Chapter 16

Life at the Turn of the Century

SkyscrapersLouis Sullivan Daniel BurnhamWainwright Building Flatiron Building

Modern Architecture

Urban and City Planning became important

Trying to incorporate a little order and serenity into the chaotic city life

Fredrick Law OlmstedCentral Park

New Technologies

Web Perfect printing press

• Prints both sides of the paper

• Prints from a continuous roll of paper

• Cuts the paper• Folds the paper

Airplanes

• Orville and Wilbur Wright

• December 17, 1903

• Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

• 120 feet• 12 seconds

Single person Aircraft

Taking off and Landing on a ship

Passenger travel

Space Travel

George Eastman

• Kodak camera• Flexible film used

to capture the image

Education would go under further reform

• Elementary schools would increase the student attendance from only attending between harvest times to 12 to 16 weeks of education per year

• High schools were developed to increase the educational experience

• Curriculums expanded from writing, reading, and arithmetic; to science, civics, and social studies.

Education would continue to be a challenge for blacks

• Only 3 % of blacks would go to high school

• Immigrants however were encouraged to attend school

Expanding Higher Education

• Colleges and Universities were developed

Booker T. WashingtonTuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute

W.E.B. Dubois1st Black man to graduate from Harvard

Niagara Movement

• WEB Dubois founder• Black Males should

seek liberal arts education to be educated leaders of their communities

• Forefather of NAACP

African Americans fight legal discrimination

Voting Restrictions

• Poll Tax• Literacy test• Grandfather clause – added to

ensure that blacks could not vote

Segregation – The policy or practice of isolating or separating an ethnic group or race, as in schools, housing, and employment.

Segregation was legal and reinforced by what legislation

Jim Crow Rules the South

Signs of Jim Crow

Dawn of Mass Culture

Amusement Parks

• Coney Island

• 1st Roller Coaster

• Ferris wheel

• Picnic Grounds

Bicycling fads

Playing tennis became a past time

Sold for first time in 1900

Atlanta Pharmacist developed as a cure for headaches; made from Peruvian coca leaves

America’s Pastime

Abner Doubleday

Mass Circulation of Newspapers

Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

Samuel Langhorne Clemmons

• Mark Twain• Adventures of

Huckleberry Finn• Tom Sawyer

Economics began to change

Marshal Field’s department storeCatered to women shoppers

Woolworth’s became the first chain store (Five and dime’s)

Sex Sells

Coolness Sells

Catalogs and Home shopping added convenience to the shopping dilemma

Other Catalogs

• Montgomery Ward• Sears and Roebuck• Then came rural free delivery

(RFD)• 1910, 10 million Americans

shopped by mail