Chapter 4 The Thirteen English Colonies. New England Colonies Section 1

Chapter 4The Thirteen English

Colonies

New England Colonies

Section 1

PuritansOPuritans-religious group who had hoped to reform the Church of England

OThey left England because they:

O -were persecuted.O -thought England had fallen on “evil and declining times.”

Owanted to build a new society.

Who? Where? When?

Why? Results?

John Winthrop and Puritans

Massachusetts Bay Colony

1629 Escape persecution and build society based on biblical laws

Only stockholders could vote

Granted right to vote to male church members

Thomas Hooker

Connecticut

1636 He believed the MA Bay government had too much power

Wanted strict limits on government

All men who owned property could vote

Limited governor’s power

Roger Williams

Rhode Island

1635-1636

He challenged MA Bay leaders and was forced to leave

Wanted a separation of church and government

Religious freedom

No state church

All white men could vote

Chapter 4 Key Terms-Due Wednesday

1)Religious tolerance

2) Proprietary colony

3) Royal colony4) Indigo5) Debtor6) Slave code7) Racism8) Mercantilism

9)Export10)Import11)Legislature12)bill of rights*13)Indentured

servant14)Apprentice15)Libel

Anne HutchinsonDevout Puritan woman who led biblical discussions and claimed God spoke directly to her

The MA General Court ordered her to leave.

History views her as a symbol of the struggle for religious freedom.

Puritans and Native Americans

Settlers from MA Bay Colony spread out over NE.

Tensions with the Native Americans grew.

Metacom (King Phillip) was the Wampanoag chief in 1675.

Tribes united to drive out the English.

Puritans and Native Americans

The tribes destroyed towns and killed hundreds of settlers.

Within a yearMetacom was killedHis family was sold into slavery

Puritan LifeOn Sundays, all citizens were required to attend church.

Men, women, blacks, Indians, and children sat separately.

Town meetings were held for people to speak their minds.

Puritan laws were strict.In 1692, 2o were executed for witchcraft.

Middle ColoniesSection 2

New YorkOThe Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland. New Amsterdam became a thriving port.

OTo encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates to a few rich families. Owners were called patroons.

OPeople from different religious groups flocked to New Netherland because of its religious tolerance.

New YorkORivalry for trade and colonies

increased between England and the Netherlands. The governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, swore to defend his colony.

OStuyvesant was unpopular because of his harsh rule and heavy taxes. When English warships entered the harbor, the colonists refused to help the governor. The English took over without a shot.

OThe king of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York. New Netherland became New York.

New JerseyOThe Duke of York thought that New York was too big to govern easily.

OHe gave up some land to friends who set up a new colony, New Jersey, which was a proprietary colony.

OIn 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony, which was a colony under the direct control of the English crown.

PennsylvaniaOIn England, William Penn joined the Quakers, a religious group that believed that all people were equal in God’s sight. Quakers were against war.

OQuakers were arrested, fined, or even hanged for their ideas.

OPenn believed the Quakers must leave England, so he turned to the king for help.

PennsylvaniaOThe king issued a royal charter

naming Penn proprietor of a new colony, later called Pennsylvania.

OPenn called for fair treatment of Native Americans.

OPenn welcomed settlers of different faiths and people from many countries, including Germany. Other colonists called the Germans Pennsylvania Dutch, from the word “Deutsch,” which means German.

DelawareOThe land around the Delaware River was called the Pennsylvania Lower Counties.

OWilliam Penn allowed the Lower Counties to elect their own assembly because of their distance away from Philadelphia.

OIn 1704, the Lower Counties broke away and formed Delaware.

Southern ColoniesSection 3

Southern ColoniesOWhy was Maryland important to Roman Catholics?

OMaryland was established by Lord Baltimore as a place where Roman Catholics, and later Protestant Christians, could worship freely.

North CarolinaOHow were the Carolinas and Georgia founded?

ONorth CarolinaOPoor tobacco farmers moved there from Virginia.

OMany lived on small farms.

South CarolinaOEight English nobles set up the colony, and Charles Town (Charleston) was the largest settlement.

OSC grew rice and indigo and relied heavily on slave labor. (Enslaved Africans outnumbered settles 2:1)

GeorgiaOJames Oglethorpe founded GA where debtors could start over.

OSlavery was forbidden at first, but GA grew with the growth of plantations and slavery.

Land

Farms

Crops

Slavery

Tidewater Plantations Backcountry

Coastal plain, many

rivers

Rolling hills, thick forests

Large plantations Small farms

Tobacco, rice, indigo Tobacco, garden crops

Enslaved Africans tended Tidewater plantations

Few enslaved Africans worked backcountry farms

Middle PassageMiddle Passage-Slave ship route from West Africa to the West Indies

On the Middle Passage slaves

Were crammed together and chained

Resisted, but few escapedDied in large numbers on the journey from disease and mistreatment

Roots of Self Government

Section 4

Regulating TradeComplete the statementsThe theory of mercantilism says that a nation grew strong by keeping strict control over its trade.

The purpose of the Navigation Acts was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.

Regulating TradeThe Nav. Acts encouraged the colonists to build their own ships.

On the second leg of the triangular trade route, New England ships carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa.

Colonial GovernmentMost governors were appointed by either the king or by the colony’s proprietor.

Most colonial legislatures were made up of an upper house and a lower house.

Limits on LibertyThe right to vote was limited to white, Christian, men, over the age of 21 who owned land.

A married woman could not start her own business or sign a contract without her husband’s approval.

Africans and Native Americans had almost no rights.

Life in the ColoniesSection 5

Great AwakeningThe Enlightenment was a religious movement that swept through the colonies

in the 1730s-1740s.FalseThe Enlightenment GREAT AWAKENING was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s.

Great AwakeningBenjamin Franklin was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement.

FalseBenjamin Franklin JONATHAN EDWARDS was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement.

Great Awakening

The movement inspired independent thinking among the colonists.

True

EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the 1900-2000s that emphasized the use of tyranny to guide society.

FalseThe Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the 1900-2000s 1600-1700s that emphasized the use of tyranny REASON to guide society.

EnlightenmentRoger Williams was an English philosopher whose written works about people’s natural rights were widely read in the colonies.

FalseRoger Williams JOHN LOCKE was an English philosopher whose written works about people’s natural rights were widely read in the colonies.

EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment spread quickly among those who could read.

True

PeopleBenjamin Franklin-good example of Enlightenment thinking-he used reason and logic to improve the world around him

John Peter Zenger-faced arrest and trial after printing criticism of the New York governor-trial showed the importance of freedom of the press