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Chapter 24Chapter 24Solid and Hazardous WastesSolid and Hazardous Wastes
Types of Solid WasteTypes of Solid Waste Municipal solid Municipal solid
wastewaste Relatively small Relatively small
portion of solid portion of solid waste producedwaste produced
Non-municipal Non-municipal solid wastesolid waste waste from waste from
industry, industry, agriculture, and agriculture, and miningmining
Municipal Solid Municipal Solid WasteWaste
Disposal of Solid WasteDisposal of Solid Waste
Three methodsThree methods Sanitary LandfillsSanitary Landfills IncinerationIncineration RecyclingRecycling
Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfill
Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfill
ProblemsProblems Methane gas Methane gas Contamination of surface & ground Contamination of surface & ground
waterwater Not a long-term remedyNot a long-term remedy Few new facilities being openedFew new facilities being opened Closing a full landfill is very expensiveClosing a full landfill is very expensive
Special Problem: PlasticSpecial Problem: Plastic
Special Problem: Special Problem: TiresTires cannot be recycledcannot be recycled Can be incinerated Can be incinerated
or shreddedor shredded
Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfill
300 million tires are scrapped or dumped per year!
IncinerationIncineration
ProsPros Volume of solid waste reduced by 90%Volume of solid waste reduced by 90% Produces heat that can make steam to Produces heat that can make steam to
generate electricitygenerate electricity Produce less carbon emissions than fossil fuel Produce less carbon emissions than fossil fuel
power plantspower plants
ConsCons ByproductByproduct
ashash
Waste PreventionWaste Prevention
Three Goals: (The 3 R’s)Three Goals: (The 3 R’s) (1) REDUCE the amount of waste(1) REDUCE the amount of waste (2) Reuse products (2) Reuse products (3) Recycle materials(3) Recycle materials
CompostingComposting
Reduces yard waste in landfillsReduces yard waste in landfills Can be sold or distributed to Can be sold or distributed to
communitycommunity
Reducing WasteReducing Waste
Purchase products with less Purchase products with less packagingpackaging
Reusing ProductsReusing Products
Refilling glass beverage bottlesRefilling glass beverage bottles Japan recycles almost all bottlesJapan recycles almost all bottles
Reused 20 timesReused 20 times
Recycling MaterialsRecycling Materials
Every ton of recycled paper saves:Every ton of recycled paper saves: 17 trees17 trees 7000 gallons of water7000 gallons of water 4100 kwatt-hrs of energy4100 kwatt-hrs of energy 3 cubic yards of landfill space3 cubic yards of landfill space
RecycleRecycle Glass bottles, newspapers, steel cans, Glass bottles, newspapers, steel cans,
plastic bottles, cardboard, office paperplastic bottles, cardboard, office paper
RecyclingRecycling
Recycling PaperRecycling Paper US recycles 50%US recycles 50% Many developed Many developed
countries are countries are higherhigher
Recycling GlassRecycling Glass US recycles 25%US recycles 25% Costs less than Costs less than
new glass new glass
RecyclingRecycling Recycling AluminumRecycling Aluminum
Making new can from Making new can from recycled one costs far recycled one costs far less than making a brand less than making a brand new onenew one
49% of Al recycled in 49% of Al recycled in 20072007
Recycling PlasticRecycling Plastic Less expensive to make Less expensive to make
from raw materialsfrom raw materials
RecyclingRecycling
Recycling TiresRecycling Tires Playground equipmentPlayground equipment TrashcansTrashcans Garden hoseGarden hose CarpetCarpet Roofing materialsRoofing materials
36% of tires are currently recycled to 36% of tires are currently recycled to make other productsmake other products
Integrated Waste Integrated Waste ManagementManagement
Love Canal Toxic Love Canal Toxic Waste SiteWaste Site
Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste
Any discarded chemical that Any discarded chemical that threatens human health or the threatens human health or the environmentenvironment Reactive, corrosive, explosive or toxic Reactive, corrosive, explosive or toxic
chemicalschemicals Types of Hazardous WasteTypes of Hazardous Waste
DioxinsDioxins PCBsPCBs Radioactive wasteRadioactive waste
Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste
Case-In-Point Hanford Case-In-Point Hanford Nuclear ReservationNuclear Reservation
Superfund Program-Must be Superfund Program-Must be cleaned upcleaned up Cleaning up Cleaning up
existing existing hazardous waste:hazardous waste: 400,000 waste 400,000 waste
sitessites
http://www.usc.edu/org/cosee-west/Jun07Resources/07Waiting%20for%20the%20DDT%20tide%20to%20turn.pdf
Management of Hazardous Management of Hazardous WasteWaste Superfund National Priorities ListSuperfund National Priorities List
2009: 1,264 sites on the list2009: 1,264 sites on the list States with the greatest number of sitesStates with the greatest number of sites
New Jersey (114)New Jersey (114) California (94)California (94) Pennsylvania (94)Pennsylvania (94) New York (85)New York (85) Michigan (65)Michigan (65)
We have Superfund sights in Maywood, Torrance….
Management of Hazardous Management of Hazardous WasteWaste Biological Treatment of Hazardous Biological Treatment of Hazardous
ChemicalsChemicals BioremediationBioremediation - -
Time consumingTime consuming PhytoremediationPhytoremediation – –
Management of Hazardous Management of Hazardous WasteWaste (1) Source reduction(1) Source reduction
(2) Conversion to less hazardous (2) Conversion to less hazardous materialsmaterials
(3) Long-term storage(3) Long-term storage
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