Upload
suzuki
View
100
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Chemical Names and Formulas. Overview •Metals and Non-Metals •Ions and Ionic Charges •Types of Compounds •Systematic Names -Writing Names and Formulas. Naming Compounds Tutorial. General Information Binary Ionic Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds/Poly-atomic Ions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Chemical Names and Formulas
Overview•Metals and Non-Metals•Ions and Ionic Charges•Types of Compounds•Systematic Names
-Writing Names and Formulas
Naming Compounds Tutorial
General Information Binary Ionic Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds/Poly-atomic Ions Naming w/metals that have more than 1 cha
rge (Transition Metals) Molecular Compounds Naming Acids
Metals and Nonmetals Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non-
metals B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi-
metals All others are metals
Ions Cations Positively
Charged Atoms i.e. Na+
Anions Negatively Charged Atoms
i.e. Cl-
IONIC CHARGES Group I ->
Group II ->
Group III ->
Group IV ->
1+
2+
3+
4+
IONIC CHARGES Group V ->
Group VI ->
Group VII ->
Group VIII ->
3-
2-
1-
Noble Gases
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS Ionic Compounds
• composed of positive and negative ions.
• usually formed from a metal and non-metal.• these elements are not attached to one another.
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
Ionic Compounds con’t• Examples
NaClCaBr2
KI
CHEMICAL FORMULAS Definition
• shows the kind and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance.
i. e. NaCl
IONIC COMPOUNDS A formula unit is the lowest
whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
i.e. Na2Cl2 -> NaCl There is no such thing as a
molecule of NaCl!!!!!!!!!
NAMING COMPOUNDS
Your ability to name compounds and write formula’s hinges on your ability to recognize whether a compound is Ionic or Molecular.
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Binary means 2 elements Ionic means a metal and a non-
metal (or cation and anion) Writing Formulas
• charges must balance so compound charge is
neutral.
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Writing Formulas from Names• 1st word = CATION• 2nd word = ANION name
with ide ending.
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
NaBr
MgF2
Sodium Bromide
Magnesium Fluoride
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Potassium Chloride
Aluminum Oxide
• notice ending of name is ide!
K+Cl- -> KCl
Al23+O3
2- -> Al2O3
Polyatomic Ions Definition
•tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge.
ExampleSO3
2-, NO2-, ClO2
-
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Ternary means 3 different elements
Usually contain Poly-atomic Ions
Ionic means cation and anion
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:Writing
Formulas Ca2+CO3
2- ->
CaCO3
Calcium Carbonate
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS: Naming
Calcium Nitrate
Ca(NO3)2
Naming with Transition Metals
First word = CATION Second word = ANION
• You need to determine what charge is on the transition metal if more than one exists.
Naming Transition Metals
Copper (I) OxideCu2O
Writing Formulas with Transition Metals
FeCl3
FeCl2
Iron (III) ChlorideIron (II) Chloride
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
Molecular Compounds• composed of molecules in which elements share
electrons.• usually composed of 2 nonmetals.• these elements are attached
MOLECULAR FORMULA
Definition• shows the numbers and
kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound.
i. e. CO
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
Molecular Compounds con’t•Examples
CS2
SiO2
BF3
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Binary means 2 elementsMolecular means 2 non-metals
NO ionic charges are present
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are present in each molecule.
mono, di, tri,tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
Writing Binary Molecular Compounds
CO2
•no mono
prefix is used on
first element
Carbon Dioxide
• Di means 2 oxygens!!
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
2 ways it’s done!• (prefix + element name)i.e. N2O
dinitrogen monoxide
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds• (prefix + element root + ide)i.e. PCl3
Phosphorous Trichloride
All binary compounds end in ide!!!
Naming with Acids Anion Endings ide
Example HCl
Acid Name hydro-(stem)- ic acid
Hydrochloric Acid
Naming with Acids Anion Ending ite Example Hydrogen Sulfite
Acid Name (stem)-ous acid
Sulfurous Acid
Naming with Acids Anion Ending ate
Example Hydrogen Sulfate
Acid Name (stem)-ic acid
Sulfuric Acid