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Chemistry
ChemistryBuilding Science Champions
Properties of MatterHard or softRough or smoothRound or squareHot or coldAble to catch fireAny color or no color Each specific substance has its own combination of properties that can be used to identify the substance. ElementsElement- a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. Elements are the building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of elements. Each element is made up of tiny particles called ATOMS. Each element has its own Symbol. The first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is lower case. ***Some elements only have 1 letter.
Elements Elements symbols are based off their Latin roots.
CompoundsCompound is a substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio.
A formula shows the ratio of elements in the compound. H20CO2 The subscript refers to how many elements of the letter before the subscript. 2 hydrogen in H20 and 2 Oxygen in CO2MixtureMixture is made from 2 or more substances elements, compounds or both that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined into a new substance. Mixture vs. CompoundMixtureSubstances keep their individual properties. The parts of a mixture do not have to be in exact ratios.Salt water CompoundSubstances combined to form new properties. Elements in a compound have to be exact. H20Change in MatterPhysical ChangeA physical change alters the form or appearance of material but does not make the material a new substance.Example new color or shape. Matter has 3 principle states: Solid, Liquid and Gas. Chemical ChangeChemical change or chemical reactions produce new substances. Same elements as original substance but rearranged into a new combination.
Atoms + MoleculesAtomsAtoms are usually linked with one or more atoms. The force that holds atoms together is called a chemical bond. MoleculeA combination of two or more atoms that are bonded together is called a molecule. Molecules can be made of the same type of atom or different types. Periodic Table of ElementsElements from EarthThere are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth. How is there roughly 117 elements on the Periodic Table of Elements if only 92 are natural?How and who makes them?
Review Matter has many properties. There are 92 elements found in nature. Each is represented by a symbol. An atom is the smallest part of an element.A compound is made when 2 or more elements combined with one another. A mixture is made of 2 or more substances. Matter can be changed 2 ways either physical or chemical. States of MatterSolid ice cube
Liquid water
Gas Steam
Solid Solid- has definite volume and definite shape. A desk in the classroom has definite volume and shape.
The particles in a solid are packed tightly together and stay in fixed positions.
000000000000000000000Solids continued Crystalline Solid solids that are made of crystals ie. Salt, snow, sandMelting Point the temperature at which crystalline solids melt. Amorphous Solids solids not arranged in a particular pattern ie. Rubber, wood, plastic Liquid Liquid has no shape, takes the shape of a container. Liquids easily flow. Water pouring out of a water bottle. Viscosity the resistance of a liquid to flow. Water pouring out a water bottle has little or low viscosity. Honey poring out of a jar has a lot of viscosity or high viscosity. Flows slowly
Liquids Continued The particles in a liquid are easily moved and flow about the container freely.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0Gas Gas - can change volume easily. Takes on the shape of a container. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gas particles fill the area that is available to them. Gas particles spread apart very easily. 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0Review There 3 states of matter solid, liquid and gas. In each state the particles are arranged differently. Each state has unique properties.
The Periodic Table of the Etements
Lanthani
Actini
13 14 15 16 17
aJ t230
ZnZinc
48CdCadmium
80
mfi112
UubUnunbium
1129
CuCopper
47
*p79
AuGold
111Uuu
I26
Feton
44[.u
76Os0nium
108
HsHlstum
523
VVenadium
41NbNiobiun
73Ta
Tanlalum
105Db0ubnium
-7rlr" It!s!carotllr'llrrnnnriurl
fio'llvu Ituqsjf lor'llNoll.*retiumj
a-6t)lrmlLrssjaJoi-)luallugaryl
amlr'lt:ryJf-loollFmltEqsj
46fllHoltrusjagnrlE'llggl,El
66Dy
98Cf
a 6s-)lro IG!!dfsAlnttttttgj
f_ 641lcal@elf 96)lc*lLc,'!U
am-)lE,, IIturopium I
|-Ts-lla*lturyl
- 621ls-llslqsjf--e4)lP,, Itutssj
f61lp*@if-s3M
f*60-llxaltuurrelf- sttlullgryU
1 Alkali Metals2 Alkaline Earth Metals3 - 12 Transition Metals13-16 BCNO Groups17 Halogens18 Noble Gases
24
BeBayllium
12
Vte20
CaCalciunr
38Sr
Slmntium
56BaBaium
88RaRadium
I'il
lt iili: r
Hydmgeil
3Li
Lilhium
11
NaSdium
19K
37Rb
Bubidium
55CsCesium
87Fr
Francium
viNl
t'lilmgen
toj
1( ))!*?0xySen
13AI
Afuminum
n7/
GllChlodne
34Se
Selefliiln
51
SbAntimony
84Po
hlonium
927
CoCohll
45RhHhodium
77Ir
Itidium
109Mt
624
CrChromiunr
42Mo
74W
Tungstur
106Sg
21Sc
Scandium
aalrillnmi* I
IAElgsj17lHrlI Hrrnirr If-l041lrul[n.,m'ri*l
39Y
Yttium
57Lamlh*rrn
89AcActinium
ides
ides
q 58CeCe{un
90Ththorium7
59Pr
91
Pa
Solid'All 0thers($ars" L{, ftNtcu iN], [0, ,:i [\|e,Oilu Arn Kr, ](e,, {RnLiquid - Br, Hg
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