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terjemahan kieso chapter 5
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5-2
BAB 5BAB 5LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN DAN LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN DAN
LAPORAN ARUS KASLAPORAN ARUS KAS
Intermediate AccountingIFRS Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
5-3
Laporan Posisi Laporan Posisi KeuanganKeuangan
Informasi Informasi TambahanTambahan
KegunaanKegunaan
BatasanBatasan
KlasifikasiKlasifikasi
CatatanCatatan
Teknik Teknik
PengungkapanPengungkapan
Pedoman lainnyaPedoman lainnya
LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN DAN LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN DAN LAPORAN ARUS KASLAPORAN ARUS KAS
LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN DAN LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN DAN LAPORAN ARUS KASLAPORAN ARUS KAS
Laporan Arus KasLaporan Arus Kas
TujuanTujuan
Isi dan FormatIsi dan Format
PerseiapanPerseiapan
KegunaanKegunaan
5-4
Statement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial Position
Laporan Posisi Keuangan, disebut juga sebagai Neraca:
1. Laporan aset, kewajiban, dan ekuitas pada tanggal tertentu.
2. Memberikan informasi tentang sumber daya, kewajiban
kepada kreditur, dan ekuitas dalam sumber daya bersih.
3. Membantu dalam memprediksi, waktu, dan ketidakpastian arus
kas masa depan.
5-5
Menghitung tingkat pengembalian.
Menevaluasi struktur modal
Menilai resiko dan arus kas masa depan .
Menganalisa perusahaan:
Likuiditas
Solvabilitas
Fleksibilitas keuangan
Kegunaan
Statement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial Position
LO 1 Explain the uses and limitations of a statement of financial position.LO 1 Explain the uses and limitations of a statement of financial position.
5-6
Kebanyakan aset dan kewajiban dilaporkan
berdasarkan biaya perolehan.
Menggunakan penilaian dan estimasi.
Banyak nilai keuangan yang dihilangkan.
Keterbatasan
LO 1 Explain the uses and limitations of a statement of financial position.LO 1 Explain the uses and limitations of a statement of financial position.
Statement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial Position
5-7
Klasifikasi
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Statement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial Position
Unsur Laporan Posisi Keuangan
1.Aset
2.Kewajiban
3.EkuitasUnsur Laporan Posisi Keuangan
1.Aset
2.Kewajiban
3.Ekuitas
5-8
Subklasifikasi
Statement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial PositionStatement of Financial Position
AsetAktiva Tdk Lancar
Investasi
Perlengkapan, tanah dan peralatan
Aset tak berwujud
Aset lainnya
Aktiva lancar
Kewajiban dan EkuitasEkuitas
Bagian saham
Bagian Agio
Saldo laba
Akumulasi pendapatan komprehensif
Saham minoritas
Kewajiban tdk lancar
Kewajiban lancar
5-9
Secara umum terdiri dari:
Investasi jangka panjang
Tanah, Bangunan dan peralatan
Aset tak berwujud
Aset lainnya
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Aktiva tak lancar
5-10
Investasi Jangka Panjang
1. Sekuritas (bonds, ordinary shares, or long-term notes).
2. Aktiva tak berwujud saat tidak digunakan dalam
operasi (tanah yang dimiliki untuk spekulasi).
3. Dana Khusus (dana pembayaran utang, pensiun dan dana
pengembangan perusahaan).
4. Bukan anak perusahaan atau cabang dan asosianya
Non-Current Assets
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-11
Tangible long-lived assets used in the regular operations
of the business.
Physical property such as land, buildings, machinery,
furniture, tools, and wasting resources (minerals).
With the exception of land, a company either depreciates
(e.g., buildings) or depletes (e.g., oil reserves) these
assets.
Tanah Bangunan dan Peralatan
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-12
Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Portfolio Type Valuation Classification
Held-for-Collection
DebtAmortized
CostCurrent or Noncurrent
Trading Debt or Equity Fair Value Current
Non-Trading Equity
Equity Fair ValueCurrent or Noncurrent
5-13
Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
Portfolio Type Valuation Classification
Held-for-Collection
DebtAmortized
CostCurrent or Noncurrent
Trading Debt or Equity Fair Value Current
Non-Trading Equity
Equity Fair ValueCurrent or Noncurrent
5-14
Lack physical substance and are not financial
instruments.
Patents, copyrights, franchises, goodwill, trademarks,
trade names, and customer lists.
Amortize limited-life intangible assets over their useful
lives.
Periodically assess indefinite-life intangibles for
impairment.
Intangible Assets
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-15
Items vary in practice. Can include:
Long-term prepaid expenses
Non-current receivables
Assets in special funds
Property held for sale
Restricted cash or securities
Other Assets
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-16
Cash and other assets a company expects to convert into cash, sell, or consume either in one year or in the operating cycle, whichever is longer.
Current Assets
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
Illustration 5-5
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
5-17
Inventories
Disclose:
Basis of valuation (e.g., lower-of-cost-or-market).
Cost flow assumption (e.g., FIFO or average cost).
LO 2LO 2
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
Illustration 5-6
5-18
Claims held against customers and others for
money,
goods, or
services.
Major categories of receivables should be shown in the statement of financial position or the related notes.
Receivables
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-19
Payment of cash, that is recorded as an asset because Payment of cash, that is recorded as an asset because service or benefit will be received in the future.service or benefit will be received in the future.
insuranceinsurance
suppliessupplies
advertisingadvertising
Cash PaymentCash Payment Expense RecordedExpense RecordedBEFORE
rentrent
maintenance on equipmentmaintenance on equipment
Prepayments often occur in regard to:Prepayments often occur in regard to:
Prepaid Expenses
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-20
Generally any monies available “on demand.”
Cash equivalents - short-term highly liquid investments that mature within three months or less.
Restrictions or commitments must be disclosed.
Cash
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-21
Equity
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-22
Equity
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
Ordinary shares and preference shares - must disclose
the par value and the authorized, issued, and outstanding
amounts.
Share premium - company usually presents one amount
for ordinary and preference shares.
Retained earnings - amount may be divided between the
unappropriated and restricted amounts.
Treasury shares - shown as a reduction of equity.
5-23
Non-Current Liabilities
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
Obligations that a company does not reasonably expect to
liquidate within the longer of one year or the normal
operating cycle. Three types:
1. Obligations arising from specific financing situations.
2. Obligations arising from the ordinary operations of the
company.
3. Obligations that depend on the occurrence or non-
occurrence of one or more future events to confirm the
amount payable, or the payee, or the date payable.
5-24
Current Liabilities
LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.LO 2 Identify the major classifications of the statement of financial position.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
Obligations that a company generally expects to settle in its
normal operating cycle or one year, whichever is longer.
This concept includes:
1. Payables resulting from the acquisition of goods and
services: accounts payable, wages payable, and so on.
2. Collections received in advance for the delivery of goods or
performance of services, such as unearned rent revenue.
3. Other liabilities whose liquidation will take place within the
operating cycle or one year.
5-25
Statement of Financial Position Format
IFRS does not specify the order or format in which
a company presents items in the statement of
financial position.
Account form or report form.
LO 3 Prepare a classified statement of financial position LO 3 Prepare a classified statement of financial position using the report and account formats.using the report and account formats.
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
5-26
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
Account Form
LO 3 Prepare a classified statement of financial position LO 3 Prepare a classified statement of financial position using the report and account formats.using the report and account formats.
5-27
ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
LO 3LO 3
Report Form
Illustration 5-17
5-28
The Statement of Cash FlowsThe Statement of Cash FlowsThe Statement of Cash FlowsThe Statement of Cash Flows
One of the three basic objectives of financial reporting is
“assessing the amounts, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows.”
IASB requires the statement of cash flows (also called the cash flow statement).
5-29
Primary Purpose: To provide relevant information
about the cash receipts and cash payments of an
enterprise during a period.
The statement provides answers to the following
questions:
1. Where did the cash come from?
2. What was the cash used for?
3. What was the change in the cash balance?
Purpose of the Statement of Cash FlowsPurpose of the Statement of Cash FlowsPurpose of the Statement of Cash FlowsPurpose of the Statement of Cash Flows
LO 4 Indicate the purpose of the statement of cash flows.LO 4 Indicate the purpose of the statement of cash flows.
5-30
OperatingOperatingOperatingOperating
Cash inflows and outflows from operations.
InvestingInvestingInvestingInvesting
Cash inflows and outflows from non-current assets.
FinancingFinancingFinancingFinancing
Cash inflows and outflows from non-current liabilities and equity.
Statement helps users evaluate liquidity, solvency, and financial flexibility.
LO 5 Identify the content of the statement of cash flows.LO 5 Identify the content of the statement of cash flows.
Content and FormatContent and FormatContent and FormatContent and Format
5-31 LO 5 Identify the content of the statement of cash flows.LO 5 Identify the content of the statement of cash flows.
Illustration 5-19
Content and FormatContent and FormatContent and FormatContent and Format
5-32
Information obtained from several sources:
(1) comparative statement of financial position,
(2) current income statement, and
(3) selected transaction data.
Sources of Information
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
5-33
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows: On January 1, 2011, in its
first year of operations, Telemarketing Inc. issued 50,000
ordinary shares ($1 par value) for $50,000 cash. The
company rented its office space, furniture, and
telecommunications equipment and performed marketing
services throughout the first year. In June 2011 the company
purchased land for $15,000. Illustration 5-20 shows the
company’s comparative statement of financial position at the
beginning and end of 2011.
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
5-34
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
LO 6LO 6
Illustration 5-21
Illustration 5-20
5-35
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Preparing the Statement of Cash Flows
Determine:
1. Cash provided by (or used in) operating activities.
2. Cash provided by or used in investing and financing activities.
3. Determine the change (increase or decrease) in cash during the period.
4. Reconcile the change in cash with the beginning and the ending cash balances.
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
5-36
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Cash provided by operating activities Illustration 5-22
Illustration 5-20 Illustration 5-21
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
5-37
The Statement The Statement of Cash Flowsof Cash FlowsThe Statement The Statement of Cash Flowsof Cash Flows
Illustration 5-29
Next, the company determines its investing and financing activities.
Illustration 5-20 Illustration 5-21
5-38
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows (BE 5-12): Keyser Beverage Company reported the following items in the most recent year.
Activity
Operating
Financing
Operating
Operating
Investing
Operating
Financing
Required: Prepare a Statement of Cash Flows
Net income $40,000
Dividends paid 5,000
Increase in accounts receivable 10,000
Increase in accounts payable 7,000
Purchase of equipment 8,000
Depreciation expense 4,000
Issue of notes payable 20,000
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
5-39
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows (BE 5-12)
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
Statement of Cash Flow (in thousands)
Operating activities
Net income 40,000$
I ncrease in accounts receivable (10,000)
I ncrease in accounts payable 7,000
Depreciation expense 4,000
Cash fl ow f rom operations 41,000
Investing activities
Purchase of equipment (8,000)
Financing activities
Proceeds f rom notes payable 20,000
Dividends paid (5,000)
Cash fl ow f rom financing 15,000
Increase in cash 48,000$
Noncash credit to revenues.
Noncash charge to expenses.
5-40
ReviewReview
In preparing a statement of cash flows, which of the following In preparing a statement of cash flows, which of the following
transactions would be considered an investing activity?transactions would be considered an investing activity?
a. a. Sale of equipment at book valueSale of equipment at book value
b. b. Sale of merchandise on creditSale of merchandise on credit
c. c. Declaration of a cash dividendDeclaration of a cash dividend
d. d. Issuance of bonds payable.Issuance of bonds payable.
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
5-41
Issuance of ordinary shares to purchase assets.
Conversion of bonds into ordinary shares.
Issuance of debt to purchase assets.
Exchanges on long-lived assets.
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Significant financing and investing activities that do not affect cash are reported in either a separate schedule at the bottom of the statement of cash flows or in the notes.
Examples include:
Significant Non-Cash Activities
LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.LO 6 Prepare a basic statement of cash flows.
5-42
Preparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash FlowsPreparation of the Statement of Cash Flows
Illustration 5-24Comprehensive Statementof Cash Flows
5-43
High amount - company able to generate sufficient
cash to pay its bills.
Low amount - company may have to borrow or
issue equity securities to pay bills.
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
Without cash, a company will not survive.
Cash flow from Operations:
LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.
5-44
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
Ratio indicates whether the company can pay off its current liabilities from its operations. A ratio near 1:1 is good.
LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.
Financial Liquidity
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Average Current Liabilities
Current Cash Debt Coverage
Ratio =
Illustration 5-26
5-45
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
This ratio indicates a company’s ability to repay its liabilities from net cash provided by operating activities, without having to liquidate the assets employed in its operations.
LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.
Financial Flexibility
Average Total Liabilities
Cash Debt Coverage
Ratio =
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Illustration 5-27
5-46
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
The amount of discretionary cash flow a company has for purchasing additional investments, retiring its debt, purchasing treasury stock, or simply adding to its liquidity.
LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.
Free Cash FlowIllustration 5-29
5-47
ReviewReview
The current cash debt coverage ratio is often used to assess
a. financial flexibility.
b. liquidity.
c. profitability.
d. solvency.
LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.LO 7 Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash FlowsUsefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
5-48
Financial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and Notes
IFRS requires that a complete set of financial statements be presented annually. Comprised of the following:
LO 8 Determine additional information requiring note disclosure.LO 8 Determine additional information requiring note disclosure.
1. Statement of financial position at the end of the period;
2. Statement of comprehensive income for the period to be presented either as:
a) One single statement of comprehensive income.
b) A separate income statement and statement of comprehensive income.
3. Statement of changes in equity;
4. Statement of cash flows; and
5. Notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
5-49
Accounting policies
Specific principles, bases, conventions, rules, and
practices applied by a company in preparing and
presenting financial information.
First note generally titled, “Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies.”
Financial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and Notes
LO 8 Determine additional information requiring note disclosure.LO 8 Determine additional information requiring note disclosure.
Notes to the Financial Statements
5-50
Financial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and Notes
5-51
Additional Notes to the Financial Statements
In many cases, IFRS requires specific disclosures. Examples
include:
Items of property, plant, and equipment are disaggregated into
classes.
Receivables are disaggregated into amounts receivable from trade
customers, receivables from related parties, prepayments, and other
amounts.
Inventories are disaggregated into classifications such as
merchandise, production supplies, work in process, and finished
goods.
Financial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and NotesFinancial Statements and Notes
LO 8 Determine additional information requiring note disclosure.LO 8 Determine additional information requiring note disclosure.
5-52 LO 10 Identify the major types of financial ratios and what they measure.LO 10 Identify the major types of financial ratios and what they measure.
Using Ratios to Analyze Performance
Analysts and other interested parties can gather qualitative information from financial statements by examining relationships between items on the statements and identifying trends in these relationships.
5-53 LO 10 Identify the major types of financial ratios and what they measure.LO 10 Identify the major types of financial ratios and what they measure.
Using Ratios to Analyze PerformanceIllustration 5A-1 A Summary of Financial Ratios
5-54 LO 10 Identify the major types of financial ratios and what they measure.LO 10 Identify the major types of financial ratios and what they measure.
Using Ratios to Analyze PerformanceIllustration 5A-1 A Summary of Financial Ratios
5-55 LO 10 Identify the major types of financial ratios and what they measure.LO 10 Identify the major types of financial ratios and what they measure.
Using Ratios to Analyze PerformanceIllustration 5A-1 A Summary of Financial Ratios
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