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Chapter 14 The World War I Era 1914-1920 (Pages 414-441). The Road to War Alsace Lorraine, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Britain, France Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Allied Powers Russia, France, Great Britain. Causes. Complex system of Treaties - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 14 The World War I Era 1914-1920 (Pages 414-441)
•The Road to War•Alsace Lorraine, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Britain, France•Central Powers•Germany Austria-Hungary
•Allied Powers•Russia, France, Great Britain
Complex system of Treaties◦Balance of Power led to a chain reaction
◦June 28, 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand and his wife Sophie Sarejevo-Bosnia
Causes
Franz and Sophie
Chain Reaction of mobilizations◦Russia◦France◦Germany-must invade Belgium and Luxemburg to get to France
◦Great Britain
Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia
At first rapid progress by Germany get within 30 miles of Paris
Stopped at the Marne River by France and Great Britain◦Armies dig in-Trench Warfare
◦Eastern Front- central powers making gains Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers
Conflict Grows
Ideas of Heroism shattered◦Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery,
and poison gas◦Britain suffered 60, 000 casualties in one
day◦Generals could not adapt◦Frustrated soldiers killed POWs, civilians,
poisoned water sources, and burned fields
Modern Warfare
Sank all ships believed to have weapons British blockade caused hunger in Germany War of attrition
German Navy
Immigrants feel involved◦Some for central◦Some for allies
◦America neutral Business interests Peacemaker
The American Response
Be prepared◦National Security League◦Increased Army
◦Peace movement Women, progressives, and social
reformers Increase income taxes and increase
taxes on arms dealers
Prepared vs. Peace
U Boats Lusitania May 7, 1915
◦1,198 passengers died◦128 Americans
◦The Zimmerman Note◦Revolution in Russia◦City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilancia
sunk
The United States Declares War
April 16, 1917 President Wilson signs the declaration of war against the central powers
Americans on the European Front◦1st just loans, navy, and supplies◦John J. Pershing and 14,500 troops sent-
more needed
Declaration of War
“War to end all wars”◦Volunteer for draft◦11,000 women in Armed forces◦14,000 women serve in civilian roles
overseas◦Convoy system for merchant ships
May 1917 Selective Service Act
Doughboys Did not integrate with allies
◦ Separated by race Menial jobs, manual labor
Mary E. Gladwin and the Red Cross Serbia
American Soldiers
Civil War in Russia Lenin signs treaty with Germany Germany goes on the offensive
◦Marines hold back the offensive and save Paris Suffer 50% casualties
Lenin Takes Power
Allies break the lines◦ Tanks◦ Fresh troops
◦ Battle of Amiens Defeat Germany’s last offensive push
Sgt. York Saved his platoon by killing machine
gunners Took 132 prisoners with a pistol
Counter Attack
Armistice signed◦50,000 Americans dead◦8 million European soldiers dead◦20 million civilians
November 11, 1918
Liberty Bonds “Dollar a year men” Government Oversaw Production
◦Fixed prices◦Gas-less days◦Daylight savings time◦Set wages, hours, and working conditions
On the Home Front
No rations-Voluntary restraint Information under Government control◦Propaganda◦Nativism Literacy tests for immigrants Hostility toward Germans
Food Consumption
Espionage Act Sedition Act Censorship of the press Boy scouts and girl scouts
◦Drill at school
Civil Liberties Repressed
Mexican Americans and African Americans get better jobs
Women get better jobs Prohibition enacted to save grain-19th
amendment 1919
Cultural and Social Transformations
Wilson’s 14 points◦Self determination◦League of Nations
◦France wanted to prevent invasion and humiliate Germany
◦Carve up German colonies
Global Peacemaker
An attack on one is an attack on all Treaty of Versailles
◦ France gets Alsace Lorraine for 15 years◦ Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia established◦ German War Guilt and reparations Must pay 33 billion
Article 10
League of nations too binding July 2, 1921 War officially ends Post war
◦Business benefit◦Banks benefit◦No reintegration policy for troops◦African Americans in uniform lynched
Approval at Home
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