Chemistry

ChemistryBuilding Science Champions

Properties of MatterHard or softRough or smoothRound or squareHot or coldAble to catch fireAny color or no color Each specific substance has its own combination of properties that can be used to identify the substance. ElementsElement- a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. Elements are the building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of elements. Each element is made up of tiny particles called ATOMS. Each element has its own Symbol. The first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is lower case. ***Some elements only have 1 letter.

Elements Elements symbols are based off their Latin roots.

CompoundsCompound is a substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio.

A formula shows the ratio of elements in the compound. H20CO2 The subscript refers to how many elements of the letter before the subscript. 2 hydrogen in H20 and 2 Oxygen in CO2MixtureMixture is made from 2 or more substances elements, compounds or both that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined into a new substance. Mixture vs. CompoundMixtureSubstances keep their individual properties. The parts of a mixture do not have to be in exact ratios.Salt water CompoundSubstances combined to form new properties. Elements in a compound have to be exact. H20Change in MatterPhysical ChangeA physical change alters the form or appearance of material but does not make the material a new substance.Example new color or shape. Matter has 3 principle states: Solid, Liquid and Gas. Chemical ChangeChemical change or chemical reactions produce new substances. Same elements as original substance but rearranged into a new combination.

Atoms + MoleculesAtomsAtoms are usually linked with one or more atoms. The force that holds atoms together is called a chemical bond. MoleculeA combination of two or more atoms that are bonded together is called a molecule. Molecules can be made of the same type of atom or different types. Periodic Table of ElementsElements from EarthThere are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth. How is there roughly 117 elements on the Periodic Table of Elements if only 92 are natural?How and who makes them?

Review Matter has many properties. There are 92 elements found in nature. Each is represented by a symbol. An atom is the smallest part of an element.A compound is made when 2 or more elements combined with one another. A mixture is made of 2 or more substances. Matter can be changed 2 ways either physical or chemical. States of MatterSolid ice cube

Liquid water

Gas Steam

Solid Solid- has definite volume and definite shape. A desk in the classroom has definite volume and shape.

The particles in a solid are packed tightly together and stay in fixed positions.

000000000000000000000Solids continued Crystalline Solid solids that are made of crystals ie. Salt, snow, sandMelting Point the temperature at which crystalline solids melt. Amorphous Solids solids not arranged in a particular pattern ie. Rubber, wood, plastic Liquid Liquid has no shape, takes the shape of a container. Liquids easily flow. Water pouring out of a water bottle. Viscosity the resistance of a liquid to flow. Water pouring out a water bottle has little or low viscosity. Honey poring out of a jar has a lot of viscosity or high viscosity. Flows slowly

Liquids Continued The particles in a liquid are easily moved and flow about the container freely.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0Gas Gas - can change volume easily. Takes on the shape of a container. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gas particles fill the area that is available to them. Gas particles spread apart very easily. 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0Review There 3 states of matter solid, liquid and gas. In each state the particles are arranged differently. Each state has unique properties.

The Periodic Table of the Etements

Lanthani

Actini

13 14 15 16 17

aJ t230

ZnZinc

48CdCadmium

80

mfi112

UubUnunbium

1129

CuCopper

47

*p79

AuGold

111Uuu

I26

Feton

44[.u

76Os0nium

108

HsHlstum

523

VVenadium

41NbNiobiun

73Ta

Tanlalum

105Db0ubnium

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fio'llvu Ituqsjf lor'llNoll.*retiumj

a-6t)lrmlLrssjaJoi-)luallugaryl

amlr'lt:ryJf-loollFmltEqsj

46fllHoltrusjagnrlE'llggl,El

66Dy

98Cf

a 6s-)lro IG!!dfsAlnttttttgj

f_ 641lcal@elf 96)lc*lLc,'!U

am-)lE,, IIturopium I

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1 Alkali Metals2 Alkaline Earth Metals3 - 12 Transition Metals13-16 BCNO Groups17 Halogens18 Noble Gases

24

BeBayllium

12

Vte20

CaCalciunr

38Sr

Slmntium

56BaBaium

88RaRadium

I'il

lt iili: r

Hydmgeil

3Li

Lilhium

11

NaSdium

19K

37Rb

Bubidium

55CsCesium

87Fr

Francium

viNl

t'lilmgen

toj

1( ))!*?0xySen

13AI

Afuminum

n7/

GllChlodne

34Se

Selefliiln

51

SbAntimony

84Po

hlonium

927

CoCohll

45RhHhodium

77Ir

Itidium

109Mt

624

CrChromiunr

42Mo

74W

Tungstur

106Sg

21Sc

Scandium

aalrillnmi* I

IAElgsj17lHrlI Hrrnirr If-l041lrul[n.,m'ri*l

39Y

Yttium

57Lamlh*rrn

89AcActinium

ides

ides

q 58CeCe{un

90Ththorium7

59Pr

91

Pa

Solid'All 0thers($ars" L{, ftNtcu iN], [0, ,:i [\|e,Oilu Arn Kr, ](e,, {RnLiquid - Br, Hg