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Chapter 16
Life at the Turn of the Century
SkyscrapersLouis Sullivan Daniel BurnhamWainwright Building Flatiron Building
Modern Architecture
Urban and City Planning became important
Trying to incorporate a little order and serenity into the chaotic city life
Fredrick Law OlmstedCentral Park
New Technologies
Web Perfect printing press
• Prints both sides of the paper
• Prints from a continuous roll of paper
• Cuts the paper• Folds the paper
Airplanes
• Orville and Wilbur Wright
• December 17, 1903
• Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
• 120 feet• 12 seconds
Single person Aircraft
Taking off and Landing on a ship
Passenger travel
Space Travel
George Eastman
• Kodak camera• Flexible film used
to capture the image
Education would go under further reform
• Elementary schools would increase the student attendance from only attending between harvest times to 12 to 16 weeks of education per year
• High schools were developed to increase the educational experience
• Curriculums expanded from writing, reading, and arithmetic; to science, civics, and social studies.
Education would continue to be a challenge for blacks
• Only 3 % of blacks would go to high school
• Immigrants however were encouraged to attend school
Expanding Higher Education
• Colleges and Universities were developed
Booker T. WashingtonTuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
W.E.B. Dubois1st Black man to graduate from Harvard
Niagara Movement
• WEB Dubois founder• Black Males should
seek liberal arts education to be educated leaders of their communities
• Forefather of NAACP
African Americans fight legal discrimination
Voting Restrictions
• Poll Tax• Literacy test• Grandfather clause – added to
ensure that blacks could not vote
Segregation – The policy or practice of isolating or separating an ethnic group or race, as in schools, housing, and employment.
Segregation was legal and reinforced by what legislation
Jim Crow Rules the South
Signs of Jim Crow
Dawn of Mass Culture
Amusement Parks
• Coney Island
• 1st Roller Coaster
• Ferris wheel
• Picnic Grounds
Bicycling fads
Playing tennis became a past time
Sold for first time in 1900
Atlanta Pharmacist developed as a cure for headaches; made from Peruvian coca leaves
America’s Pastime
Abner Doubleday
Mass Circulation of Newspapers
Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst
Samuel Langhorne Clemmons
• Mark Twain• Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn• Tom Sawyer
Economics began to change
Marshal Field’s department storeCatered to women shoppers
Woolworth’s became the first chain store (Five and dime’s)
Sex Sells
Coolness Sells
Catalogs and Home shopping added convenience to the shopping dilemma
Other Catalogs
• Montgomery Ward• Sears and Roebuck• Then came rural free delivery
(RFD)• 1910, 10 million Americans
shopped by mail
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