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coronary heart
disease
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the heart and blood flow
From head
and arms
To right lung
From right lung
From legs
and feet To legs and
feet
Aorta to all
parts of the
body
To left lung
From left lung
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cardiovascular disease and
coronary heart disease
cardiovascular disease ( CVD, heart and
circulatory disease)
all diseases of the heart and blood vessels(e.g stroke, congenital heart defects, valvular
heart disease, peripheral arterial disease)
coronary heart disease (CHD, ischaemicheart disease)
disease of the coronary arteries due to
atherosclerosis
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the coronary arteries
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atherosclerosis
Atheroma
Artery wall
Blood within
the artery
Atheroma
(fatty deposits)
building up
Fat deposits develop,
restricting blood flow
through the artery
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coronary artery with
atheroma
Atheroma
Coronary Artery
with atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery
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atheroma
Atheroma (fatty layer)
Cross Section Longitudinal Section
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angina and heart attack
angina
narrowed coronary
artery
tightness or ache inthe chest,
breathlessness, sick
feeling, dizziness
comes on with
exertion or emotion
goes away with rest
- usually 2-10 mins
heart attack
due to suddenblockage of thecoronary artery
chest pain like aband, indigestion,breathlessness,sickness, looking pale
comes on at any time doesnt go away - if still
there in 15 minutes call999
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clarifying some terms
Heart failure the pumping action of the heart is less
efficient, possibly caused by raised bloodpressure, heart attack, or valve defect
Heart attack (myocardial infarction) a coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a
blood clot
Cardiac arrest
the heart stops beating when it quivers orfibrillates causing the person to collapse
Stroke an artery leading to the brain is suddenly
blocked with a blood clot or a bleed
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main risk factors for
coronary heart disease
smoking
inactivity
obesity and overweight
high blood pressure
raised blood cholesterol
diabetes
family history of coronary heart disease
excessive alcohol intake
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smoking
Smoking aggravates thelining of the arteries andspeeds up the process ofatherosclerosis
carbon monoxide Takes the place of
oxygen in the blood
nicotine Raises heart rate and
blood pressuretransiently
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physical inactivity
30 minutes a day at least 5 days a weekwhich can be split into 15 minute periods
regular, moderate intensity activity
brisk walking, swimming, cycling, dancing,skipping, tennis, etc.
enough to feel warm & slightly short ofbreath, but still able to hold a conversation
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obesity
caused by excessive calorieintake, and inactivity
can lead to high blood
pressure, raised bloodcholesterol levels, anddiabetes
increases your risk of coronaryheart disease and heart failure
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high blood pressure
the force of blood in the
arteries is over
140/85mmHg
can be lowered with
more activity, weight
loss, cutting salt andalcohol
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high blood cholesterol levels
cholesterol is a fatty substance needed forbody cells
it is carried on proteins called low-density orhigh density lipoproteins (LDLs or HDLs)
saturated fats can increase levels andsometimes people have inherited raisedcholesterol levels
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diabetes
inability of the pancreas to produceenough insulin to control blood sugarlevels
uncontrolled blood sugar encouragesthe build up of fatty deposits within thearterial walls
around 1.3 million people havediabetes in the UK. This may reach 2million people by 2010
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hormone replacement
therapy
oestrogen in the body may improve
cholesterol levels and may make the artery
more elastic
however, hormone replacement therapy has
not shown significant protection against
coronary heart disease
present evidence suggests that HRT shouldnot be prescribed solely to reduce the risk
of coronary heart disease
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