takes a more prominent role in society– Silk Roads, later ocean routes increase trade/contact– Paper money (flying money) reduced risk for merchants – Helped economy and spread of culture
V. Big Social Changes
• China becomes more urban– Ten cities with over 1 million people
• Changes to social classes– Scholar-gentry – larger upper-class emerges
• Passing civil service exam ensured special social status (jinshi)• Could wear certain clothing, exempt from corporal punishment
• Family name still greatly influenced positions and success– “Middle class” – merchants, skilled artisans, minor officials– Peasant farmers still represented largest class
• Status of women declined– Neo-Confucians pushed for male dominance of family and
society– Feet binding – became sign of wealth, prestige
CHALLENGE QUESTION #1
Discuss the importance of Emperor Wendi’s accomplishments. Why was each one key to unifying China once again?
3-4 complete sentences
BACK
CHALLENGE QUESTION #2
Why do you think the Neo-Confucians actively opposed Anshi’s reforms? What historical context can you apply to your reasoning?
3-4 complete sentences
BACK
Exit Ticket
1. What did the Sui dynasty do that helped bring China back to prominence?
2. What role did the Neo-Confucians play in society?
3. What innovations took place during the Tang & Song era?
4. Describe and explain at least one social change from the Tang & Song era.
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