Chemical Names and Formulas

Chemical Names and Formulas

Overview•Metals and Non-Metals•Ions and Ionic Charges•Types of Compounds•Systematic Names

-Writing Names and Formulas

Naming Compounds Tutorial

General Information Binary Ionic Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds/Poly-atomic Ions Naming w/metals that have more than 1 cha

rge (Transition Metals) Molecular Compounds Naming Acids

Metals and Nonmetals Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non-

metals B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi-

metals All others are metals

Ions Cations Positively

Charged Atoms i.e. Na+

Anions Negatively Charged Atoms

i.e. Cl-

IONIC CHARGES Group I ->

Group II ->

Group III ->

Group IV ->

1+

2+

3+

4+

IONIC CHARGES Group V ->

Group VI ->

Group VII ->

Group VIII ->

3-

2-

1-

Noble Gases

TYPES OF COMPOUNDS Ionic Compounds

• composed of positive and negative ions.

• usually formed from a metal and non-metal.• these elements are not attached to one another.

TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

Ionic Compounds con’t• Examples

NaClCaBr2

KI

CHEMICAL FORMULAS Definition

• shows the kind and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance.

i. e. NaCl

IONIC COMPOUNDS A formula unit is the lowest

whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.

i.e. Na2Cl2 -> NaCl There is no such thing as a

molecule of NaCl!!!!!!!!!

NAMING COMPOUNDS

Your ability to name compounds and write formula’s hinges on your ability to recognize whether a compound is Ionic or Molecular.

BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

Binary means 2 elements Ionic means a metal and a non-

metal (or cation and anion) Writing Formulas

• charges must balance so compound charge is

neutral.

BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

Writing Formulas from Names• 1st word = CATION• 2nd word = ANION name

with ide ending.

BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

NaBr

MgF2

Sodium Bromide

Magnesium Fluoride

BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

Potassium Chloride

Aluminum Oxide

• notice ending of name is ide!

K+Cl- -> KCl

Al23+O3

2- -> Al2O3

Polyatomic Ions Definition

•tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge.

ExampleSO3

2-, NO2-, ClO2

-

TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

Ternary means 3 different elements

Usually contain Poly-atomic Ions

Ionic means cation and anion

TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:Writing

Formulas Ca2+CO3

2- ->

CaCO3

Calcium Carbonate

TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS: Naming

Calcium Nitrate

Ca(NO3)2

Naming with Transition Metals

First word = CATION Second word = ANION

• You need to determine what charge is on the transition metal if more than one exists.

Naming Transition Metals

Copper (I) OxideCu2O

Writing Formulas with Transition Metals

FeCl3

FeCl2

Iron (III) ChlorideIron (II) Chloride

TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

Molecular Compounds• composed of molecules in which elements share

electrons.• usually composed of 2 nonmetals.• these elements are attached

MOLECULAR FORMULA

Definition• shows the numbers and

kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound.

i. e. CO

TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

Molecular Compounds con’t•Examples

CS2

SiO2

BF3

BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

Binary means 2 elementsMolecular means 2 non-metals

NO ionic charges are present

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are present in each molecule.

mono, di, tri,tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

Writing Binary Molecular Compounds

CO2

•no mono

prefix is used on

first element

Carbon Dioxide

• Di means 2 oxygens!!

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

2 ways it’s done!• (prefix + element name)i.e. N2O

dinitrogen monoxide

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds• (prefix + element root + ide)i.e. PCl3

Phosphorous Trichloride

All binary compounds end in ide!!!

Naming with Acids Anion Endings ide

Example HCl

Acid Name hydro-(stem)- ic acid

Hydrochloric Acid

Naming with Acids Anion Ending ite Example Hydrogen Sulfite

Acid Name (stem)-ous acid

Sulfurous Acid

Naming with Acids Anion Ending ate

Example Hydrogen Sulfate

Acid Name (stem)-ic acid

Sulfuric Acid