Rise of Democracy Rise of Democracy

Ch 1.1 Ch 1.1

Greek Roots of DemocracyGreek Roots of Democracy The Rise of Greek City-StatesThe Rise of Greek City-States

Mountains and sea separated Greek city-statesMountains and sea separated Greek city-states Fiercely independentFiercely independent Set up colonies all around the Mediterranean Set up colonies all around the Mediterranean

by 750 B.C.by 750 B.C. Greeks designed each large city-stateGreeks designed each large city-state

Acropolis for temples and a lower walled city for Acropolis for temples and a lower walled city for homes, a market, and public buildingshomes, a market, and public buildings

Different forms of government evolvedDifferent forms of government evolved from monarchy, to aristocracy, and in some from monarchy, to aristocracy, and in some

places oligarchyplaces oligarchy

Greek Roots of DemocracyGreek Roots of Democracy Sparta Sparta

Warrior society & Military stateWarrior society & Military state boys began training at age 7boys began training at age 7 Stayed in the barrack until age 30Stayed in the barrack until age 30 Girls also endured rigid upbringing Girls also endured rigid upbringing

Expected to produce health sons for the Expected to produce health sons for the armyarmy

Govt. included two kings and a council of eldersGovt. included two kings and a council of elders Citizens were male over the age of 30Citizens were male over the age of 30 Assembly of male citizens approved major Assembly of male citizens approved major

decisionsdecisions Had little use for education Had little use for education

Greek Roots of DemocracyGreek Roots of Democracy Athens in the Age of PericlesAthens in the Age of Pericles

Athens experienced a “golden age” under the Athens experienced a “golden age” under the leadership of, Periclesleadership of, Pericles

government during this time was a direct government during this time was a direct democracydemocracy

every citizen voted directly on issuesevery citizen voted directly on issues jury duty was also expected of citizensjury duty was also expected of citizens

Athens became the cultural center of GreeceAthens became the cultural center of Greece Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta

ended Athens domination of Greeceended Athens domination of Greece

The Persian WarsThe Persian Wars

500 B.C. Athens is the wealthiest city-500 B.C. Athens is the wealthiest city-state.state.

490 B.C. Persian Empire invades Greece490 B.C. Persian Empire invades Greece Athens sent ships to help the Greek city-Athens sent ships to help the Greek city-

states in Ioniastates in Ionia Persian ruler Darius I sent forces to crush Persian ruler Darius I sent forces to crush

Athens Athens Athenians won a battle near MarathonAthenians won a battle near Marathon

later joined forces with other city-states to later joined forces with other city-states to maintain an advantage over Persiamaintain an advantage over Persia

Greek Roots of DemocracyGreek Roots of Democracy

The Greek PhilosophersThe Greek Philosophers Greek philosophers tried to discover Greek philosophers tried to discover

universal truthsuniversal truths these truths would hopefully lead to better these truths would hopefully lead to better

government and proper ethicsgovernment and proper ethics influential philosophers were Socrates, Plato, influential philosophers were Socrates, Plato,

and Aristotle.and Aristotle. SocratesSocrates

questioned fellow citizens about their beliefsquestioned fellow citizens about their beliefs used a process called “Socratic Method”used a process called “Socratic Method” believed the unexamined life was not worth believed the unexamined life was not worth

livingliving

Greek Roots of DemocracyGreek Roots of Democracy

Plato Plato Student of Socrates, set up his own Student of Socrates, set up his own

school in Athens school in Athens Believed reason led to genuine Believed reason led to genuine

knowledgeknowledge Described his ideal state in Described his ideal state in “The “The

Republic”Republic” rejected Athenian democracy rejected Athenian democracy believed the state should regulate citizens believed the state should regulate citizens

liveslives

Greek Roots of DemocracyGreek Roots of Democracy Aristotle Aristotle

Was Plato’s most favorite studentWas Plato’s most favorite student Tutored Alexander the GreatTutored Alexander the Great Favored a constitutional government ruled by Favored a constitutional government ruled by

the middle classthe middle class Believed the city-state represented the best Believed the city-state represented the best

form of human communityform of human community Believed good conduct meant perusing the Believed good conduct meant perusing the

“golden mean”“golden mean” Promoted reason as the guiding force to Promoted reason as the guiding force to

learninglearning

Alexander and the Hellenistic Alexander and the Hellenistic AgeAge

Macedonian ruler Philip IIMacedonian ruler Philip II Came to control all of GreeceCame to control all of Greece Alexander the Great (His son)Alexander the Great (His son)

created an enormous empire that stretched created an enormous empire that stretched into Persia and Egypt.into Persia and Egypt.

conquests spread Greek culture. He married a conquests spread Greek culture. He married a Persian woman and urged others to do the Persian woman and urged others to do the same.same.

Hellenistic civilizationHellenistic civilization This mixing of cultures created a new blended This mixing of cultures created a new blended

Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures