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Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States. 1. Historical Overview. Brainstorming: Who were the Mycenaeans (1900-1100 BCE). 1. Historical Overview. 1100-800 BCE Dark Ages Dorian invasions put an end to Mycenaean domination Writing (Linear B) disappears Iron age starts in Greece. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-
States
1. Historical OverviewBrainstorming: Who were the Mycenaeans
(1900-1100 BCE)
1100-800 BCE
Dark AgesDorian invasions put an end to
Mycenaean dominationWriting (Linear B) disappearsIron age starts in Greece
1. Historical Overview
1. Historical Overview
1. Historical Overview800-479 BCE
Archaic PeriodMycenaean and Minoan
inheritance shows in Greek culture.
New values: formation of the Greek polis
479 BCE Final defeat of the Persian invaders
2. Geography
Large rivers unifying the territoryRiver acting as an artery for communicationsFlat lands: easier to build roadsConcentration of population along the riverUnified politically
2. Geography of Egypt and Mesopotamia
2. Geography of GreeceMountainous region/ Multitude of islands
2. Geography of Greece
Scattered population Isolated city-states (poleis) with different
political structuresSea as the main means for communication
and tradeSense of community and political federation
created by the Persian wars
2. Geography of Greece
3. Political organizationThe polis:An urban and political entity.AcropolisAgoraWallsSurrounding land
3. Political organizationArchia: Gk: rule,
governmentKratia: Gk: power,
governmentMonos: Gk: OneOligos: Gk: FewAristos: Gk: the bestDemos: Gk: people
1. Monarchy2. Oligarchy3. Tyranny4. Democracy
1. Monarchy: Mycenaean (Agamemnon)2. Oligarchy: rule of the aristocracy
(landowners)3. Tyranny: reformers (Peisistratus)4. Democracy: Athens (Kleisthenes)
3-Political organization
Causes of emigration:Growth of the population Scarcity of resourcesLack of political opportunity
Greek colonies: Magna Graecia (Southern Italy and Sicily), Southern France, Spain…Consequences: enrichment of middle classes
(businessmen) and push for democratization (against traditional landowners).
4. Period of colonization
4. Period of colonization
4. Period of colonization
Magna GraeciaNaples (Nea-polis)SyracusePalermoMessina
4. Colonies in Southern ItalyGreek colonies
Pythagoras (Croton)Plato (Syracuse)Herodotus (Thurium)
4. Colonies in Southern ItalyDistinguished visitors
5. Sparta vs. AthensSpartaDorian settlementOligarchyMilitaristic societyStringent
immigration lawsWomen participated
somehow in the public sphere
AthensAeolic settlementRestricted
democracyCultural
achievementsWomen and
foreigners do not participate in civic life
6. Persian WarsCreated a sense of community between the Greeks.
Battles:490BCE Marathon480 BCE Thermopylae480 BCE Salamis
Persian Kings:Darius (522-486 BCE)Xerxes (486-465 BCE)
Persian archer (Persepolis)
6. Persian Wars: Persepolis
Olympian deities:Polytheistic, anthropomorphic
Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, Artemis…
Chthonic deities: Fertility and agricultural gods.Demeter (Eleusis) and Dionysius (Dionysia)Mystery cults
7. Religion
7. Religion
7. Religion
7. Religion: Panhellenic gamesOlympia
Athletic competition In honor of Zeus Held every four years Cycle:
Olympic Games (Olympia) Pythian Games (Delphi) Nemean Games (Nemea) Isthmian Games (Corinth)
Contests: Stadion (200 yard race) Pentathlon (javelin, discus,
long jump, sprinting, wrestling)
Boxing
7. Panhellenic games: Olympia
Temple of Zeus and sacred precinct
7. Panhellenic games: OlympiaStadion
8. Panhellenic sanctuaries: Delphi
Artistic and athletic competition (Pythian Games)
Origin: Apollo killed the snake (Python) that guarded the sanctuary.
Etymology: omphalos, navel of the earth (umbilical).
Oracle: Pythia
8. Panhellenic sanctuaries: Delphi
Epic poetryOral tradition. Sang by a bardHomer (800 BCE)
Iliad: Trojan war (1250 BCE), the wrath of AchillesOdyssey: the return of Odysseus
9. Literature
Lyric poetrySang with a lyreExpression of personal feelings
Sappho, Alcaeus: love, symposium, life and death.
Pindar: odes to victors in the athletic contests, everlasting fame.
HistoriographyFirst attempt to record events objectively:
Herodotus
9. Literature
10. Architecture
9. ArchitectureTemples in Doric styleColonnade winding all the way around an
inner cella.
Poseidonia. Temple of Hera II, 460 BCE
10. Sculpture
A B C D
10. Sculpture
2525 BCE 600 BCE 530 BCE 480 BCE
Kouroi (Kouros)Nude male figuresInfluence of Egyptian art (rigid pose,
frontality)Apollos or memorial statuesEvolution toward more naturalisticStudy of the human body
10. Sculpture
10. Sculpture
10. Sculpture
Korai (Kore)Statues of females (dressed)PolychromicVotive statuesDressed with a peplos and later with chiton
(study of the folds)
10. Sculpture
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